摘(zhai)要：本文分析了在隧道施(shi)工中對(dui)存在的(de)(de)技(ji)術風(feng)險進行評估的(de)(de)方(fang)法,然后根據楊(yang)林隧道實際的(de)(de)例子，詳細論述了風(feng)險控制的(de)(de)對(dui)策(ce)，旨在為相關研究提供參考，促進相關行業(ye)的(de)(de)水平的(de)(de)提高。

關鍵詞：隧(sui)道施工技(ji)術;風險評估;風險控制

最近幾年(nian)來，我國基礎建設不斷增加(jia)，隧道工(gong)程作為重要的(de)(de)(de)交通工(gong)程，也獲得了(le)很(hen)快的(de)(de)(de)發展。但是(shi)(shi)，當前在隧道施(shi)工(gong)中，還是(shi)(shi)存在很(hen)多的(de)(de)(de)安全事故(gu)，這(zhe)些事故(gu)造成了(le)經濟損失和(he)人員(yuan)傷亡，給社(she)會帶(dai)來了(le)負面影響(xiang)，因此，必須對風險評估和(he)控(kong)制方(fang)式進行研究(jiu)，從(cong)而減少這(zhe)種安午安事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)發生，這(zhe)也是(shi)(shi)本文研究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)主要內容。

一、隧道施工技(ji)術風險評(ping)估方法(fa)

（一）層次分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)法(fa)(fa)當前，層次分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)常(chang)見的(de)，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)(shi)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)簡單(dan)的(de)決(jue)策(ce)方(fang)法(fa)(fa),此(ci)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)比較適合在目標(biao)較多，而(er)且(qie)沒有多準(zhun)則(ze)，沒有結構(gou)特性(xing)這類(lei)復雜問題中,在應用該分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)法(fa)(fa)時，經常(chang)用的(de)流(liu)程(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi):“建(jian)立(li)層次結構(gou)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)→構(gou)造判斷矩陣→層次單(dan)排序,開展一致(zhi)性(xing)檢驗→層次總(zong)排序,開展一致(zhi)性(xing)檢驗”。（二(er)）模(mo)(mo)(mo)糊(hu)(hu)綜(zong)(zong)合評價(jia)法(fa)(fa)。模(mo)(mo)(mo)糊(hu)(hu)綜(zong)(zong)合評價(jia)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)綜(zong)(zong)合性(xing)的(de)評標(biao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)(shi)基于模(mo)(mo)(mo)糊(hu)(hu)數學產生的(de),這種方(fang)法(fa)(fa)通常(chang)結果(guo)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)清晰，而(er)且(qie)具有很強的(de)系統性(xing)強,可以利用在模(mo)(mo)(mo)糊(hu)(hu)和難以量化的(de)問題中,其通常(chang)的(de)流(liu)程(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi):“建(jian)立(li)因素(su)集→建(jian)立(li)權(quan)重(zhong)集→建(jian)立(li)評價(jia)集→建(jian)立(li)一階模(mo)(mo)(mo)糊(hu)(hu)綜(zong)(zong)合評價(jia)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)→建(jian)立(li)二(er)階模(mo)(mo)(mo)糊(hu)(hu)綜(zong)(zong)合評價(jia)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)”。

二、對隧道施(shi)工技術風(feng)險評估實例

摘要(yao)(yao)：現(xian)(xian)代鐵(tie)路(lu)隧(sui)道的(de)(de)建設中，復(fu)(fu)雜地(di)(di)質(zhi)環境(jing)(jing)成為影響施(shi)(shi)(shi)工的(de)(de)關鍵因(yin)素之一，系統分析復(fu)(fu)雜地(di)(di)質(zhi)環境(jing)(jing)下(xia)的(de)(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)隧(sui)道施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技術，具有強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)實(shi)意義。為了保(bao)證鐵(tie)路(lu)隧(sui)道施(shi)(shi)(shi)工的(de)(de)安全可(ke)靠，需要(yao)(yao)做好(hao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技術的(de)(de)控制(zhi)。因(yin)此在鐵(tie)路(lu)隧(sui)道施(shi)(shi)(shi)工前必(bi)須(xu)要(yao)(yao)對地(di)(di)質(zhi)進行詳細的(de)(de)勘察，根據(ju)實(shi)際情況制(zhi)定合理的(de)(de)隧(sui)道施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技術。基(ji)于此，文(wen)章就(jiu)復(fu)(fu)雜地(di)(di)質(zhi)條(tiao)件下(xia)鐵(tie)路(lu)隧(sui)道施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技術進行簡要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)分析，希望可(ke)以提供(gong)一個有效的(de)(de)借(jie)鑒。

