同志們：

剛才，*副(fu)廳長做了(le)一(yi)個很好的(de)(de)講(jiang)話，通報了(le)今年以來的(de)(de)事故情(qing)況，特別是近兩(liang)個月以來發生的(de)(de)兩(liang)起重大運輸事故情(qing)況，并(bing)對(dui)奧運會(hui)期間(jian)全(quan)(quan)省交通運輸行(xing)業安全(quan)(quan)生產和安全(quan)(quan)保衛工作進行(xing)了(le)再動員、再部署，我完全(quan)(quan)同意，全(quan)(quan)省交通系統(tong)各單位、各部門、各企(qi)業要認真貫徹(che)落實(shi)。

下(xia)面，我再強調四點：

第一(yi)，要(yao)(yao)強化政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)意識(shi)(shi)、責(ze)任意識(shi)(shi)、防(fang)范意識(shi)(shi)“三個意識(shi)(shi)”，增強做好奧(ao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)會安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產、安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)保(bao)衛(wei)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)自覺性(xing)和(he)責(ze)任感。百(bai)年期(qi)盼、舉(ju)世矚目的(de)北(bei)(bei)京奧(ao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)會即(ji)將舉(ju)行(xing)，為(wei)北(bei)(bei)京奧(ao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)會成(cheng)功舉(ju)辦(ban)營造良好的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產環境、安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)保(bao)衛(wei)環境是(shi)各(ge)(ge)級各(ge)(ge)部(bu)門的(de)一(yi)件(jian)大(da)事(shi)(shi)、要(yao)(yao)事(shi)(shi)，特別是(shi)我(wo)省(sheng)(sheng)地處北(bei)(bei)京周邊，交(jiao)通(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)行(xing)業(ye)又(you)與北(bei)(bei)京奧(ao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)緊密相(xiang)關，搞好全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)交(jiao)通(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)行(xing)業(ye)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產和(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)保(bao)衛(wei)工(gong)作(zuo)，是(shi)一(yi)項嚴肅(su)的(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)任務(wu)和(he)神圣的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)使命。近期(qi)以來，我(wo)省(sheng)(sheng)連續發生兩起(qi)重(zhong)大(da)道路運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)，造成(cheng)34人(ren)死亡和(he)31人(ren)受傷，損失(shi)慘(can)重(zhong)，觸目驚心，影響極壞(huai)。此外，全(quan)(quan)國各(ge)(ge)地也發生多(duo)起(qi)重(zhong)大(da)危險(xian)化學品運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)、旅客運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)以及恐怖破壞(huai)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)。昨(zuo)天(tian)云南昆(kun)明(ming)發生了(le)兩起(qi)公(gong)交(jiao)車(che)爆炸事(shi)(shi)件(jian)。正是(shi)“樹欲(yu)靜，而風不(bu)止”。因此，全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)交(jiao)通(tong)系統(tong)廣大(da)干部(bu)群眾特別是(shi)各(ge)(ge)級領導干部(bu)必須強化政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)意識(shi)(shi)、責(ze)任意識(shi)(shi)、防(fang)范意識(shi)(shi)，把道路水(shui)路運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產和(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)保(bao)衛(wei)作(zuo)為(wei)當(dang)前的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)任務(wu)，時(shi)刻繃緊安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產和(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)保(bao)衛(wei)這兩根弦(xian)，真正做到警鐘長鳴，提高警惕，加強防(fang)范，消除隱患，防(fang)患于未(wei)然(ran)。

第(di)二，堅持專(zhuan)項整(zheng)(zheng)治和(he)長效(xiao)機制建(jian)設相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)、近(jin)期治表與長期治本相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)、運(yun)輸(shu)管(guan)理與公路(lu)(lu)管(guan)理相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)“三個結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)”，標(biao)(biao)本兼(jian)治，綜合(he)(he)(he)治理，提升交通運(yun)輸(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)安(an)全(quan)生產(chan)、安(an)全(quan)保(bao)(bao)衛能(neng)力(li)和(he)水(shui)平。當(dang)(dang)前，正在開展百(bai)日安(an)全(quan)督查(cha)專(zhuan)項行(xing)(xing)(xing)動，要(yao)通過百(bai)日安(an)全(quan)督查(cha)專(zhuan)項行(xing)(xing)(xing)動發現全(quan)省(sheng)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)水(shui)路(lu)(lu)運(yun)輸(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)安(an)全(quan)生產(chan)以及(ji)(ji)安(an)全(quan)保(bao)(bao)衛工(gong)(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)存(cun)在的(de)(de)突出問題和(he)薄弱環節，探(tan)索安(an)全(quan)生產(chan)和(he)安(an)全(quan)保(bao)(bao)衛工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)特點和(he)規律，研究制定行(xing)(xing)(xing)之有效(xiao)的(de)(de)防范(fan)措施(shi)和(he)辦(ban)法，建(jian)立(li)(li)長效(xiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作機制。奧運(yun)臨(lin)近(jin)，已是(shi)倒計時(shi)17天，時(shi)間十(shi)分(fen)緊迫，任務十(shi)分(fen)艱巨，無論是(shi)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)水(shui)路(lu)(lu)運(yun)輸(shu)還是(shi)公路(lu)(lu)養管(guan)都是(shi)立(li)(li)足當(dang)(dang)前，著眼長遠(yuan)，遠(yuan)近(jin)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)，標(biao)(biao)本兼(jian)治。當(dang)(dang)前，最要(yao)緊的(de)(de)是(shi)加強營運(yun)駕駛員的(de)(de)教育(yu)管(guan)理，加強營運(yun)車輛的(de)(de)維護以及(ji)(ji)加強公路(lu)(lu)標(biao)(biao)志標(biao)(biao)線建(jian)設等，特別(bie)是(shi)加強長途客(ke)車、旅游客(ke)車、危(wei)險(xian)化學(xue)品運(yun)輸(shu)車輛以及(ji)(ji)汽車客(ke)運(yun)站(zhan)、特大橋(qiao)梁隧道(dao)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理，完善事故多(duo)發路(lu)(lu)段以及(ji)(ji)水(shui)庫、水(shui)源地重點路(lu)(lu)段安(an)保(bao)(bao)設施(shi)建(jian)設。同時(shi)，要(yao)通過大力(li)推(tui)進(jin)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)水(shui)路(lu)(lu)運(yun)輸(shu)組織結(jie)構調整(zheng)(zheng)、大力(li)實施(shi)公路(lu)(lu)安(an)保(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)和(he)事故多(duo)發路(lu)(lu)段整(zheng)(zheng)治工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)以及(ji)(ji)危(wei)橋(qiao)改造(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。

