導(dao)語：如(ru)何才能(neng)寫(xie)好一篇鄉村(cun)振興取得的(de)成(cheng)效，這就需要搜集整理(li)更多的(de)資料和文(wen)獻(xian)，歡迎閱讀(du)由公務員之家整理(li)的(de)十(shi)篇范文(wen)，供你借鑒(jian)。

篇1

一、指導思想

以新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，全面貫徹中央、省委、州委、縣委重要會議精神和重大決策部署，緊扣全面建成小康社會、決戰脫貧攻堅，通過開展“聽黨話、感黨恩、跟黨走”宣講活動，全方位宣傳戰線我局在脫貧攻堅工作中取得的歷史性成就、發生的歷史性變化，堅定主心骨，匯聚正能量、振奮精氣神，引導廣大農民群眾堅定信心跟黨走，為決勝全面建成小康社會、決戰脫貧攻堅營造濃厚氛圍，為加快實施鄉村振興戰略(lve)、早日建(jian)成“兩地一典范、美(mei)麗新九寨”目標(biao)提供堅(jian)強思(si)想保證(zheng)和強大(da)精神動力(li)。

二、宣講內容

一是“話發展成就”，講述“三農”領域全面建成小康社會取得的非凡成(cheng)就；二是“曬幸福(fu)生(sheng)活”，講述農民群眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活發生(sheng)的(de)喜人變化；三是“講奮(fen)斗故事”，講述農民群眾(zhong)(zhong)如(ru)何靠黨的(de)好政策、憑自己的(de)勤奮(fen)努力(li)改變命(ming)運；四是“談未來夢想(xiang)”，展望實施鄉村(cun)振興(xing)戰(zhan)略(lve)、推(tui)進農業農村(cun)現代化的(de)美(mei)好愿景。

三、組織領導

為扎實開展“聽黨(dang)話、感黨(dang)恩(en)、跟黨(dang)走”宣講活動，成(cheng)立(li)以局黨(dang)組(zu)書記、局長(chang)為組(zu)長(chang)，黨(dang)組(zu)成(cheng)員、副(fu)局長(chang)為副(fu)組(zu)長(chang)，股室負(fu)責(ze)人為成(cheng)員的宣講工作領導小組(zu)。

四、宣講安排

宣講活動(dong)8月下旬(xun)啟動(dong)，10月上旬(xun)結束，分3個階段進(jin)行。

第一(yi)階(jie)段(duan)：組織(zhi)發動階(jie)段(duan)（8月26日——8月31日）。制定宣(xuan)講活(huo)動工作方案，結合(he)實際(ji)制定實施細(xi)則，由局(ju)黨組成員(yuan)帶隊(dui)(dui)、相關股室(shi)成員(yuan)配合(he)參與(yu)，組建宣(xuan)講隊(dui)(dui)伍，開展(zhan)業(ye)務培訓。

第(di)二(er)階段：宣講實施(shi)階段（9月1日——9月20日）。全面啟動(dong)宣講活動(dong)，宣講團深入農戶家中、深入農民群眾等開展宣講。

第三階段：總結上報階段（9月21日——10月上旬）。將宣講活動取得的成效及宣講(jiang)覆蓋農民群(qun)眾的情況進行總結。

五、工作要求

（一）加強領導(dao)，提(ti)高認(ren)識(shi)。切實(shi)(shi)提(ti)高政治站位，把開(kai)展(zhan)宣(xuan)講活動(dong)作為(wei)樹牢“四個意識(shi)”、堅定“四個自信(xin)”、做到“兩個維護”的(de)一項重(zhong)要政治任務，作為(wei)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)貫徹新時代(dai)中國特色社會主義思想的(de)重(zhong)要組成部分。將宣(xuan)講活動(dong)開(kai)展(zhan)情(qing)況擺上重(zhong)要議事日程，結(jie)合實(shi)(shi)際制定宣(xuan)講工作方案。

篇2

關鍵詞：鄉村(cun)振興(xing)戰略；甘肅省；農(nong)業保(bao)險

一、前言

鄉村(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)旨在推進我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)可持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，農(nong)(nong)業保(bao)險(xian)作(zuo)為(wei)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)金融體系(xi)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組成(cheng)部分，為(wei)減貧(pin)、脫貧(pin)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)了重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用。2019年(nian)，中國(guo)人民銀行等(deng)五部門聯(lian)合《關(guan)于金融服務鄉村(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興的(de)指導意(yi)見》，從(cong)建體系(xi)、抓(zhua)重(zhong)點(dian)、求創新、強基(ji)礎(chu)四個層面(mian)進行了頂層設計，并提(ti)出要(yao)持(chi)續提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)業保(bao)險(xian)保(bao)障水平，增加農(nong)(nong)保(bao)險(xian)種、有效提(ti)升覆蓋面(mian)，科學確定(ding)保(bao)費補貼(tie)機制，增加財政補貼(tie)種類(lei)，探索發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)具有地(di)方特色的(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品保(bao)險(xian)，完善農(nong)(nong)業再保(bao)險(xian)體系(xi)。甘(gan)肅(su)省作(zuo)為(wei)脫貧(pin)攻堅難度較大的(de)省份，2020年(nian)已如(ru)期(qi)完成(cheng)脫貧(pin)摘帽，但仍然要(yao)把鞏(gong)固脫貧(pin)成(cheng)果、防范(fan)返貧(pin)惡化作(zuo)為(wei)重(zhong)點(dian)工作(zuo)。因此，加強甘(gan)肅(su)省農(nong)(nong)業保(bao)險(xian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)研究，為(wei)實現(xian)鄉村(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)目標(biao)具有重(zhong)要(yao)意(yi)義。