關鍵詞：復雜(za)地質條件；鐵路隧道；施工(gong)技術

1.復雜(za)地質環境對隧道(dao)施工(gong)的(de)影響

我(wo)國南北(bei)跨度大(da)，地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)條件復雜(za)，多(duo)種(zhong)地(di)(di)形(xing)、地(di)(di)貌共存(cun)，而復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)往往會對(dui)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)帶(dai)來(lai)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)困難(nan)，不(bu)僅會增(zeng)加(jia)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)難(nan)度，還會增(zeng)加(jia)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)成本，為了縮(suo)短施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)線，提(ti)高線路(lu)(lu)(lu)標準，鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)存(cun)在(zai)很(hen)多(duo)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。同時(shi)我(wo)國經(jing)濟發(fa)展迅速，交通(tong)運輸業發(fa)展較快，現(xian)(xian)代鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)網基本成熟，在(zai)這種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)要(yao)求建(jian)設四通(tong)八達(da)、縱橫交錯的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)網。但鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)一般建(jian)立在(zai)高山、河谷附近，地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)條件復雜(za)，導(dao)致隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)難(nan)度不(bu)斷增(zeng)加(jia)。鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中，經(jing)常出(chu)現(xian)(xian)多(duo)種(zhong)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)問(wen)題，如喀斯卡特地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中，出(chu)現(xian)(xian)巖溶、突(tu)泥涌水(shui)問(wen)題，活動斷裂層區域隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)高地(di)(di)溫災害(hai)、斷層破碎(sui)帶(dai)等(deng)情(qing)況(kuang)，還有國內的(de)(de)(de)很(hen)多(duo)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)建(jian)設中，出(chu)現(xian)(xian)偏壓、巖爆、瓦(wa)斯爆炸等(deng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)原因導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)問(wen)題，由此(ci)可(ke)見在(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)中，復雜(za)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)會對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)設帶(dai)來(lai)高難(nan)度性，要(yao)想解決隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，就(jiu)要(yao)對(dui)復雜(za)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)進(jin)行分析(xi)，提(ti)高施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術水(shui)平。

2.鐵路隧(sui)道(dao)施(shi)工(gong)技術優(you)缺點的(de)比較

2.1全斷面(mian)開挖(wa)法技術(shu)優缺點分析

摘要：隧道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條件復雜，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期、安全、質量、成本壓(ya)力(li)大(da)，隧道(dao)(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術管(guan)理(li)不好，常會導致出現(xian)大(da)虧或小盈的現(xian)象。本文針對隧道(dao)(dao)及地下工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)發展所(suo)面臨機(ji)遇，強調加強隧道(dao)(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術管(guan)理(li)的重要性，加強施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術管(guan)理(li)應提(ti)高“精細化(hua)管(guan)理(li)、人性化(hua)管(guan)理(li)”水平(ping)。

關鍵詞(ci)：隧道；技(ji)術管(guan)理；初探

1問題的提出

隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條件復雜，工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)、質量、安全(quan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求嚴，成本控(kong)制(zhi)難，競爭激烈(lie)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)風險高。雖然有(you)“金(jin)隧(sui)銀橋”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法，但在復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條件下，隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)不(bu)好，常會導致出(chu)現(xian)大虧或小盈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。特別是(shi)長(chang)大復雜隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)，其面(mian)臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可變因素更多，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)難度(du)更大。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)作為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心工(gong)(gong)(gong)作之一(yi)，對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安全(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、質量控(kong)制(zhi)、進(jin)度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)、成本控(kong)制(zhi)等方面(mian)具有(you)非(fei)常重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。19世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)是(shi)高層建筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)，20世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)是(shi)橋梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)，21世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)將是(shi)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)及地(di)(di)下工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)，因此，面(mian)臨(lin)21世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)及地(di)(di)下工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)機遇(yu)期(qi)，發(fa)展(zhan)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，加強隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)勢在必行。加強施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，不(bu)斷提高施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“精細化管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、人(ren)性(xing)化管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)”水(shui)平。

2隧道施工技術管理在項目(mu)管理中(zhong)的作用

隧道(dao)(dao)施工(gong)流水線作(zuo)(zuo)業，各(ge)工(gong)序依次(ci)展(zhan)開，施工(gong)技術(shu)管理的(de)好可以起促進作(zuo)(zuo)用，反之則起制約(yue)作(zuo)(zuo)用。在(zai)激烈的(de)市場競爭條件下，只有人員、設(she)備、材料等資源優(you)化配置，并不(bu)斷加強施工(gong)技術(shu)管理，才能實現(xian)(xian)高(gao)效、優(you)質、低耗工(gong)程(cheng)。實現(xian)(xian)這一目標也(ye)是企(qi)業的(de)立足(zu)之本。隧道(dao)(dao)施工(gong)技術(shu)管理在(zai)項目管理中發揮著重要(yao)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用，其主要(yao)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)安(an)全、質量、進度、成本等方面。

1大斷(duan)面公路盾構法隧道施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)難點和應對(dui)措施(shi)