第三(san)，要(yao)突出旅(lv)客運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、危(wei)險(xian)化(hua)學品(pin)(pin)運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、汽車(che)(che)(che)客運站(zhan)場安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、重(zhong)(zhong)點公路施工安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、特(te)大橋(qiao)梁隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)“五個重(zhong)(zhong)點”，采(cai)取(qu)切(qie)實有效措施，保(bao)障安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產，搞好安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)衛(wei)。旅(lv)客運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)、危(wei)險(xian)貨物運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)、重(zhong)(zhong)點公路施工容易發生安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產事(shi)故，汽車(che)(che)(che)客運站(zhan)、停車(che)(che)(che)場，特(te)大橋(qiao)梁隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)也有可能成為恐怖(bu)(bu)襲擊破(po)壞的(de)對(dui)象。各(ge)(ge)單位、各(ge)(ge)部門要(yao)認(ren)真抓好“五個重(zhong)(zhong)點”的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)和(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)衛(wei)工作。對(dui)進(jin)站(zhan)上車(che)(che)(che)的(de)旅(lv)客行包(bao)要(yao)嚴格“三(san)品(pin)(pin)”檢查，嚴禁“三(san)品(pin)(pin)”進(jin)站(zhan)上車(che)(che)(che)；對(dui)進(jin)京旅(lv)客要(yao)按照實名制的(de)要(yao)求憑身份證購票并認(ren)真登記；對(dui)客運車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)、危(wei)險(xian)化(hua)學品(pin)(pin)運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)駕(jia)(jia)駛員(yuan)要(yao)嚴格管理(li)，不得隨(sui)意變更(geng)駕(jia)(jia)駛員(yuan)，不得隨(sui)意交給他人駕(jia)(jia)駛車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)；對(dui)汽車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)、停車(che)(che)(che)場、特(te)大橋(qiao)梁隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)等重(zhong)(zhong)點區(qu)域(yu)要(yao)加強值勤和(he)巡查，嚴防恐怖(bu)(bu)破(po)壞活動。

［摘(zhai)要］隧(sui)道工(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)作(zuo)業內容眾(zhong)多(duo)，同時具備階段性動態性特(te)征(zheng)，在隧(sui)道施工(gong)期間為保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)作(zuo)順利進行(xing)，必(bi)(bi)須積(ji)極開(kai)展(zhan)風險管控工(gong)作(zuo)，在項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)運行(xing)的全(quan)過(guo)程完成(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)認(ren)知、評(ping)估(gu)、分(fen)析、控制等(deng)活動，隨著工(gong)作(zuo)的進行(xing)影(ying)響施工(gong)的因素(su)會隨之增多(duo)，為保(bao)證(zheng)隧(sui)道施工(gong)按照施工(gong)計劃順利進行(xing)，必(bi)(bi)須規避此類因素(su)對(dui)施工(gong)行(xing)為造成(cheng)的影(ying)響。

［關(guan)鍵詞］公路隧道；風險評估；安全(quan)管理(li)

開展(zhan)風(feng)險管理工(gong)作對(dui)隧(sui)道工(gong)程(cheng)項目運行變得異常重要(yao)，可以(yi)保證工(gong)作人員的(de)人身安全，還應(ying)能使項目各環(huan)節工(gong)作順(shun)利(li)進行，通過風(feng)險管理消(xiao)除影響工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)因(yin)素，因(yin)此在隧(sui)道工(gong)程(cheng)項目建(jian)設(she)(she)過程(cheng)中，必須積(ji)極地開展(zhan)風(feng)險管理工(gong)作了解影響隧(sui)道工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)因(yin)素，并給出針對(dui)性防(fang)控方式(shi)，提高隧(sui)道工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)水平(ping)達到項目建(jian)設(she)(she)要(yao)求。