二、甘肅省農業(ye)保險(xian)發展現狀

（一）農(nong)業(ye)保險覆蓋情(qing)況

近年(nian)(nian)來，甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)農(nong)業保(bao)險(xian)整體發展(zhan)情況良(liang)好，各項指標穩步上升，覆蓋率逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)增加。保(bao)費(fei)收(shou)入從(cong)(cong)(cong)2013年(nian)(nian)的(de)5.73億(yi)(yi)(yi)增長(chang)到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)的(de)19.13億(yi)(yi)(yi)；保(bao)費(fei)賠付(fu)額從(cong)(cong)(cong)2013年(nian)(nian)的(de)3.07億(yi)(yi)(yi)增加到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)的(de)15.72億(yi)(yi)(yi)；賠付(fu)率從(cong)(cong)(cong)2013年(nian)(nian)的(de)53.56%增加到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)的(de)79.68%；保(bao)險(xian)密度從(cong)(cong)(cong)2013年(nian)(nian)的(de)37.06元提高到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)的(de)131.52元；保(bao)險(xian)深度從(cong)(cong)(cong)2013年(nian)(nian)的(de)0.095%增加到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)的(de)0.219%。據銀保(bao)監會數據顯示，近三年(nian)(nian)甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)累計(ji)簽單保(bao)費(fei)44.5億(yi)(yi)(yi)元，共(gong)賠付(fu)28.3億(yi)(yi)(yi)元，其(qi)中直接受益農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)301.5萬戶(hu)(hu)次，有(you)(you)力支持了農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)穩定(ding)增收(shou)和特色產(chan)業的(de)良(liang)好發展(zhan)。但據甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)2020年(nian)(nian)農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)參保(bao)戶(hu)(hu)數計(ji)劃表(biao)顯示，全省(sheng)申(shen)報參加農(nong)業保(bao)險(xian)的(de)農(nong)村居民(min)7203939人、1830158戶(hu)(hu)，[1]僅占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)農(nong)村居民(min)20460133人、5055097戶(hu)(hu)的(de)35.21%和36.20%，也反映出甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)農(nong)業保(bao)險(xian)的(de)普及率還有(you)(you)著較大的(de)增長(chang)空(kong)間。

（二(er)）農(nong)業保險(xian)經營模式

農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)因農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)弱質性(xing)(xing)而(er)具有(you)收(shou)益外部性(xing)(xing)、高風險(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)、高賠付率、高技術(shu)要求等(deng)特點，被界(jie)定(ding)為半公共(gong)商(shang)品，世界(jie)各國(guo)(guo)對其發(fa)展(zhan)也都采(cai)(cai)用(yong)“市場(chang)+政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)”“自(zi)(zi)愿+強(qiang)制”的(de)(de)雙(shuang)向引導。我國(guo)(guo)自(zi)(zi)2004年(nian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行“有(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)補貼的(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)化農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)”，2007年(nian)按照“政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)引導、市場(chang)運(yun)作(zuo)、自(zi)(zi)主自(zi)(zi)愿、協(xie)同(tong)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)”的(de)(de)原(yuan)則在全國(guo)(guo)范(fan)圍推(tui)行。甘(gan)(gan)肅省農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)亦采(cai)(cai)取“市場(chang)+政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)”的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)模式(shi)，即委托(tuo)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司(si)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)，政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)給予一定(ding)的(de)(de)補貼。人保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)財(cai)(cai)險(xian)(xian)、中(zhong)華聯合財(cai)(cai)險(xian)(xian)、國(guo)(guo)壽財(cai)(cai)險(xian)(xian)、太平(ping)洋(yang)產(chan)險(xian)(xian)、平(ping)安產(chan)險(xian)(xian)、黃河財(cai)(cai)險(xian)(xian)等(deng)12家(jia)(jia)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司(si)都擔負著(zhu)甘(gan)(gan)肅省農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)，并且“每縣經(jing)(jing)辦機構原(yuan)則上2家(jia)(jia)，不超過(guo)3家(jia)(jia)”，經(jing)(jing)辦期限(xian)3年(nian)，通過(guo)競爭(zheng)性(xing)(xing)磋商(shang)等(deng)簡易程序確定(ding)服務(wu)(wu)地區，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)與地方政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)簽署(shu)戰(zhan)略(lve)合作(zuo)協(xie)議，[2]推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)防災(zai)(zai)減災(zai)(zai)、助力農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)災(zai)(zai)后(hou)恢(hui)復生產(chan)。在中(zhong)央保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)補貼支持下(xia)，2007年(nian)開始逐步推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點工作(zuo)，如2007年(nian)在甘(gan)(gan)州、安定(ding)等(deng)地試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點能繁母豬險(xian)(xian)種(zhong)，2008年(nian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辦奶牛(niu)(niu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，2010年(nian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辦玉米制種(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，2012年(nian)在天水、慶陽、平(ping)涼等(deng)地開辦森林保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)等(deng)；同(tong)時，也開發(fa)了啤酒花、藏(zang)羚羊、牦(mao)牛(niu)(niu)、青稞、馬鈴薯、中(zhong)藥(yao)材等(deng)甘(gan)(gan)肅農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)特色險(xian)(xian)種(zhong)。目前，全省政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)性(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)已多達105個，覆蓋(gai)羊、牛(niu)(niu)、薯、藥(yao)、果、蔬六大主導產(chan)業(ye)(ye)[3]。