1.1大斷面公(gong)路盾構法隧道施(shi)工難(nan)點

作業期間，盾(dun)構(gou)隧道進(jin)(jin)洞施工時便出現了(le)(le)(le)3次這類情況，雖然實施了(le)(le)(le)搶修與封堵(du)處(chu)(chu)理，依然給附(fu)近環(huan)境帶來(lai)了(le)(le)(le)不利影響(xiang)。當出現過凍時，盾(dun)構(gou)機掘進(jin)(jin)效率下(xia)降，造成的(de)頂力與扭(niu)矩將(jiang)會使(shi)盾(dun)構(gou)面臨更大阻(zu)礙(ai)，再者由于此時的(de)溫度偏(pian)低，設備常常會被凍牢；當出現欠凍時，冷凍交圈(quan)難以符(fu)合冷凍加固(gu)處(chu)(chu)理標準，此時會產(chan)生冷凍盲區，造成進(jin)(jin)洞施工止水等得不到保障。

1.2大斷面公路盾構法隧(sui)道施(shi)工(gong)技術措施(shi)

(1)進(jin)(jin)洞口(kou)進(jin)(jin)行多重(zhong)、不同(tong)形式的(de)(de)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)。其具體(ti)(ti)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)方(fang)(fang)法為(wei)：地(di)基(ji)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)φ850mm的(de)(de)三軸深(shen)層攪拌(ban)樁；攪拌(ban)樁與地(di)墻間(jian)約30cm空隙(xi)處(chu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)平(ping)局部凍結加(jia)固(gu)(gu)地(di)層方(fang)(fang)式進(jin)(jin)行完全(quan)(quan)膠結，以(yi)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)目的(de)(de)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)對加(jia)固(gu)(gu)效(xiao)果進(jin)(jin)行理(li)論計(ji)算(suan)、實(shi)(shi)測數據(ju)推算(suan)、開孔檢(jian)查，使盾構機進(jin)(jin)洞時(shi)(shi)冷(leng)凍效(xiao)果達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)最佳；攪拌(ban)樁外(wai)(wai)圍增加(jia)550根高(gao)壓(ya)旋噴樁，使整個(ge)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)沿軸線方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)厚度(du)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)8.9m，并將整個(ge)體(ti)(ti)予以(yi)封(feng)閉，使整個(ge)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)可以(yi)完全(quan)(quan)包裹整個(ge)盾構機；高(gao)壓(ya)旋噴外(wai)(wai)圍預埋劈裂注漿(jiang)管(guan)，若(ruo)發生漏(lou)水(shui)、漏(lou)泥(ni)(ni)時(shi)(shi)可進(jin)(jin)行應(ying)急注漿(jiang)。(2)按照推進(jin)(jin)尺度(du)，盾尾離(li)開建筑(zhu)、冷(leng)凍拔管(guan)、切口(kou)到(dao)(dao)達(da)(da)地(di)墻前(qian)(qian)需(xu)要停(ting)機，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)注漿(jiang)孔完成雙液漿(jiang)打環箍，消(xiao)除管(guan)片、土體(ti)(ti)兩者間(jian)的(de)(de)縫隙(xi)，防止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)、泥(ni)(ni)、沙等到(dao)(dao)達(da)(da)洞門(men)。(3)盾尾離(li)開建筑(zhu)時(shi)(shi)，不再同(tong)步注漿(jiang)，然后(hou)通過轉駁(bo)泵(beng)實(shi)(shi)現壁后(hou)注漿(jiang)，且調整配合比，提高(gao)漿(jiang)液強度(du)。(4)進(jin)(jin)行二(er)次進(jin)(jin)洞施(shi)工(gong)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)補充1環管(guan)片，一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面保(bao)證外(wai)(wai)封(feng)，另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面節省月亮板封(feng)堵時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，降(jiang)(jiang)低風險(xian)(xian)。(5)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)結構外(wai)(wai)側(ce)需(xu)要部署5口(kou)減(jian)壓(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)井(jing)，切掉外(wai)(wai)排鋼(gang)筋(jin)后(hou)啟動減(jian)壓(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)井(jing)，能夠(gou)使外(wai)(wai)側(ce)水(shui)平(ping)在一(yi)定時(shi)(shi)間(jian)明顯減(jian)小(xiao)。(6)洞圈中需(xu)要配備(bei)盾尾刷，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)嵌入盾尾油脂(zhi)，從而(er)起到(dao)(dao)防水(shui)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。(7)全(quan)(quan)面監測建筑(zhu)沉降(jiang)(jiang)情(qing)(qing)況，做到(dao)(dao)信(xin)息化施(shi)工(gong)，結合所(suo)(suo)得信(xin)息隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)修(xiu)正推進(jin)(jin)施(shi)工(gong)參數。(8)將二(er)次建筑(zhu)傾斜度(du)檢(jian)測工(gong)作(zuo)確(que)定成日(ri)常任務。(9)制(zhi)定完善(shan)的(de)(de)應(ying)急處(chu)理(li)方(fang)(fang)案(an)，具體(ti)(ti)如下：設立(li)領導組、現場負責(ze)小(xiao)組、搶險(xian)(xian)組，如果出(chu)現險(xian)(xian)情(qing)(qing)，可以(yi)及時(shi)(shi)開展搶修(xiu)工(gong)作(zuo)，保(bao)證其他人員的(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)；盾尾外(wai)(wai)殼開設鉆取4個(ge)孔，險(xian)(xian)情(qing)(qing)出(chu)現后(hou)能夠(gou)快(kuai)速(su)注漿(jiang)處(chu)理(li)；提前(qian)(qian)預備(bei)各種應(ying)急所(suo)(suo)需(xu)物資，包括注漿(jiang)泵(beng)、水(shui)泥(ni)(ni)、黃砂等，險(xian)(xian)情(qing)(qing)出(chu)現后(hou)能夠(gou)及時(shi)(shi)封(feng)堵，防止(zhi)(zhi)其進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步惡化。