1隧(sui)道施工風(feng)險評估與安(an)全管理控制的必要性

隧道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)因(yin)(yin)為施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)形(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊性(xing)(xing)(xing)，在項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)因(yin)(yin)素(su)會隨著(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)逐漸增多，為保障(zhang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)，確保施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)可(ke)以按(an)(an)(an)照方(fang)(fang)(fang)案設(she)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流程(cheng)(cheng)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)中引入(ru)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)與(yu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，通(tong)過(guo)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)保障(zhang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)，按(an)(an)(an)照設(she)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中分(fen)析影響施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)因(yin)(yin)素(su)，通(tong)過(guo)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)、風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)識別、風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)防(fang)(fang)控(kong)等措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保證各(ge)環(huan)節工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)可(ke)以按(an)(an)(an)照計劃有序開展(zhan)(zhan)[1]。隧道(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)前(qian)需(xu)(xu)要進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)實(shi)地(di)(di)環(huan)境調研(yan)，掌握(wo)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)所(suo)在地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境因(yin)(yin)素(su)，這是(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)，在此基礎(chu)上可(ke)以掌握(wo)影響項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素(su)，判定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)因(yin)(yin)素(su)，由(you)此可(ke)以提(ti)前(qian)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)預防(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案，確定(ding)(ding)防(fang)(fang)控(kong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法，規避(bi)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。在項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)期間，設(she)置救(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)制(zhi)與(yu)預警(jing)(jing)機(ji)制(zhi)，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)出(chu)現問題(ti)后可(ke)以快速利(li)用救(jiu)送機(ji)制(zhi)與(yu)預警(jing)(jing)機(ji)制(zhi)，將(jiang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)因(yin)(yin)素(su)對(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響降至最(zui)低，及時糾(jiu)正施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)問題(ti)。開展(zhan)(zhan)隧道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)需(xu)(xu)要將(jiang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)具體化(hua)開展(zhan)(zhan)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)控(kong)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者快速發現干(gan)預工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素(su)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)判斷，結(jie)合前(qian)期收集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)數據提(ti)高施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確性(xing)(xing)(xing)。在此基礎(chu)上開展(zhan)(zhan)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)期間，確保風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式可(ke)以最(zui)大程(cheng)(cheng)度地(di)(di)通(tong)過(guo)具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息展(zhan)(zhan)示工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。開展(zhan)(zhan)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)需(xu)(xu)要考慮(lv)到安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效果，與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配合情況有直接關(guan)(guan)聯，因(yin)(yin)此當下必(bi)須保證參(can)(can)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)意(yi)識到安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)對(dui)(dui)(dui)隧道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)順利(li)開展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要性(xing)(xing)(xing)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)主(zhu)觀意(yi)識方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)給予風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)與(yu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視(shi)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)期間嚴格按(an)(an)(an)照管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)要求(qiu)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，由(you)此將(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)發生(sheng)(sheng)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)事故的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概率降至最(zui)低。在隧道(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中，每一個(ge)參(can)(can)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)必(bi)須要了(le)解(jie)隧道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素(su)掌握(wo)相關(guan)(guan)原因(yin)(yin)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而可(ke)以在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)防(fang)(fang)護。了(le)解(jie)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)任務(wu)以及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)內(nei)容(rong)，根據自身在隧道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角色，完成(cheng)本職任務(wu)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)必(bi)須貫徹于(yu)隧道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)階段(duan)，保證項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)參(can)(can)與(yu)人(ren)員(yuan)可(ke)以正確地(di)(di)執行(xing)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)和安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)提(ti)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，發揮風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)與(yu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能效用，在最(zui)大程(cheng)(cheng)度上保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)朝著(zhu)設(she)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，提(ti)高施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。

2隧(sui)道施工風(feng)險評估與安全管理控制內容

摘要(yao):為有效防(fang)范寧纏(chan)高(gao)瓦(wa)斯(si)(si)高(gao)濃度硫(liu)化(hua)氫(qing)公(gong)路隧(sui)道重(zhong)大安(an)全(quan)(quan)風(feng)險，根據國家安(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)方針及(ji)(ji)有關安(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)法律法規(gui)、標準(zhun)及(ji)(ji)規(gui)范，針對青海省(sheng)首條(tiao)高(gao)瓦(wa)斯(si)(si)隧(sui)道項目(mu)建設存(cun)在(zai)重(zhong)大安(an)全(quan)(quan)風(feng)險問題，制定寧纏(chan)隧(sui)道高(gao)瓦(wa)斯(si)(si)、硫(liu)化(hua)氫(qing)安(an)全(quan)(quan)風(feng)險管(guan)控及(ji)(ji)隱(yin)患(huan)排查治理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)方案(an)，全(quan)(quan)面(mian)體(ti)現“安(an)全(quan)(quan)第一，預防(fang)為主，綜(zong)合治理(li)”的方針，實現對重(zhong)大安(an)全(quan)(quan)風(feng)險管(guan)控和各項安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)排查并及(ji)(ji)時治理(li)。

關鍵詞:高瓦斯(si)高濃度(du)硫化氫隧道(dao);重大安全風險(xian)管控;隱患排查治理(li);工(gong)作方(fang)案

1工作目標

進一步(bu)深化(hua)(hua)寧(ning)纏高瓦斯高濃(nong)度硫化(hua)(hua)氫隧(sui)道重(zhong)大安(an)全(quan)生產風險管控和(he)事故隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)排查治理(li)(li)工作(zuo)，全(quan)面排查治理(li)(li)施工期間的(de)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)，抓好隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)整(zheng)治工作(zuo)，推動企業安(an)全(quan)生產主體責(ze)任(ren)和(he)責(ze)任(ren)追究制的(de)落實，完(wan)善安(an)全(quan)生產規章制度，建(jian)立健全(quan)風險管控和(he)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)排查治理(li)(li)機制，強化(hua)(hua)安(an)全(quan)生產基礎，提升安(an)全(quan)管理(li)(li)水平(ping)。

2總體要求

2.1深刻認識(shi)風險，提(ti)高安全(quan)防范意識(shi)

摘要:高速(su)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)對養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)人才、設(she)(she)備(bei)設(she)(she)施(shi)和(he)管(guan)(guan)理的需求有其特殊性(xing)，對隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)現狀進行(xing)了分析，探索(suo)了高速(su)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)模(mo)式、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)術、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)設(she)(she)備(bei)。高速(su)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)理應貫徹“預防為主(zhu)、安(an)全(quan)至上”的原則，建立科學、完善的養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)理體系和(he)安(an)全(quan)保障系統，健全(quan)規章制度，加(jia)強隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)預防性(xing)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)作，提高隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)突發事件應急處(chu)置能力，通過養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)模(mo)式轉變、養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)理體制創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、機制創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)和(he)技(ji)術手段創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，充分利用(yong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)術、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)設(she)(she)備(bei)全(quan)面提升高速(su)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)的養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)理水平。