三、鄉村振興戰略下甘肅省農業保險發展(zhan)中存在的(de)問題

具(ju)有時(shi)空(kong)差異(yi)的資源稟賦結構導致甘肅省鄉村發(fa)展的差異(yi)化分布，也(ye)使農(nong)業保險發(fa)展兼具(ju)背景性的共性問(wen)題與特性問(wen)題。

（一）甘肅省(sheng)經濟水平落后制約了農業保險發展

農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)功能的(de)(de)(de)有效發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)需要有充(chong)足的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)險(xian)保(bao)障(zhang)資(zi)金(jin)，該資(zi)金(jin)一(yi)(yi)部分來自保(bao)費(fei)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)，一(yi)(yi)部分來自投(tou)資(zi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)。目前(qian)，為引導和(he)支(zhi)持(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民參加農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)，通常由政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)為投(tou)保(bao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶提(ti)供保(bao)費(fei)補貼，這就意(yi)味著地方經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)水(shui)平(ping)好壞直接(jie)影(ying)響農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展水(shui)平(ping)。對(dui)甘(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而言，近年(nian)來，經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)總(zong)量(liang)逐年(nian)上(shang)升，但(dan)與全(quan)國(guo)(guo)其(qi)他(ta)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)份相比(bi)差距(ju)較大，長(chang)期以來經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體量(liang)位(wei)居全(quan)國(guo)(guo)末(mo)端梯隊。2020年(nian)，全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)GDP實(shi)現9016.7億元(yuan)(yuan)，實(shi)際增速3.9%，總(zong)量(liang)僅高于(yu)海南、寧(ning)夏、青海、四(si)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)區；全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人均GDP約3.41萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)，不(bu)及(ji)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)同期人均GDP水(shui)平(ping)一(yi)(yi)半。與此對(dui)應，全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)亦有限，2020年(nian)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)(yi)般公共預算收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)874.5億元(yuan)(yuan)，僅為廣東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)6.77%、浙江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)12.07%。實(shi)體經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)落后，使得投(tou)入(ru)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)資(zi)金(jin)不(bu)夠(gou)充(chong)足，嚴重(zhong)制約了(le)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。另一(yi)(yi)方面，經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展落后意(yi)味著農(nong)(nong)(nong)民收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)低，限制了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)購買積極性。統(tong)計(ji)數據顯示，2020年(nian)，甘(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村居民人均可支(zhi)配(pei)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)10344.3元(yuan)(yuan)，較2019年(nian)同比(bi)增長(chang)了(le)7.4%，但(dan)僅占全(quan)國(guo)(guo)平(ping)均水(shui)平(ping)17131元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)六成，居全(quan)國(guo)(guo)各省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)排名最低位(wei)次。這種農(nong)(nong)(nong)村居民的(de)(de)(de)低人均可支(zhi)配(pei)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)，再加上(shang)靠天吃(chi)飯的(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)觀念過于(yu)濃厚，對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)認知不(bu)充(chong)分，致使農(nong)(nong)(nong)村居民主動(dong)投(tou)保(bao)意(yi)識弱(ruo)，直接(jie)影(ying)響農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。