1.3大(da)斷(duan)面公路盾構法隧道施工技術準備措施

摘要:復(fu)雜地(di)(di)質條(tiao)(tiao)件下公路隧道(dao)(dao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)難度較大，質量將難以保(bao)證(zheng)。考慮到復(fu)雜地(di)(di)質條(tiao)(tiao)件對公路隧道(dao)(dao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)產生的影響，開展了復(fu)雜地(di)(di)質條(tiao)(tiao)件下公路隧道(dao)(dao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術要點的研(yan)究，重(zhong)點對淺(qian)埋偏壓隧道(dao)(dao)技術、隧道(dao)(dao)養護(hu)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)作業人(ren)員、混凝土等方(fang)面進行(xing)了分(fen)析以及(ji)討(tao)論，為隧道(dao)(dao)順利安全地(di)(di)貫通奠定良好的技術基(ji)礎。

關鍵詞(ci):復雜(za)地質，公路隧(sui)道，技術要(yao)點

在復雜地質條件下，要提(ti)升對(dui)公路隧道施(shi)工技術要點的重(zhong)視，進而在根(gen)本上保證其整體施(shi)工作業質量(liang)，為其今后的使(shi)用奠定(ding)基礎(chu)，在根(gen)源上保證人(ren)們的生命財產安全。

1淺(qian)埋偏壓隧(sui)道(dao)技術特點(dian)

在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)復雜(za)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)想(xiang)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)避(bi)(bi)免淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消極影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全性，就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視(shi)(shi)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)點以及(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)注(zhu)意事(shi)項進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)詳細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)探究與(yu)(yu)分(fen)析。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)特(te)點進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)掌(zhang)握，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)況之下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)點進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)明確(que)，淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)況之下(xia)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變形等(deng)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題，其(qi)(qi)導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變形幅(fu)度(du)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)大，產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)也相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)快，并且會(hui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)(jian)內(nei)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全問(wen)(wen)(wen)題與(yu)(yu)事(shi)故，其(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)法(fa)挽(wan)回的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)目前(qian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，由于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)復雜(za)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都會(hui)產(chan)生直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。如果不掌(zhang)握必要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，那么在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)將無(wu)法(fa)保證施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)具體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環節中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還會(hui)出現質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量缺(que)陷。所以，認真(zhen)分(fen)析公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點，并根(gen)據公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可能出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題以及(ji)遇到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜(za)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)，采取相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，滿(man)足(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。結合(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)(ji)，淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)具有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)性，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量具有(you)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)他種(zhong)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)來說，淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)深較(jiao)(jiao)淺(qian)(qian)(qian)，整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)覆蓋層(ceng)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)淺(qian)(qian)(qian)，這就(jiu)導(dao)致了(le)淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)無(wu)法(fa)單獨成(cheng)(cheng)拱，容易導(dao)致地(di)(di)(di)(di)表沉陷以及(ji)各種(zhong)塌方(fang)(fang)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題，因此在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)容易導(dao)致各種(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)表移動等(deng)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)以及(ji)周(zhou)邊環境也會(hui)產(chan)生較(jiao)(jiao)為嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害與(yu)(yu)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)直接影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)其(qi)(qi)支護(hu)與(yu)(yu)開挖、排(pai)水與(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)開展，無(wu)法(fa)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)根(gen)源(yuan)上(shang)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量，因此在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)于(yu)具體(ti)(ti)狀(zhuang)況應(ying)(ying)用(yong)各種(zhong)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，基(ji)于(yu)淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)征(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)科學(xue)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)方(fang)(fang)案，進(jin)(jin)而避(bi)(bi)免各種(zhong)突發(fa)性事(shi)故的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)之前(qian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)況進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)掌(zhang)握了(le)解(jie)(jie)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)觀測(ce)結果進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)可能存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)方(fang)(fang)案與(yu)(yu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)短(duan)時間(jian)(jian)內(nei)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)其(qi)(qi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)災害問(wen)(wen)(wen)題，進(jin)(jin)而在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)根(gen)源(yuan)上(shang)降低實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)危(wei)害問(wen)(wen)(wen)題。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，根(gen)據具體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)，調整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參數，制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)科學(xue)合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)準備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視(shi)(shi)，不斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優化淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)點，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)根(gen)源(yuan)上(shang)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量與(yu)(yu)效(xiao)(xiao)果。從(cong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)來看，淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)能夠有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優化施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)，使整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)減少地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害，并按照地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)特(te)點和實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難(nan)度(du)，夯實(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)基(ji)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承載力，進(jin)(jin)而滿(man)足(zu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支撐(cheng)力要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，保證淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)能夠在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)得到(dao)全面應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。所以，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，特(te)別要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優化和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。所以，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)淺(qian)(qian)(qian)埋(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)解(jie)(jie)，是(shi)(shi)做(zuo)好公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。