關鍵詞:高(gao)速公路(lu);隧道(dao);專業化養護;養護新模(mo)式

1隧道(dao)專(zhuan)業化養護(hu)總體情(qing)況

1．1基本概況。截(jie)止到2019年年底(di)，遼寧省(sheng)高(gao)(gao)速(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)共有(you)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)225座(zuo)(zuo)(單(dan)向)，全(quan)(quan)長(chang)203485．27m，分設(she)11個分公(gong)(gong)司管(guan)轄，其中(zhong)特長(chang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)4座(zuo)(zuo)(單(dan)洞)，總(zong)長(chang)度(du)13623．5m;長(chang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)68座(zuo)(zuo)，總(zong)長(chang)度(du)101003．76m;中(zhong)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)103座(zuo)(zuo)，總(zong)長(chang)度(du)69917．55m;短(duan)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)50座(zuo)(zuo)，總(zong)長(chang)度(du)18940．46m。1．2隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)養(yang)(yang)護現狀。在(zai)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)養(yang)(yang)護之前，運營管(guan)理(li)部(bu)門原(yuan)有(you)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)養(yang)(yang)護人(ren)員(yuan)不足、專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)力(li)量(liang)不強、造成(cheng)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)整體養(yang)(yang)護質量(liang)較差甚至部(bu)分設(she)施(shi)棄養(yang)(yang)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)。通過(guo)近五年的(de)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)養(yang)(yang)護工作，全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)高(gao)(gao)速(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)養(yang)(yang)護在(zai)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)土建(jian)設(she)施(shi)病(bing)害檢測、預(yu)防性養(yang)(yang)護、機電(dian)設(she)施(shi)檢修保(bao)養(yang)(yang)、快速(su)修復、應急處置管(guan)理(li)等(deng)方面(mian)積累(lei)了一定的(de)經驗，保(bao)證了全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)高(gao)(gao)速(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)運行，基本實現了隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)養(yang)(yang)護管(guan)理(li)“及時(shi)、快速(su)、優質、高(gao)(gao)效”的(de)工作要求(qiu)和預(yu)期目標(biao)(biao)。遼寧省(sheng)通過(guo)市場(chang)養(yang)(yang)護招標(biao)(biao)，充(chong)分利(li)用省(sheng)內技(ji)術(shu)優勢，運營管(guan)理(li)部(bu)門和省(sheng)內技(ji)術(shu)雄厚單(dan)位在(zai)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)養(yang)(yang)護問(wen)題(ti)上產生了交(jiao)集和共鳴，一起(qi)向交(jiao)通主管(guan)部(bu)門建(jian)言獻策(ce)———開展(zhan)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)養(yang)(yang)護，專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)事交(jiao)給專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)人(ren)干(gan)。

2集群智，探索公(gong)路隧道養護新模式

2．1組(zu)(zu)(zu)建專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)團隊(dui)(dui)。依托遼(liao)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)省(sheng)(sheng)交通(tong)規劃設計(ji)(ji)院成立(li)了(le)遼(liao)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)省(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)技術研發(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)心。研發(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)心組(zu)(zu)(zu)建了(le)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)團隊(dui)(dui)———隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)部。研發(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)心提出了(le)遼(liao)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)方案。組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)人才，購置專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)設備，開(kai)展(zhan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)。2．2隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)開(kai)啟公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)招標(biao)。遼(liao)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)省(sheng)(sheng)高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)于2014年(nian)率先實(shi)行了(le)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)試點，通(tong)過市場(chang)化(hua)運(yun)作(zuo)(zuo)，先后(hou)引(yin)進(jin)遼(liao)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)大通(tong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、遼(liao)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)五洲公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)鐵十二局(ju)集團有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)三家(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，建立(li)了(le)覆蓋全省(sheng)(sheng)225座(zuo)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)模式(shi)。通(tong)過社會(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)招標(biao)，標(biao)志(zhi)著遼(liao)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)省(sheng)(sheng)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)主(zhu)體完成了(le)由事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)單位向企業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉移的變(bian)革(ge)，高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)進(jin)入專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)時代。2．3養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)新模式(shi)。運(yun)營(ying)管(guan)理(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si):一手(shou)抓(zhua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度、一手(shou)抓(zhua)管(guan)理(li)。省(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)通(tong)過制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定全省(sheng)(sheng)高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)《隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)手(shou)冊(ce)》、遼(liao)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)省(sheng)(sheng)高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，指導各分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)開(kai)展(zhan)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，每個(ge)季度進(jin)行養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)檢查和第三方暗訪公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)抽(chou)查兩(liang)種方式(shi)，考(kao)核各分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)土建設施(shi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)水(shui)平(ping)。運(yun)營(ying)管(guan)理(li)分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si):建立(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)分包、養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、計(ji)(ji)量(liang)支付、設計(ji)(ji)變(bian)更、交工(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)等全流程(cheng)監(jian)管(guan)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)單位:履行合(he)同(tong)約定，在(zai)運(yun)營(ying)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度和《隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)手(shou)冊(ce)》的指導下開(kai)展(zhan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。以合(he)同(tong)與制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度為紐帶(dai)，把運(yun)營(ying)管(guan)理(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)和社會(hui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)力量(liang)有(you)機(ji)聯系(xi)在(zai)一起，形成了(le)新時期的隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)管(guan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)團隊(dui)(dui)。甲乙(yi)雙方管(guan)理(li)思路(lu)(lu)清晰，責(ze)任主(zhu)體明確。

[摘要]隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是一項復雜的(de)(de)、繁瑣的(de)(de)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)大的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中存(cun)在諸多不確定因(yin)素，可能引(yin)(yin)發安(an)全(quan)風險(xian)，危(wei)及隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)性、穩定性、可靠性。對此(ci)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位應當引(yin)(yin)入風險(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)論，結合(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目實(shi)際情況，規范(fan)、合(he)(he)理(li)(li)、科學的(de)(de)落實(shi)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，為使隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本等目標的(de)(de)順利實(shi)現創造條(tiao)件。對此(ci)，本文將結合(he)(he)公(gong)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)例，就隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作進(jin)行分(fen)析和研究。

[關鍵(jian)詞]隧(sui)道施工；安全管理；有效措(cuo)施；安全風險(xian)

安全(quan)(quan)(quan)施工(gong)(gong)是(shi)衡量(liang)隧道(dao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)水平的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)標志，它直(zhi)接關系到人身安全(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)重要(yao)設(she)備(bei)的(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)，并且(qie)與工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)密切相關。為了高質量(liang)、高效率的(de)建設(she)公路隧道(dao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，需要(yao)在隧道(dao)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)合理(li)安排和(he)落實安全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，有效控制和(he)處(chu)理(li)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患，盡量(liang)避(bi)免安全(quan)(quan)(quan)風險(xian)的(de)發生，如此不僅可以提高隧道(dao)施工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)，還能提高隧道(dao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)的(de)經濟效益(yi)[1]。所(suo)以，在公路隧道(dao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)切實有效進行安全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是(shi)非常必要(yao)的(de)。