（二）農業保險(xian)供給(gei)力度有(you)待增強

農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，國(guo)家旨在保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護糧食安全和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，但(dan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)固有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)收益、高(gao)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、高(gao)賠(pei)付率(lv)使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盈利(li)性較差，與(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)逐(zhu)利(li)目標(biao)(biao)矛盾。為此(ci)，國(guo)家自2010年起推(tui)出(chu)多(duo)(duo)項促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稅收優(you)(you)惠政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)，如2010年5月財政(zheng)部和(he)國(guo)稅總局聯合下(xia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)《關(guan)(guan)(guan)于(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)融有(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)稅收政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)知》，對(dui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)業(ye)(ye)提(ti)供(gong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)取得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)收入(ru)(ru)，計(ji)算(suan)應納稅所得(de)額時(shi)(shi)按90%比(bi)例減(jian)計(ji)收入(ru)(ru)；保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)機構從(cong)事農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)牧(mu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)及相關(guan)(guan)(guan)技術培訓業(ye)(ye)務(wu)免征(zheng)營業(ye)(ye)稅及后續對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)值(zhi)稅。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)稅收優(you)(you)惠政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)在2017年財政(zheng)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《關(guan)(guan)(guan)于(yu)(yu)延續支(zhi)持農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)融發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)有(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)稅收政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)知》中再次延期至(zhi)2019年底(di)。此(ci)外，還允(yun)許經(jing)(jing)營政(zheng)府給(gei)予保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)補貼(tie)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司在企業(ye)(ye)所得(de)稅前(qian)扣(kou)除巨災(zai)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)準備金(jin)(jin)，具(ju)體按補貼(tie)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)收入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)25%計(ji)提(ti)。甘(gan)肅(su)省貫徹執行，即使這(zhe)(zhe)樣，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)成(cheng)本和(he)低(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)收入(ru)(ru)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)惠政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)之(zhi)比(bi)仍不(bu)(bu)及盈利(li)效應，甘(gan)肅(su)省還是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)自然災(zai)害頻(pin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)地區，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)賠(pei)付率(lv)更高(gao)一些(xie)。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)明顯抑制(zhi)了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司參與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性，整個(ge)市(shi)場政(zheng)府主導(dao)力(li)量(liang)明顯，市(shi)場自發(fa)(fa)(fa)調節力(li)度弱。與(yu)此(ci)同時(shi)(shi)，省內(nei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數據信息共享平臺尚未(wei)(wei)完全建立，容(rong)易(yi)導(dao)致(zhi)承保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方位、面積(ji)等(deng)數據不(bu)(bu)準確，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)監測設(she)施不(bu)(bu)完善，不(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)(yu)承保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行。各保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司針(zhen)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)特色(se)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)創新(xin)力(li)度也不(bu)(bu)足。目前(qian)，甘(gan)肅(su)省農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)覆(fu)蓋了包含主糧作(zuo)物(wu)、藏系養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)、森林(lin)在內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，以(yi)及包含果樹(shu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)作(zuo)物(wu)、特色(se)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)、蔬菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植等(deng)在內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特色(se)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，但(dan)大(da)多(duo)(duo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)同質化現象明顯，缺少市(shi)場競爭。同時(shi)(shi)，隨著(zhu)新(xin)型經(jing)(jing)營主體和(he)特色(se)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)林(lin)果類產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植規(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加，逐(zhu)步(bu)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)了針(zhen)對(dui)蘋(pin)果、玉米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)+期貨”試點，增(zeng)開(kai)高(gao)原夏菜(cai)(cai)、羊(yang)肚菌、枸(gou)杞(qi)、李廣杏、茶(cha)樹(shu)、湖羊(yang)、絨山羊(yang)、黑山羊(yang)等(deng)11類品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天氣、價格指(zhi)數保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；以(yi)及紅(hong)花(hua)椒、核桃、油橄欖、藜麥、金(jin)(jin)銀(yin)花(hua)、設(she)施蔬菜(cai)(cai)、中藥材(cai)等(deng)9類產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收入(ru)(ru)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)創新(xin)型險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總計(ji)20余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，僅占全部農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18%，并且很(hen)多(duo)(duo)尚處(chu)于(yu)(yu)試點環節，未(wei)(wei)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)推(tui)行，創新(xin)力(li)度明顯不(bu)(bu)足，理賠(pei)標(biao)(biao)準和(he)理賠(pei)方式上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)較大(da)差異也影(ying)響(xiang)了相關(guan)(guan)(guan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信服(fu)度與(yu)普及率(lv)。隨著(zhu)市(shi)場主體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷增(zeng)多(duo)(duo)，規(gui)模(mo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)大(da)戶越來越多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)理賠(pei)提(ti)出(chu)高(gao)要求，傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)已經(jing)(jing)無法滿(man)足農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶化解風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求。與(yu)現有(you)物(wu)價匹配的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、收入(ru)(ru)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)成(cheng)為主要需求，但(dan)現有(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)表面創新(xin)多(duo)(duo)、質變(bian)節點少，尚未(wei)(wei)涉及到深層改革(ge)，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)都(dou)從(cong)供(gong)給(gei)層面影(ying)響(xiang)著(zhu)甘(gan)肅(su)省農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可持續發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。

四、鄉村振興戰略背景下甘肅省農(nong)業保險發展對策(ce)

以鄉(xiang)村振興戰略的實施背(bei)景為依托，要想獲得甘(gan)肅省農業保險的高質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展，必須重(zhong)點解決財(cai)政補貼、需求提升和供(gong)給增(zeng)強三大問題。

（一）加快地區(qu)經濟發展，增強財政補貼(tie)力度(du)

經(jing)濟(ji)有(you)(you)效增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)是帶(dai)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)動力，而(er)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)又可以推動農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)。因此，一(yi)方(fang)面，借助“絲綢之路經(jing)濟(ji)帶(dai)”建設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊地理位置(zhi)優勢，順(shun)應國家雙循環戰(zhan)略(lve)、鄉(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)戰(zhan)略(lve)等發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)契(qi)機，積極推動省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)實(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收入，同時(shi)優化(hua)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)資源(yuan)統籌，增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)對鄉(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)等重要(yao)(yao)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)比(bi)例(li)，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)并(bing)逐步(bu)提(ti)(ti)升農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)補貼(tie)(tie)。另一(yi)方(fang)面，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)資金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)效率(lv)。作為(wei)(wei)(wei)經(jing)濟(ji)欠發(fa)達省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)區，甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)依賴(lai)程度較(jiao)高(gao)。2010-2019年(nian)(nian)，全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收入占(zhan)全國財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收入的(de)(de)(de)均值(zhi)(zhi)僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.463%，而(er)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)占(zhan)全國財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)均值(zhi)(zhi)卻(que)達到(dao)(dao)1.658%，全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)與財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收入的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)值(zhi)(zhi)從(cong)2010年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)4.153倍增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)到(dao)(dao)2019年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)4.654倍。[4]財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部數據(ju)也顯示，2013-2018年(nian)(nian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)對甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)總量(liang)（不包(bao)含稅收返(fan)還(huan)）從(cong)0.16萬億(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)到(dao)(dao)0.2萬億(yi)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)已成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)來(lai)源(yuan)。以財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)補貼(tie)(tie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)在甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)試點以來(lai)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)、市(shi)縣三(san)級(ji)(ji)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)補貼(tie)(tie)比(bi)例(li)分別約占(zhan)40%、25%、15%，2007-2019年(nian)(nian)，累計(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)補貼(tie)(tie)61.23億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，占(zhan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)收入的(de)(de)(de)83%，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)、市(shi)縣級(ji)(ji)各自累計(ji)補貼(tie)(tie)額為(wei)(wei)(wei)25.66億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、21.69億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、13.89億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，[5]中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)補貼(tie)(tie)是主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)構(gou)成(cheng)。2020年(nian)(nian)，全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)收入19.13億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，按照“財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)補貼(tie)(tie)資金(jin)(jin)計(ji)劃”，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)補貼(tie)(tie)3.49億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)補貼(tie)(tie)5.04億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，分別占(zhan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)收入的(de)(de)(de)18.24%和(he)26.35%。鄉(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)戰(zhan)略(lve)實(shi)施(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)同時(shi)，資金(jin)(jin)缺口仍需(xu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府補貼(tie)(tie)，因此，既要(yao)(yao)積極爭取中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)專項(xiang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移補貼(tie)(tie)，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)資金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)效率(lv)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)強資金(jin)(jin)使用(yong)監督(du)，避免尋租、資金(jin)(jin)缺位錯位使用(yong)情況，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)資金(jin)(jin)用(yong)在最主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)。此外，一(yi)些(xie)特(te)色(se)性(xing)、經(jing)濟(ji)價值(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)果蔬類農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品，農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)需(xu)求(qiu)受到(dao)(dao)地方(fang)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)壓力和(he)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)任務計(ji)劃限(xian)制，只能部分投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)覆蓋率(lv)較(jiao)低，亟需(xu)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)補貼(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)持續增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)。鄉(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)繼續推進“一(yi)縣一(yi)品”“一(yi)村(cun)一(yi)品”特(te)色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，相關農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)則因產(chan)品特(te)色(se)多(duo)處于創新試點環節，并(bing)由(you)縣級(ji)(ji)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)補貼(tie)(tie)，而(er)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)高(gao)貧困率(lv)意味(wei)著多(duo)數縣級(ji)(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府地方(fang)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)(you)限(xian)，無法承擔高(gao)額保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)補貼(tie)(tie)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)規(gui)模有(you)(you)限(xian)；農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)低收入也制約了自繳(jiao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)比(bi)例(li)不能太高(gao)，這(zhe)就導致“全而(er)弱(ruo)”的(de)(de)(de)惡性(xing)循環。從(cong)長(chang)遠發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)來(lai)看，甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)健康可持續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)仍需(xu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)大力扶持。