2復雜地質條件(jian)下公路隧道施(shi)工(gong)技術要點

摘(zhai)要:隨著公路隧道(dao)的(de)不(bu)斷發展，對施(shi)工技(ji)術的(de)要求(qiu)也日益提高。文(wen)章結合實際工程，分析公路隧道(dao)的(de)施(shi)工特(te)點與難點，并提出相應的(de)解決方案，為公路隧道(dao)的(de)建設(she)、施(shi)工技(ji)術與質量管(guan)理提供參考(kao)標準。

 關鍵詞:橋洞工(gong)程(cheng);隧(sui)道(dao)工(gong)程(cheng);施(shi)工(gong)技術(shu);質量管理體(ti)系(xi)

高(gao)速(su)公(gong)路是我國(guo)(guo)交通(tong)事(shi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)中流(liu)砥柱，其(qi)(qi)快速(su)發展標志著我國(guo)(guo)交通(tong)事(shi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)前進速(su)度(du)，同時也方便了人們(men)的(de)(de)(de)出行。由于高(gao)速(su)公(gong)路的(de)(de)(de)施工過程(cheng)往往隱蔽性比較高(gao)，且施工難度(du)很大，因(yin)此其(qi)(qi)在施工工程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術要(yao)求和質(zhi)量(liang)安全等保(bao)障需要(yao)特別重視，不(bu)僅需要(yao)制定詳細的(de)(de)(de)施工技(ji)術方案，還要(yao)有完備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)安全管理體系。本文以棋盤洲高(gao)速(su)公(gong)路隧(sui)道為(wei)案例，研(yan)究分析了其(qi)(qi)施工難點與解決(jue)方案，為(wei)類似(si)工程(cheng)方案的(de)(de)(de)制定提供參(can)考。