1公路隧道工程案例說(shuo)明

重(zhong)慶(qing)市(shi)“三環十射三聯線”高(gao)(gao)速(su)公路(lu)網規劃中重(zhong)慶(qing)忠縣至萬州的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)速(su)公路(lu)段(duan)(duan)需要(yao)(yao)進行(xing)隧道工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設。此段(duan)(duan)項(xiang)目(mu)起點(dian)(dian)位(wei)于(yu)忠縣磨子(zi)鄉，通(tong)(tong)過豐忠高(gao)(gao)速(su)的(de)(de)羅家灣樞紐互通(tong)(tong)與豐忠高(gao)(gao)速(su)、墊利(li)高(gao)(gao)速(su)相接；終點(dian)(dian)位(wei)于(yu)萬州區(qu)長嶺(ling)鎮，與萬利(li)高(gao)(gao)速(su)相接；沿(yan)線主要(yao)(yao)經過西沱、鹽井等(deng)地。因此，對高(gao)(gao)速(su)公路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)規劃是沿(yan)長江(jiang)南(nan)岸布設，從西南(nan)向東北方向展開(kai)(kai)，距(ju)2.6~7.8km走廊順江(jiang)而下。另(ling)外，由于(yu)本(ben)段(duan)(duan)高(gao)(gao)速(su)工(gong)程(cheng)是三峽庫區(qu)開(kai)(kai)發的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)通(tong)(tong)道，是重(zhong)慶(qing)出渝入陜(shan)、入鄂的(de)(de)便捷通(tong)(tong)道，施工(gong)單位(wei)一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)根據(ju)地質條件(jian)(jian)、施工(gong)條件(jian)(jian)等(deng)良好(hao)的(de)(de)進行(xing)隧道工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設，促進重(zhong)慶(qing)高(gao)(gao)速(su)公路(lu)網不斷完(wan)善，實(shi)現產業(ye)互動，優勢互補，提高(gao)(gao)城市(shi)綜合競爭力，帶動庫區(qu)社會經濟全面發展。

2公路隧(sui)道施(shi)工過程中安全事故產生原因的分析

［摘要(yao)］隨著我國基建事(shi)業的(de)不斷發展(zhan)，交(jiao)通(tong)運輸行業獲得(de)了(le)空前的(de)良好發展(zhan)機遇(yu)，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路工(gong)程建設(she)量不斷增加(jia)。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路施工(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)是(shi)必須要(yao)重(zhong)視的(de)一項工(gong)作(zuo)。但(dan)是(shi)現有的(de)許多(duo)工(gong)程在施工(gong)時對(dui)于鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路施工(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)還(huan)存在許多(duo)疏漏，從(cong)而阻礙了(le)工(gong)程的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)順利施工(gong)。結合行業的(de)發展(zhan)狀況來看，必須要(yao)及時解(jie)決這方面出現的(de)問題，并提(ti)出針對(dui)性(xing)的(de)理(li)論方法并加(jia)以(yi)試驗。筆者從(cong)工(gong)程建設(she)實踐(jian)經驗著手，對(dui)提(ti)高鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路施工(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)措施開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)相關分析(xi)。

［關鍵詞］鐵路(lu)施工(gong)；安全管(guan)理；問(wen)題

近年來，我國科學技術(shu)的(de)進步(bu)發展帶來了經(jing)濟形勢的(de)良(liang)好局面，鐵(tie)路(lu)也逐漸成為人們(men)(men)出行(xing)的(de)主流，而鐵(tie)路(lu)建設的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)性(xing)也備(bei)受(shou)關注。在實際的(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)建設中(zhong)，需要通過(guo)合理的(de)監督管(guan)(guan)理來保證鐵(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工的(de)基本安(an)全(quan)(quan)，進而提高項目整體(ti)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)性(xing)。對鐵(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工安(an)全(quan)(quan)負(fu)責就是對人們(men)(men)的(de)出行(xing)安(an)全(quan)(quan)負(fu)責。但是，由于鐵(tie)路(lu)項目不(bu)同于傳統的(de)建筑(zhu)工程(cheng)(cheng)，在管(guan)(guan)理過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)存在一定的(de)復雜(za)性(xing)，因此，一線施(shi)(shi)(shi)工人員必須(xu)嚴格遵守(shou)有關管(guan)(guan)理規定，將安(an)全(quan)(quan)作業劃為施(shi)(shi)(shi)工操作紅線，預防和避(bi)免潛(qian)在的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患(huan)。