（二(er)）提升(sheng)農民需求(qiu)

提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民需求是(shi)促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)發展的(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)。按(an)照(zhao)目(mu)前甘(gan)肅省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)中(zhong)確(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)央補貼品(pin)種(zhong)，除育肥豬實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)+目(mu)標價(jia)(jia)格”保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、由農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔20%的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)以(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)，其(qi)他(ta)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)占(zhan)(zhan)比5%-30%不等(deng)(deng)(deng)。其(qi)中(zhong)，承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔比例最低(di)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)公益(yi)林，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)僅分攤5%；商(shang)品(pin)林分攤比例最高(gao)，需分攤30%；馬鈴薯、能(neng)(neng)繁(fan)母豬農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)分攤20%，玉米、棉花、冬(dong)小麥為15%，青稞、藏系羊(yang)、奶牛為10%。蘋果(guo)、中(zhong)藥(yao)材、肉(rou)牛、肉(rou)羊(yang)、蔬菜、雞等(deng)(deng)(deng)省(sheng)級(ji)補貼品(pin)種(zhong)則區分農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)貧(pin)困程(cheng)度(du)，貧(pin)困戶(hu)(hu)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔10%，非(fei)貧(pin)困戶(hu)(hu)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔20%。與(yu)此同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，作(zuo)為成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，相(xiang)(xiang)關補貼品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)額(e)根據開(kai)(kai)辦時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)物化成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)確(que)定(ding)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)300元(yuan)到10000元(yuan)不等(deng)(deng)(deng)，費(fei)率(lv)(lv)從(cong)(cong)(cong)2%到6%不等(deng)(deng)(deng)。據統(tong)計，2007年，全(quan)省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)自(zi)籌(chou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)546萬元(yuan)，占(zhan)(zhan)總保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)收入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)13%；2019年，自(zi)籌(chou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)33380萬元(yuan)，占(zhan)(zhan)比20%；2007-2019年間(jian)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)累(lei)計自(zi)籌(chou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)12.02億元(yuan)，僅占(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)收入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)16.3%[6]。傳(chuan)統(tong)補貼品(pin)種(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)額(e)與(yu)現(xian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)物價(jia)(jia)增長速度(du)的(de)(de)(de)脫節，使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)享受低(di)費(fei)率(lv)(lv)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，又認(ren)為成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)投(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)和(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)賠(pei)付之(zhi)間(jian)有(you)差距(ju)，尤其(qi)是(shi)設(she)施投(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)經濟價(jia)(jia)值農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)，更(geng)因保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障程(cheng)度(du)不高(gao)而(er)降低(di)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)意(yi)愿。這就需要依托鄉村(cun)(cun)振興(xing)戰略，在產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)脫貧(pin)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上積(ji)極推行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)振興(xing)，提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)手工技能(neng)(neng)，增加(jia)(jia)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)從(cong)(cong)(cong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工資(zi)收入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)和(he)財產凈(jing)收入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)可持續(xu)(xu)地提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)可支(zhi)配收入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)，在現(xian)有(you)消費(fei)基(ji)礎上滿足(zu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)費(fei)用(yong)開(kai)(kai)支(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)增長，從(cong)(cong)(cong)根源上緩(huan)解甘(gan)肅省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)率(lv)(lv)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)狀。此外(wai)(wai)，還需加(jia)(jia)大(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)宣傳(chuan)力度(du)，改善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)傳(chuan)統(tong)“認(ren)栽”觀(guan)念。在偏遠農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)地區，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)普及(ji)力度(du)并(bing)不樂觀(guan)，一些農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)只知道(dao)社保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)知之(zhi)甚(shen)少。因此，在鄉村(cun)(cun)振興(xing)戰略持續(xu)(xu)推進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)環境下，鄉村(cun)(cun)干部以(yi)(yi)及(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)相(xiang)(xiang)關部門工作(zuo)人員應深入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)村(cun)(cun)社，積(ji)極開(kai)(kai)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)普及(ji)宣講會，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)們講解農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知識和(he)理賠(pei)案例，通(tong)過淺顯易懂的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)讓農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)意(yi)識到“以(yi)(yi)小換大(da)”的(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)防范重(zhong)要性，了解農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)，積(ji)極配合國家政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)順利開(kai)(kai)展，增強(qiang)參保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)積(ji)極主動性。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，利用(yong)“抖音”、“快(kuai)手”等(deng)(deng)(deng)民間(jian)流行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)并(bing)易于(yu)接(jie)受的(de)(de)(de)短(duan)視頻方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，找當(dang)地已參加(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)并(bing)獲益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)做代言(yan)，多(duo)做產品(pin)介(jie)紹和(he)優惠政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)宣傳(chuan)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)率(lv)(lv)。