1工程概況

棋盤洲(zhou)長江(jiang)(jiang)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)大(da)(da)(da)橋(qiao)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)陽新(xin)至大(da)(da)(da)冶段是湖北省規劃(hua)的“七縱五橫三環(huan)”高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)網的重要組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen)，與規劃(hua)棋盤洲(zhou)長江(jiang)(jiang)大(da)(da)(da)橋(qiao)一起形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)滬渝、大(da)(da)(da)廣高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的聯絡線(xian)(xian)，是連接(jie)(jie)(jie)鄂東地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)長江(jiang)(jiang)兩岸(an)的快(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)過(guo)(guo)江(jiang)(jiang)通道(dao)。本項(xiang)(xiang)目起點接(jie)(jie)(jie)棋盤洲(zhou)長江(jiang)(jiang)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)大(da)(da)(da)橋(qiao)陽新(xin)岸(an)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)終點，經(jing)太子鎮、大(da)(da)(da)王鎮、大(da)(da)(da)箕鋪(pu)鎮、金湖街道(dao)，終點接(jie)(jie)(jie)武(wu)漢城市圈環(huan)線(xian)(xian)高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)大(da)(da)(da)冶段起點，路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)線(xian)(xian)全長25.199km。項(xiang)(xiang)目主(zhu)(zhu)線(xian)(xian)采(cai)用(yong)雙向4車道(dao)高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)標準(zhun)建設(she)(she)(she)，設(she)(she)(she)計速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)100km/h，路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)寬度(du)(du)26m，橋(qiao)涵(han)設(she)(she)(she)計汽車荷載采(cai)用(yong)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)Ⅰ級。項(xiang)(xiang)目位于(yu)幕阜(fu)山(shan)(shan)系北側江(jiang)(jiang)南丘(qiu)陵帶(dai)(dai)，屬于(yu)構造(zao)剝蝕低山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)。主(zhu)(zhu)要是經(jing)過(guo)(guo)長期強(qiang)烈(lie)(lie)剝蝕切割(ge)作用(yong)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的較為(wei)(wei)陡峻(jun)的地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)，近代地(di)(di)(di)殼上升(sheng)幅度(du)(du)較大(da)(da)(da)，溝(gou)谷流(liu)(liu)水下切侵蝕動力作用(yong)較為(wei)(wei)強(qiang)烈(lie)(lie)。海拔高(gao)度(du)(du)50～650m，山(shan)(shan)體呈(cheng)尖棱狀－渾圓狀線(xian)(xian)性(xing)延(yan)伸，山(shan)(shan)勢陡峻(jun)，溝(gou)谷切割(ge)較深，切割(ge)深度(du)(du)多(duo)在50～250m，相(xiang)對高(gao)差較大(da)(da)(da)，山(shan)(shan)坡(po)坡(po)角多(duo)為(wei)(wei)20°～35°，局部可(ke)達40°～60°。植被較發育，多(duo)以灌木(mu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。該區(qu)(qu)基(ji)巖(yan)(yan)一般埋(mai)藏較淺，頂部多(duo)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)裸露，風化(hua)嚴(yan)重，有(you)(you)時(shi)表層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)殘積物(wu)覆蓋;谷底(di)有(you)(you)較厚(hou)洪積物(wu)、坡(po)積物(wu)或沖積物(wu)，局部具有(you)(you)淤泥(ni)等(deng);在邊緣(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)常有(you)(you)結構松(song)散的新(xin)近堆積物(wu)。另外路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)線(xian)(xian)區(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)屬下揚(yang)子區(qu)(qu)大(da)(da)(da)冶小區(qu)(qu)，沿線(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)從志留系－第四(si)系均有(you)(you)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)。同時(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)目區(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)基(ji)本烈(lie)(lie)度(du)(du)Ⅵ度(du)(du)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)，項(xiang)(xiang)目區(qu)(qu)橋(qiao)梁抗(kang)震(zhen)設(she)(she)(she)防類(lei)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)B類(lei)，抗(kang)震(zhen)設(she)(she)(she)防烈(lie)(lie)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)6度(du)(du)，抗(kang)震(zhen)設(she)(she)(she)防措施等(deng)級為(wei)(wei)7級，高(gao)邊坡(po)建議(yi)按7度(du)(du)設(she)(she)(she)防，一般路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)可(ke)簡易設(she)(she)(she)防。路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)線(xian)(xian)區(qu)(qu)雨量充(chong)沛，水系發育，河溪縱橫，水庫堰塘星(xing)羅(luo)棋布(bu)(bu)。主(zhu)(zhu)要河流(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)馬(ma)家河、棲(qi)港河，河流(liu)(liu)規模(mo)較小，皆(jie)不通航。根據區(qu)(qu)內地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)巖(yan)(yan)性(xing)組(zu)合及(ji)地(di)(di)(di)下水的賦存條件，路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)線(xian)(xian)走(zou)廊(lang)帶(dai)(dai)內地(di)(di)(di)下水類(lei)型可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)第四(si)系松(song)散巖(yan)(yan)類(lei)孔(kong)隙水，基(ji)巖(yan)(yan)裂(lie)隙水、碳酸鹽(yan)巖(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)溶水三類(lei)。

2工程特點與方案分析(xi)

摘(zhai)要：對沉管(guan)(guan)隧道管(guan)(guan)段(duan)(duan)預制(zhi)技(ji)術進行詳細分析，闡述了沉管(guan)(guan)隧道管(guan)(guan)段(duan)(duan)預制(zhi)技(ji)術重難點(dian)，提(ti)出具體組織(zhi)及管(guan)(guan)理(li)策略。以(yi)便(bian)其能夠在(zai)我國大型通道工程建設中發揮(hui)出更大的(de)價值。

關鍵詞：沉管隧道；管段預制；施工技術(shu)

隨著我國經濟(ji)的(de)(de)不斷(duan)發展，為了(le)(le)更(geng)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步的(de)(de)滿(man)足我國生產(chan)、生活的(de)(de)需要(yao)，我國將修建(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)批橫(heng)跨江河湖海的(de)(de)水底(di)(di)隧道(dao)。修建(jian)(jian)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)水底(di)(di)隧道(dao)必然需要(yao)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)施工(gong)技術(shu)才(cai)能(neng)夠有效的(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)承(cheng)建(jian)(jian)，從現在(zai)已經有了(le)(le)的(de)(de)技術(shu)來看，進(jin)行(xing)水底(di)(di)隧道(dao)修建(jian)(jian)最主要(yao)應用的(de)(de)技術(shu)就是沉管隧道(dao)法(fa)(fa)、盾構法(fa)(fa)以及礦山(shan)法(fa)(fa)。在(zai)這(zhe)之中將對沉管隧道(dao)法(fa)(fa)進(jin)行(xing)簡(jian)單的(de)(de)介(jie)紹。

1沉管隧道

運用(yong)沉(chen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隧(sui)道技術(shu)建(jian)(jian)設主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)為兩種(zhong)(zhong)類型。一是(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)殼沉(chen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，這主(zhu)要(yao)通過(guo)將鋼(gang)(gang)殼與混凝土結合起來進行(xing)沉(chen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隧(sui)道建(jian)(jian)設，其中(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)為單層鋼(gang)(gang)殼沉(chen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隧(sui)道建(jian)(jian)設和雙層沉(chen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隧(sui)道建(jian)(jian)設，在國外的北美地(di)區(qu)主(zhu)要(yao)采用(yong)這種(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)進行(xing)建(jian)(jian)設。而鋼(gang)(gang)筋混凝土沉(chen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隧(sui)道建(jian)(jian)設，它又被稱為矩形(xing)(xing)沉(chen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，在結構上屬于(yu)大體積多孔箱(xiang)式(shi)(shi)混凝土，這種(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)的沉(chen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隧(sui)道建(jian)(jian)設最早出現于(yu)歐(ou)洲(zhou)，中(zhong)國也應用(yong)了這種(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)修建(jian)(jian)了幾座(zuo)沉(chen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隧(sui)道［1］。