1我國鐵路施工安全(quan)管理存在的問題

1.1大部分(fen)鐵(tie)路(lu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)沒(mei)有(you)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)足夠(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)現場動(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之前，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)需要(yao)進行(xing)(xing)充分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)，鐵(tie)路(lu)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)整體建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)質量高低往(wang)往(wang)取決于(yu)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量水平(ping)。全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)前期準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)有(you)利于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度的(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速推進。從以往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)來看，鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)缺乏(fa)足夠(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，對(dui)(dui)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性認識(shi)還(huan)不(bu)到(dao)位，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)需要(yao)進行(xing)(xing)前期調(diao)試的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械設(she)備(bei)(bei)不(bu)能很(hen)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)完成準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。鐵(tie)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)牽(qian)扯到(dao)眾多系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)運用，復雜(za)度較(jiao)高，除了(le)設(she)計、監(jian)理(li)部門(men)和(he)(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)協調(diao)之外，還(huan)需要(yao)調(diao)度不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)，例如通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)和(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)號傳輸(shu)系統(tong)等。每(mei)個環節(jie)都需要(yao)相關工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)以嚴謹的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)態度面對(dui)(dui)，任(ren)何細(xi)節(jie)導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)錯誤都將影響工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)并延(yan)遲(chi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度，也將影響建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)。因此(ci)，所有(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)人(ren)員(yuan)必(bi)(bi)(bi)須(xu)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)充分(fen)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)，認真對(dui)(dui)待每(mei)一(yi)處施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)細(xi)節(jie)，為鐵(tie)路(lu)項(xiang)目施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)前期準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)[1]。1.2施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、管(guan)理(li)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)缺乏(fa)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)觀(guan)念。鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)涉及的(de)(de)(de)(de)專業知(zhi)識(shi)較(jiao)廣(guang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整個施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中必(bi)(bi)(bi)須(xu)采取嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量監(jian)管(guan)手段才能保(bao)(bao)證建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效開展。但是，由于(yu)鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)本(ben)身具有(you)周(zhou)期長(chang)，時間(jian)緊，成本(ben)高，人(ren)員(yuan)分(fen)散的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點，管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng)中容易放(fang)松，而這也會導(dao)致監(jian)管(guan)標準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)下降，進而在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)線施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中出(chu)現工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)紕漏。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位必(bi)(bi)(bi)須(xu)加強(qiang)思(si)想(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，確保(bao)(bao)“安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)第一(yi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)念深入(ru)人(ren)心。如果不(bu)重視安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)理(li)念，那么在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)期間(jian)很(hen)容易發生諸如疏于(yu)管(guan)理(li)和(he)(he)事故后責(ze)任(ren)追究(jiu)無果等問題，從而引發事故，并使得鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)隱患。因此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)任(ren)何情(qing)況下，我們必(bi)(bi)(bi)須(xu)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)與相關人(ren)員(yuan)進行(xing)(xing)及時深入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)了(le)解，加強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)和(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)理(li)念灌輸(shu)，以確保(bao)(bao)其嚴謹的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)態度。此(ci)外，有(you)必(bi)(bi)(bi)要(yao)使用有(you)針對(dui)(dui)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)劃分(fen)制(zhi)度來具體劃分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)職責(ze)，以確保(bao)(bao)責(ze)任(ren)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)出(chu)現問題時能夠(gou)(gou)對(dui)(dui)問題負責(ze)。

2加強鐵路施工(gong)安全管(guan)理(li)的(de)對(dui)策

【摘要(yao)】基于隧道(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安全(quan)(quan)管理(li)的內(nei)容(rong)，論文對隧道(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)存在(zai)的安全(quan)(quan)風(feng)險(xian)問題(ti)展開分析，同時提(ti)出了隧道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)現(xian)場控(kong)制(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。通(tong)過研究可(ke)知，安全(quan)(quan)管理(li)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量管理(li)是隧道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建設的核心管理(li)內(nei)容(rong)，為確保施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安全(quan)(quan)控(kong)制(zhi)的可(ke)靠(kao)性，還(huan)應從隧道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)技術方案、人(ren)才培訓(xun)、現(xian)場組織管理(li)等方面(mian)入手，持續健全(quan)(quan)隧道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管理(li)機制(zhi)。

【關鍵詞】隧(sui)道工(gong)程；安全風(feng)險；施(shi)工(gong)管理

1隧(sui)道(dao)施工安全管理的內容

隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是城市交通(tong)軌道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)項(xiang)目(mu)、高速(su)公路項(xiang)目(mu)、鐵路建(jian)設(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要組(zu)成(cheng)部分。相較(jiao)于普通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)，隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)所(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境較(jiao)為(wei)復(fu)雜，安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風險(xian)(xian)較(jiao)大，所(suo)以在(zai)實(shi)際施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)計中(zhong)需(xu)加強安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體內容(rong)主(zhu)要集中(zhong)在(zai)以下方(fang)(fang)面：1）設(she)(she)置(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)目(mu)標。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)應結合隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)(she)計、技術(shu)方(fang)(fang)案(an)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風險(xian)(xian)類(lei)別，靈(ling)活設(she)(she)計可參考(kao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)目(mu)標”，使施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)以此為(wei)導向，規范(fan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)作流程(cheng)，抓住(zhu)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)要點。2）確定安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)主(zhu)體。為(wei)使施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)有(you)序地完成(cheng)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開挖、爆(bao)破工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，相關人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)需(xu)提(ti)前進行隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)勘(kan)測、實(shi)地測量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，所(suo)以隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)應從該階段入手，評(ping)估(gu)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)勘(kan)測、現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活動(dong)(dong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風險(xian)(xian)，并制(zhi)訂科學(xue)、合理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)案(an)。讓一線施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)基(ji)于安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，樹立安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)意識，主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)、積(ji)極(ji)地防(fang)范(fan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風險(xian)(xian)，并且能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)在(zai)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期間(jian)快(kuai)速(su)識別安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風險(xian)(xian)，規避(bi)風險(xian)(xian)損失(shi)。3）安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風險(xian)(xian)監測。隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊性導致其(qi)風險(xian)(xian)性較(jiao)強，因此，安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風險(xian)(xian)監測同(tong)樣是隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要內容(rong)。相關人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)需(xu)借助詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)監測數據，識別、應對各(ge)類(lei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風險(xian)(xian)，制(zhi)定出利于現(xian)場安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，從而保障施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)身安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，以及隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)產(chan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，將各(ge)類(lei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風險(xian)(xian)損失(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)最小范(fan)圍內[1]。

2隧道施工存在的安全(quan)風險問題分析

2.1隧(sui)道施工方(fang)案(an)缺乏針對性

今年(nian)以來，我們以“迎國檢”為主線，推(tui)進(jin)項目建設，狠抓日常養護，強化路域環境治(zhi)理(li)，各項工作進(jin)展順(shun)利，為完(wan)成全年(nian)目標任務(wu)奠定了良好基礎。