（三）提高保險公司(si)供給(gei)積極性

1.繼(ji)續(xu)推(tui)(tui)行并(bing)落實(shi)財(cai)政(zheng)部規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)有關促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)稅(shui)收優惠政(zheng)策，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)稅(shui)收服(fu)(fu)務(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)量，營(ying)造(zao)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)稅(shui)收營(ying)商環境，鼓勵并(bing)吸(xi)引(yin)(yin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)，提(ti)(ti)供更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)，積(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)協助甘肅省(sheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振興戰(zhan)略的(de)(de)(de)落實(shi)。2.引(yin)(yin)入(ru)更完(wan)善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)競(jing)(jing)爭機(ji)制(zhi)，建立多(duo)元主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)市場(chang)。截至目前(qian)，甘肅省(sheng)尚未有專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)性的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)由(you)綜(zong)合(he)性商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司經(jing)(jing)營(ying)，并(bing)只占各(ge)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)部分(fen)，這就使(shi)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)性欠缺(que)，在產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)設計和(he)費率厘定(ding)及條款(kuan)制(zhi)定(ding)上(shang)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)性不強(qiang)(qiang)，提(ti)(ti)供服(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)性和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量也劣于專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)性農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司。未來可以在提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、確保(bao)(bao)(bao)并(bing)增加(jia)地方補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，吸(xi)引(yin)(yin)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)性農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司來甘肅拓展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)，增加(jia)市場(chang)競(jing)(jing)爭力，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)量。3.規范(fan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)管理(li)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)理(li)賠(pei)效率和(he)精(jing)(jing)準度(du)。《關于金融服(fu)(fu)務(wu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振興的(de)(de)(de)指導意見》中指出，地方政(zheng)府要結(jie)合(he)自身財(cai)政(zheng)情(qing)況增加(jia)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)，引(yin)(yin)導保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)機(ji)構到農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)基(ji)層網(wang)點(dian)，下沉(chen)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)重心，開(kai)拓新(xin)(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)試(shi)點(dian)范(fan)圍(wei)。因此，一是(shi)(shi)甘肅省(sheng)政(zheng)府要進一步結(jie)合(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振興發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需求，科學確定(ding)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)機(ji)制(zhi)，推(tui)(tui)動“以獎代(dai)補(bu)”政(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)點(dian)；二是(shi)(shi)現有從事農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)家(jia)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司應(ying)加(jia)大對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)險(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)重視，積(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)創新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)類型，增加(jia)對(dui)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振興中“一村(cun)(cun)一品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)”的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)特(te)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)，明確理(li)賠(pei)范(fan)圍(wei)，做到精(jing)(jing)、準、細。在現有成(cheng)本保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，試(shi)點(dian)產(chan)(chan)量指數保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、價(jia)(jia)格(ge)指數保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、“保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)+期貨（權）”等產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)形式的(de)(de)(de)格(ge)局中，根據保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)對(dui)象的(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊性，試(shi)點(dian)成(cheng)熟后(hou)逐步推(tui)(tui)廣普及。三(san)是(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)理(li)賠(pei)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)量，及時賠(pei)付，增強(qiang)(qiang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)信譽度(du)，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶投保(bao)(bao)(bao)熱情(qing)。四是(shi)(shi)利用互聯網(wang)技術，拓展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)宣(xuan)傳、開(kai)發創新(xin)(xin)，完(wan)善(shan)省(sheng)內“互聯網(wang)+農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)”的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)模(mo)式，推(tui)(tui)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)承保(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)子化發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。

參考文獻

[1]甘(gan)肅省農業(ye)農村(cun)廳關于(yu)提前下達(da)2019年中央財(cai)政農業(ye)生(sheng)產發展專項(xiang)轉移支付資金計劃(hua)的(de)通知(zhi)

[2]甘(gan)肅省保險行業協會.甘(gan)肅省農業農村廳(ting)組織召開農業保險工作聯席會議(yi)[OL/ED].