2沉管隧道管段(duan)預制技(ji)術

【摘(zhai)要】隨著(zhu)現代交通的(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)發展，道路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)建(jian)設越來(lai)(lai)越發達(da)，高速(su)公路(lu)的(de)(de)施工(gong)技術也(ye)越來(lai)(lai)越精湛，而其(qi)(qi)中的(de)(de)隧道工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)又占(zhan)據(ju)了(le)極其(qi)(qi)重要的(de)(de)地位，高速(su)公路(lu)中瓦斯(si)隧道的(de)(de)施工(gong)處理會直接決(jue)定其(qi)(qi)整個工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)完(wan)(wan)整性和質量(liang)，所以道路(lu)施工(gong)部門(men)應當要極度重視(shi)這一施工(gong)技術，優(you)化技術創新，改善其(qi)(qi)工(gong)藝(yi)上的(de)(de)不(bu)完(wan)(wan)美(mei)。

【關鍵詞(ci)】高速(su)公路；瓦斯隧道；施工技術(shu)

1引言

由于(yu)瓦(wa)(wa)斯(si)是一種易燃易爆的(de)(de)氣體，所以在(zai)高(gao)速公路的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)建設(she)中，如遇瓦(wa)(wa)斯(si)區(qu)域，就(jiu)必須要(yao)(yao)按照瓦(wa)(wa)斯(si)隧(sui)道的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)去(qu)完成工(gong)(gong)程項目。但是，瓦(wa)(wa)斯(si)隧(sui)道的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)攜帶了太大的(de)(de)安(an)全隱患，且危險(xian)指數很難控(kong)制，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程中一旦(dan)出(chu)現瓦(wa)(wa)斯(si)燃爆，就(jiu)會造成不可估量的(de)(de)人(ren)員傷亡(wang)和經濟損失，所以對于(yu)瓦(wa)(wa)斯(si)隧(sui)道的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，必須加強過程掌控(kong)且要(yao)(yao)提高(gao)技(ji)術上的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，堅決杜絕危險(xian)爆炸事件的(de)(de)產生。為此本文主要(yao)(yao)就(jiu)瓦(wa)(wa)斯(si)隧(sui)道工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術對高(gao)速公的(de)(de)建設(she)發(fa)展做淺(qian)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)分(fen)析。

2高速公路隧道施工的特(te)點分析

2.1安全隱患大

摘要(yao)：平(ping)武震(zhen)區(qu)隧道(dao)地下(xia)水系發育，部分(fen)區(qu)域承壓性突出，需制(zhi)定科(ke)學(xue)的防排水施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，確保隧道(dao)安全施(shi)(shi)工(gong)和后(hou)期(qi)運營安全。該文(wen)根(gen)據平(ping)武震(zhen)區(qu)隧道(dao)現場(chang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)條件，進行了(le)科(ke)學(xue)嚴謹的分(fen)析(xi)，提(ti)出了(le)隧道(dao)綜(zong)合(he)防排水技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)措施(shi)(shi)及防水板掛設工(gong)藝，以(yi)為震(zhen)區(qu)隧道(dao)工(gong)程實踐提(ti)供(gong)有益的技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)指導。

關鍵(jian)詞：隧道；震區；防排水；施(shi)工技術

四川平武震區隧道防排水(shui)采用“防、排、堵、截”相(xiang)結合(he)的(de)(de)設計原則(ze)，結合(he)震區地(di)下(xia)水(shui)擾動大的(de)(de)特(te)征(zheng)，運(yun)用綜(zong)合(he)防控(kong)手段，實現(xian)工程建(jian)設與保護生態相(xiang)統一(yi)的(de)(de)原則(ze)。震區防排水(shui)設計施工標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)高，要(yao)滿足“滴、滲、漏(lou)全面控(kong)制且無(wu)濕漬現(xian)象”的(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，防止隧道滲漏(lou)水(shui)病害對后期運(yun)營道路的(de)(de)安全隱患。