一、上半年主(zhu)要工(gong)作完成情況

（一）抓質量，推進(jin)度(du)，著力加快項目建設。通過加大(da)征遷協調力度(du)，周塘一、二(er)便(bian)橋(qiao)(qiao)架設完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)。一橋(qiao)(qiao)橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)鋪裝及微彎板(ban)已(yi)全部拆除，主墩拆除95%，預制了5片(pian)T梁和15塊梁板(ban)底模，完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)了2個橋(qiao)(qiao)臺基礎施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，影響二(er)橋(qiao)(qiao)的軍用光(guang)纜正在(zai)(zai)(zai)簽訂遷移(yi)補(bu)償協議，待協議簽訂后即(ji)可(ke)開始二(er)橋(qiao)(qiao)拆除施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。隧(sui)道(dao)邊(bian)墻鑿(zao)除及注漿(jiang)作(zuo)業完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)，正在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)襯(chen)砌施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。S323災害(hai)防治(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程已(yi)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)70%，正在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)邊(bian)坡防護施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。S215和X054隧(sui)道(dao)安全隱患整治(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)40%，正在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)洞內裝飾及路(lu)面(mian)(mian)修補(bu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。S215和S323路(lu)面(mian)(mian)大(da)中修工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位已(yi)進(jin)場，已(yi)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)路(lu)面(mian)(mian)病(bing)害(hai)調查等前期工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，正在(zai)(zai)(zai)對局部路(lu)段病(bing)害(hai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)處理。S104線路(lu)面(mian)(mian)大(da)中修工(gong)(gong)程已(yi)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖評審，正在(zai)(zai)(zai)開展招標工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

（二）抓(zhua)競(jing)(jing)賽(sai)，嚴考(kao)核(he)，著(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)加(jia)強養護(hu)(hu)管(guan)理。圍繞“迎(ying)國檢”工作任務，進(jin)一步(bu)加(jia)大養護(hu)(hu)力(li)(li)(li)度，明確責任，落(luo)實到(dao)人。一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)加(jia)大養護(hu)(hu)考(kao)核(he)力(li)(li)(li)度。修(xiu)訂完善(shan)日常養護(hu)(hu)及(ji)小(xiao)修(xiu)考(kao)核(he)細則(ze)，按月檢查考(kao)核(he)，兌現獎懲，進(jin)一步(bu)提高養護(hu)(hu)道工出(chu)勤率和工作成效。另(ling)一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)加(jia)大路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)養護(hu)(hu)力(li)(li)(li)度。深(shen)入開展養護(hu)(hu)勞動競(jing)(jing)賽(sai)，按照“路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)邊緣線清(qing)晰、路(lu)(lu)肩(jian)整(zheng)潔平整(zheng)、邊溝(gou)涵(han)洞排水通(tong)暢(chang)、綠(lv)化(hua)修(xiu)剪整(zheng)齊”的工作目標，著(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)打造養護(hu)(hu)示范段，全力(li)(li)(li)提升路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)養護(hu)(hu)水平。同(tong)時(shi)，督促華仁、路(lu)(lu)暢(chang)公(gong)司(si)對(dui)2011年(nian)實施的大中修(xiu)工程出(chu)現的病(bing)害進(jin)行了(le)(le)處治(zhi)(zhi)。上半年(nian)，共處治(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)坑槽(cao)600平方(fang)(fang)，灌縫14050米，清(qing)理路(lu)(lu)肩(jian)及(ji)碎落(luo)臺11000米，清(qing)理邊溝(gou)2500米，清(qing)理塌方(fang)(fang)300立(li)方(fang)(fang)，對(dui)S104、S215、X054和X060沿線的綠(lv)化(hua)進(jin)行了(le)(le)全面(mian)(mian)整(zheng)修(xiu)，對(dui)全線路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)、路(lu)(lu)基(ji)病(bing)害、公(gong)路(lu)(lu)附(fu)屬設施及(ji)綠(lv)化(hua)等進(jin)行了(le)(le)全面(mian)(mian)調查統計，完成了(le)(le)迎(ying)國檢需要的各種數(shu)據(ju)及(ji)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)生(sheng)命(ming)安全防護(hu)(hu)工程數(shu)據(ju)的采集(ji)、統計和上報。

（三）抓(zhua)排查(cha)，治(zhi)(zhi)隱患，著力強(qiang)化安(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)。結合“春運”、“安(an)(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)百日(ri)攻堅”和(he)“安(an)(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)月”等活動，對(dui)公路安(an)(an)全(quan)隱患進行全(quan)面排查(cha)整治(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)項(xiang)目施(shi)(shi)工現場、養護作業現場、治(zhi)(zhi)超治(zhi)(zhi)拋(pao)現場為重點，深入(ru)落實(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)措施(shi)(shi)。同時，加大(da)汛期公路安(an)(an)全(quan)通行保(bao)障力度，進一步完(wan)善防汛搶(qiang)險應急預案，細化人(ren)員分工，機(ji)械(xie)設備、物資儲備全(quan)部落實(shi)到位(wei)，確保(bao)公路安(an)(an)全(quan)渡汛。