[3]王曼麗.甘肅省政策性農(nong)業保(bao)險(xian)效率評價(jia)及(ji)影響(xiang)因(yin)素研究[D].2021年甘肅農(nong)業大學碩(shuo)士論文，第18頁；

[4]李永海、潘菊霞.甘肅省(sheng)財(cai)政轉移支付對居民收入差距的影響研究(jiu)[J].隴(long)東(dong)學院學報2021（5）：33-37；

[5]王曼麗.甘肅省政策性農業保險(xian)效率評價及影響因素研究[D].2021年甘肅農業大學碩士論文，第19頁；

篇3

[關鍵詞]坪頭村；災后重建；發展(zhan)模式(shi)

鳳(feng)儀(yi)鎮(zhen)坪(ping)(ping)頭(tou)村(cun)位于阿壩州茂縣(xian)縣(xian)城(cheng)西岸，距成都188公里，國道(dao)(dao)213線橫貫全境，交通便利，區位優勢明(ming)顯。在(zai)“5.12”汶川(chuan)特大地(di)震中，該村(cun)90%以上的(de)房屋嚴重受損或倒(dao)塌，通村(cun)道(dao)(dao)路全部毀損，農(nong)業收入幾乎為(wei)零，直接(jie)經濟(ji)損失達(da)257萬余元。在(zai)災(zai)難面前，鳳(feng)儀(yi)鎮(zhen)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)、政(zheng)府(fu)及坪(ping)(ping)頭(tou)村(cun)兩委(wei)(wei)會發(fa)揚偉大的(de)抗震救災(zai)精神(shen)，不等不靠、自(zi)力更(geng)生、奮力爬坡，搶抓被(bei)列為(wei)全州城(cheng)鄉(xiang)統籌(chou)發(fa)展(zhan)試點村(cun)和精品(pin)旅游村(cun)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)機遇，認真貫徹落(luo)實(shi)了(le)(le)省委(wei)(wei)、省政(zheng)府(fu)提(ti)出的(de)“就(jiu)近、就(jiu)地(di)、分散和原(yuan)宅(zhai)基地(di)重建(jian)”的(de)安置(zhi)原(yuan)則，按照提(ti)高村(cun)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)布(bu)局水平(ping)，提(ti)高村(cun)落(luo)規劃水平(ping)，提(ti)高居(ju)民居(ju)住水平(ping)的(de)村(cun)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)規劃要求，全面加(jia)(jia)快新農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設步伐(fa)，在(zai)加(jia)(jia)快推進發(fa)展(zhan)新跨越的(de)過程中取(qu)得了(le)(le)令世人矚目的(de)可(ke)喜成績，樹立起(qi)了(le)(le)新農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設的(de)一面旗幟(zhi)。

一、坪頭村災后(hou)恢復重建(jian)的基本做(zuo)法

坪頭村全村轄3個村民小組，551戶1824人(ren)，是一個典(dian)型的(de)(de)羌民族聚居村。現(xian)有耕地1200余畝，主產甜櫻桃、枇(pi)杷(pa)、葡(pu)萄等特(te)優(you)水果和無公害蔬菜，2007年該村農(nong)業總產值為1750萬元，人(ren)均(jun)純收(shou)入(ru)達(da)3500元。經過近(jin)三(san)年的(de)(de)努力(li)，形成了(le)獨具羌民族特(te)色的(de)(de)民居、錯(cuo)落有致的(de)(de)村莊布局、干凈整潔的(de)(de)村容村貌、幽雅恬靜的(de)(de)桃源風情(qing)的(de)(de)整體(ti)布局。

（一）理清思路，高(gao)起點謀(mou)劃發展定位

“思(si)(si)路(lu)(lu)決(jue)定出路(lu)(lu)”。在(zai)災(zai)后重建過(guo)程中，坪頭村(cun)兩(liang)(liang)委班子(zi)在(zai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鄉(xiang)兩(liang)(liang)級黨(dang)委、政府(fu)的(de)領導下，打破簡(jian)單(dan)原樣復制的(de)束(shu)縛，認真分析面臨(lin)的(de)挑戰和機(ji)遇(yu)，思(si)(si)索長遠發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)方(fang)向和路(lu)(lu)子(zi)。在(zai)考察學習了云(yun)南麗江古城(cheng)(cheng)、束(shu)河古鎮等(deng)(deng)地(di)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)統(tong)籌、城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)規(gui)劃和旅游(you)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)后，大(da)家(jia)深深地(di)意識到僅(jin)僅(jin)依(yi)靠傳統(tong)農業(ye)(ye)難(nan)以實(shi)現跨(kua)越(yue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)要求。坪頭未來(lai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)優(you)勢有哪些？出路(lu)(lu)在(zai)哪里？幾經反復，最終確立(li)(li)了依(yi)托(tuo)毗(pi)鄰茂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)、國(guo)道(dao)213線橫貫(guan)全境和九寨、黃(huang)龍(long)交通樞紐的(de)區位(wei)優(you)勢，發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)以鄉(xiang)村(cun)酒店(dian)、農家(jia)樂(le)(le)、餐飲(yin)娛樂(le)(le)、休(xiu)閑(xian)為(wei)一體的(de)鄉(xiang)村(cun)游(you)的(de)災(zai)后經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)模式(shi)，立(li)(li)足實(shi)際培育優(you)勢產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，促進(jin)群(qun)眾持續(xu)穩定增收。思(si)(si)路(lu)(lu)確定后，發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)另一個(ge)關鍵(jian)就在(zai)于定位(wei)。茂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府(fu)高起(qi)點謀(mou)劃坪頭村(cun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，傾力打造“集休(xiu)閑(xian)、觀(guan)光、中轉、教育、度假等(deng)(deng)功能為(wei)一體的(de)旅游(you)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)高地(di)”。錯位(wei)思(si)(si)考后的(de)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)模式(shi)，高點定位(wei)后的(de)跨(kua)越(yue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)目(mu)標，引領災(zai)后的(de)坪頭村(cun)在(zai)廢墟上崛(jue)起(qi)，穩步邁(mai)入經濟(ji)社會可(ke)持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)快車道(dao)。