1震區隧道防排水原則

（1）提出(chu)震(zhen)(zhen)區(qu)(qu)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)防(fang)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)基本原(yuan)則及(ji)方(fang)案。建(jian)設震(zhen)(zhen)區(qu)(qu)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，如遇地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源豐富的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，需要對工(gong)程水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文地(di)(di)質進行(xing)研究，制(zhi)定相應(ying)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)防(fang)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)案[1]。對于震(zhen)(zhen)區(qu)(qu)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)一般以(yi)(yi)排(pai)出(chu)涌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為基本原(yuan)則，要實施(shi)適合震(zhen)(zhen)區(qu)(qu)建(jian)設隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)技術措施(shi)，防(fang)范水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)害帶(dai)來的(de)(de)安全隱患(huan)，密切(qie)監控隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)突(tu)涌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)情(qing)況(kuang)并(bing)準(zhun)備好處(chu)(chu)治措施(shi)。（2）查明震(zhen)(zhen)區(qu)(qu)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)涌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因。明確地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源的(de)(de)分布(bu)狀態(tai)，摸清地(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)周邊河流(liu)(liu)分布(bu)，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文流(liu)(liu)徑組織關系[2-3]。分析(xi)導致突(tu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發生的(de)(de)內在機制(zhi)。建(jian)設震(zhen)(zhen)區(qu)(qu)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)時，應(ying)仔細勘測周邊地(di)(di)質與水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文狀況(kuang)，對隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)工(gong)方(fang)案提出(chu)合理水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)害處(chu)(chu)治預案。（3）建(jian)立震(zhen)(zhen)區(qu)(qu)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)害處(chu)(chu)理措施(shi)。當出(chu)現地(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位較高的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)時，隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)工(gong)可采取(qu)綜合排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)范，如鉆(zhan)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)孔(kong)(kong)、坑道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等系列措施(shi)。如出(chu)現大量涌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時，就要進行(xing)全面引(yin)排(pai)，如使用(yong)錨(mao)桿把(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)引(yin)出(chu)后再完成噴錨(mao)工(gong)作(zuo)，并(bing)布(bu)設匯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)孔(kong)(kong)，使排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與混凝土噴射施(shi)工(gong)同步進行(xing)。

2工程概況

摘要：以具體的(de)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)程為例，重點從進洞(dong)方(fang)案設計、管棚(peng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案設計、進洞(dong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝三方(fang)面對復雜軟弱圍(wei)巖隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)進洞(dong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術作(zuo)系(xi)統的(de)分析論述。

關鍵詞：軟弱圍巖；隧道(dao)；管(guan)棚；隧道(dao)開挖

隧道(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具有復雜(za)性和高(gao)風險(xian)性，尤(you)其是在遇到復雜(za)軟(ruan)弱(ruo)圍巖時，如何(he)確定進洞(dong)方案尤(you)為(wei)關鍵。另外，隧道(dao)洞(dong)口的(de)山體巖層通常較(jiao)為(wei)軟(ruan)弱(ruo)，因(yin)而(er)在洞(dong)口段施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時務(wu)必(bi)做好相應的(de)加固措施(shi)(shi)，并科學(xue)確定進洞(dong)的(de)開挖方式。但往(wang)往(wang)復雜(za)軟(ruan)弱(ruo)圍巖隧道(dao)的(de)進洞(dong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和管(guan)棚施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)均有較(jiao)大的(de)難度，比如，管(guan)棚的(de)支護(hu)能力(li)是必(bi)須重點考量(liang)的(de)問題，務(wu)必(bi)確保管(guan)棚可以承受來自隧道(dao)頂(ding)部的(de)垂直土壓力(li)。鑒(jian)于(yu)復雜(za)軟(ruan)弱(ruo)圍巖隧道(dao)進洞(dong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)較(jiao)為(wei)復雜(za)，因(yin)而(er)對(dui)復雜(za)軟(ruan)弱(ruo)圍巖隧道(dao)進洞(dong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)做全(quan)面深入的(de)分析探(tan)討(tao)十(shi)分必(bi)要。

1項目概況

某隧道(dao)工程項目左線(xian)長(chang)度為(wei)5433m，右(you)線(xian)長(chang)度為(wei)5378m，隧道(dao)設(she)計行車速度為(wei)85km/h，最大埋深達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)450m。隧道(dao)施(shi)工現場的(de)(de)(de)巖體較為(wei)破(po)碎(sui)，穩定(ding)性較差，且地表水(shui)發(fa)育不完全，土(tu)體較為(wei)松軟(ruan)，有坍塌的(de)(de)(de)危險性。經過實(shi)地勘測后決定(ding)，隧道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)左線(xian)采用三區段(duan)(duan)斜豎井(jing)送排(pai)式分段(duan)(duan)縱向通風，左線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)斜井(jing)水(shui)平(ping)距(ju)達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)789m，縱坡(po)達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)13.77%；右(you)線(xian)采取二區段(duan)(duan)斜豎井(jing)送排(pai)式分段(duan)(duan)縱向通風，左線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)斜井(jing)水(shui)平(ping)距(ju)達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)749m，縱坡(po)達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)14.27%。為(wei)有效(xiao)確(que)保隧道(dao)施(shi)工的(de)(de)(de)高效(xiao)進(jin)行，決定(ding)運用超前大管棚技術實(shi)現進(jin)洞施(shi)工。

2進洞方案設計要點