（四）抓整治(zhi)(zhi)，護(hu)路(lu)產，著(zhu)力鞏固路(lu)政(zheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)。深入開(kai)展路(lu)政(zheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)競賽，全面落實迎國(guo)檢(jian)任務清單。一是強(qiang)化巡(xun)(xun)查(cha)(cha)(cha)管(guan)理(li)(li)。加(jia)大巡(xun)(xun)查(cha)(cha)(cha)力度，合(he)(he)理(li)(li)有(you)效(xiao)的安排巡(xun)(xun)查(cha)(cha)(cha)計劃(hua)，確保巡(xun)(xun)查(cha)(cha)(cha)覆蓋率達到100%。同時(shi)，利用(yong)路(lu)養微(wei)(wei)信平(ping)臺，加(jia)強(qiang)互通(tong)互動(dong)，聯(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)聯(lian)(lian)動(dong)，做到信息共享(xiang)，問(wen)題共治(zhi)(zhi)，有(you)效(xiao)提高了(le)(le)巡(xun)(xun)查(cha)(cha)(cha)效(xiao)率。二(er)是強(qiang)化路(lu)域環境治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)。以S104線(xian)、S215線(xian)和X054線(xian)為重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)，列(lie)清單、明任務、樹(shu)目標(biao)，主(zhu)動(dong)聯(lian)(lian)系沿線(xian)鄉鎮及相關(guan)職能部(bu)門，爭取支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)，開(kai)展集(ji)中執法(fa)(fa)。上半年(nian)，共拆除(chu)非交(jiao)通(tong)標(biao)志90塊(kuai)，橫幅(fu)60條(tiao)，糾正修(xiu)復(fu)受(shou)損標(biao)牌46塊(kuai)，清理(li)(li)亂(luan)堆(dui)亂(luan)放800平(ping)方，制止及清理(li)(li)污染(ran)路(lu)面600多平(ping)方并(bing)督促清除(chu)污染(ran)路(lu)面行為20余起(qi)(qi)，查(cha)(cha)(cha)處路(lu)損案件5起(qi)(qi)，處罰1起(qi)(qi)擅自開(kai)挖公路(lu)行為，辦理(li)(li)2起(qi)(qi)路(lu)政(zheng)許可，對(dui)S104線(xian)違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)建筑進行了(le)(le)統計建檔，完(wan)成了(le)(le)旅(lv)游標(biao)牌的布點(dian)(dian)工作(zuo)。三(san)是強(qiang)化治(zhi)(zhi)超(chao)(chao)(chao)治(zhi)(zhi)拋(pao)。整合(he)(he)執法(fa)(fa)力量，合(he)(he)理(li)(li)安排時(shi)間，堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)治(zhi)(zhi)超(chao)(chao)(chao)治(zhi)(zhi)拋(pao)與日常巡(xun)(xun)查(cha)(cha)(cha)相結合(he)(he)，加(jia)大查(cha)(cha)(cha)違(wei)(wei)糾違(wei)(wei)力度，取得了(le)(le)較好效(xiao)果。同時(shi)，牽頭組織治(zhi)(zhi)超(chao)(chao)(chao)站、廣德治(zhi)(zhi)超(chao)(chao)(chao)站建立(li)了(le)(le)聯(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)治(zhi)(zhi)超(chao)(chao)(chao)機制，并(bing)開(kai)展跨區(qu)域聯(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)治(zhi)(zhi)超(chao)(chao)(chao)。上半年(nian)，共查(cha)(cha)(cha)處超(chao)(chao)(chao)限運輸車(che)輛60臺，卸載貨物980噸，查(cha)(cha)(cha)處嚴重(zhong)拋(pao)灑運輸車(che)輛8輛，現場教育整改(gai)輕微(wei)(wei)拋(pao)灑車(che)輛35臺。

一、整治基本情況

（一）整治重點

一是(shi)違反煙花爆竹禁限放行為整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；二是(shi)橋梁隧道安(an)(an)(an)全整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；三是(shi)燃氣安(an)(an)(an)全整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；四是(shi)地下管廊安(an)(an)(an)全整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；五是(shi)城(cheng)市排水安(an)(an)(an)全整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；六是(shi)生活(huo)垃(la)圾填埋場(chang)和渣土收(shou)納場(chang)安(an)(an)(an)全整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；七是(shi)高(gao)空廣告牌(pai)安(an)(an)(an)全整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；八是(shi)違章(zhang)搭建安(an)(an)(an)全整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；九(jiu)是(shi)綜(zong)合(he)交(jiao)通(tong)樞紐和軌道交(jiao)通(tong)安(an)(an)(an)全整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

（二）整治任務和內容

1、違反煙(yan)花(hua)爆竹禁限放行為(wei)整治。加大巡查(cha)力度，及時依法制止、查(cha)處違規銷售、燃放煙(yan)花(hua)爆竹行為(wei)。

2、橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁隧(sui)道(dao)安全(quan)整治。重點排查是否建立(li)健全(quan)城市橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁的(de)(de)檢測評估、養(yang)護維修(xiu)、應急(ji)預案、技術檔案等(deng)相關(guan)制(zhi)度，對(dui)出(chu)現安全(quan)隱(yin)患的(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁是否設置城市橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁限載、限高等(deng)標(biao)識標(biao)牌設施(shi)；是否建立(li)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁隧(sui)道(dao)突發事(shi)件(jian)的(de)(de)應急(ji)預案和實施(shi)動態的(de)(de)監管措(cuo)施(shi)。

摘要：為了提(ti)(ti)高隧(sui)道機(ji)電(dian)安裝工(gong)程的(de)(de)施工(gong)水平，結合實際在論述(shu)隧(sui)道機(ji)電(dian)安裝工(gong)程施工(gong)準備內容的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，對機(ji)電(dian)安裝工(gong)程涉及的(de)(de)安裝內容進(jin)行研究，希望可以為相關(guan)領(ling)域的(de)(de)工(gong)作人員提(ti)(ti)供(gong)參考，進(jin)而提(ti)(ti)高隧(sui)道機(ji)電(dian)系統的(de)(de)安全性(xing)和(he)穩定性(xing)。

關鍵(jian)詞：隧道工程(cheng)；機(ji)電安裝(zhuang)；施工要點

1前言

在隧道工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)中(zhong)，機(ji)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)屬于系(xi)統(tong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，機(ji)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)安(an)裝水平的(de)高低直接(jie)影響(xiang)到(dao)隧道機(ji)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)安(an)全性(xing)(xing)(xing)及穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing)。根據目(mu)前(qian)現狀可知，在機(ji)電(dian)(dian)安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段，受制于多方(fang)面因素的(de)影響(xiang)，機(ji)電(dian)(dian)安(an)裝效(xiao)果往往無法(fa)達到(dao)預(yu)期(qi)的(de)目(mu)標要求。由此，對隧道機(ji)電(dian)(dian)按照工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)重點內容進行(xing)歸納總(zong)結分析(xi)，探尋(xun)出更為科學有效(xiao)的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術方(fang)案是本(ben)文的(de)研究重點。

2安裝公路(lu)隧道機電(dian)施(shi)工準備(bei)

2.1人員與技術準(zhun)備(bei)