（二）因地制宜(yi)，高標準規劃發(fa)展布局

該村在重建中(zhong)，始終堅持“科學重建”理念，切實做(zuo)到整體(ti)推進。一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)根據(ju)三個自然組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu)特(te)點，合(he)理布置(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)業發展結構，以(yi)離縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)最近的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坪頭(tou)(tou)組(zu)(zu)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心，輻射帶動(dong)(dong)其(qi)他小組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展。具(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃是(shi)：坪頭(tou)(tou)組(zu)(zu)全力打(da)造以(yi)鄉村酒店、餐飲、休(xiu)閑娛樂為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鄉村游(you)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)；波西組(zu)(zu)，根據(ju)縣(xian)(xian)上羌城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)打(da)造，建設(she)為(wei)(wei)以(yi)羌文化旅游(you)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旅游(you)和餐飲服(fu)務(wu)區(qu)；橋頭(tou)(tou)組(zu)(zu)，根據(ju)其(qi)地(di)處九環線公(gong)路(lu)要(yao)道和臨近縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，集中(zhong)發展第三產(chan)業。同時(shi)，在村莊建設(she)中(zhong)，突出(chu)羌民族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統特(te)色，把坪頭(tou)(tou)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)處農(nong)房建設(she)為(wei)(wei)精品民居，合(he)理配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)共設(she)施，運(yun)動(dong)(dong)場、衛生室、停車場、聯(lian)戶公(gong)路(lu)、人(ren)畜飲水管理、KTV、啤酒長廊等渾然一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)個全新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坪頭(tou)(tou)新農(nong)村在歷(li)經災害后以(yi)更加秀美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姿顏展現在世人(ren)面前。

（三）整合資源，高(gao)效率創(chuang)新發展(zhan)體制

坪頭(tou)具(ju)有得天獨(du)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)位優勢(shi)、資(zi)(zi)源優勢(shi)和人文(wen)優勢(shi)，建設(she)(she)“天下(xia)第一(yi)羌(qiang)寨(zhai)”最為(wei)匱乏的(de)(de)(de)(de)是資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)和項目。茂縣縣委(wei)、政(zheng)府和坪頭(tou)村(cun)(cun)(cun)兩(liang)委(wei)會大(da)膽創(chuang)新發展(zhan)機制、體制，多(duo)管(guan)齊(qi)下(xia)，有效(xiao)整合各(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)力量，走出(chu)(chu)了(le)一(yi)條適合坪頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)之路(lu)。一(yi)是勇于“走出(chu)(chu)去(qu)”、善于“引進來”，積極與外地實(shi)力雄厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企業聯(lian)姻，按照“村(cun)(cun)(cun)兩(liang)委(wei)+公司+農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)思路(lu)，組(zu)建“茂縣水風羌(qiang)寨(zhai)文(wen)化旅游有限公司”，以公司化的(de)(de)(de)(de)經營模式(shi)，全力打造(zao)坪頭(tou)新村(cun)(cun)(cun)。二是通過“政(zheng)府補貼一(yi)點、農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)自籌一(yi)點、銀(yin)行貸(dai)款(kuan)一(yi)點”的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，高效(xiao)整合各(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)，有效(xiao)解決(jue)(jue)了(le)基礎設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)、風貌改(gai)造(zao)、設(she)(she)備購置等資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)不足的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。該村(cun)(cun)(cun)風貌改(gai)造(zao)等資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)主要(yao)依靠災后村(cun)(cun)(cun)莊(zhuang)保護(hu)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)解決(jue)(jue)，而鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)酒店內裝修(xiu)及(ji)設(she)(she)備購置資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)則由符(fu)合條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民委(wei)托茂縣水風羌(qiang)寨(zhai)公司在縣農(nong)行爭取的(de)(de)(de)(de)每戶(hu)(hu)50萬元農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)個(ge)人生產經營性貸(dai)款(kuan)予以解決(jue)(jue)，其他農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)小額貸(dai)款(kuan)主要(yao)滿足從事農(nong)業及(ji)其他生產經營的(de)(de)(de)(de)融資(zi)(zi)需(xu)求，重點扶持優勢(shi)農(nong)產品種養殖大(da)戶(hu)(hu)、羌(qiang)家(jia)樂(le)經營戶(hu)(hu)和農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)流通領(ling)域個(ge)體工商(shang)戶(hu)(hu)或個(ge)人獨(du)資(zi)(zi)微型企業。這樣，就徹底打破了(le)制約發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)瓶頸(jing)，走出(chu)(chu)了(le)一(yi)條符(fu)合各(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)融資(zi)(zi)之路(lu)。

二、坪(ping)頭村災后恢復(fu)重建(jian)取得(de)的成效

（一）立足資源優勢，實現可持(chi)續發展

坪(ping)頭村(cun)有著比較豐富(fu)的自然(ran)資(zi)源、人(ren)文(wen)資(zi)源和旅(lv)(lv)游(you)資(zi)源。基于這種優勢(shi)，一方面(mian)，通過(guo)整合農業(ye)生產(chan)資(zi)源，推動了(le)農業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)化發展(zhan)進程，在解決了(le)農副產(chan)品的銷售(shou)問題的同時(shi)，又為傳(chuan)統(tong)農業(ye)向現代農業(ye)轉(zhuan)變探索出了(le)新途徑。另(ling)一方面(mian)，下大力氣提(ti)升旅(lv)(lv)游(you)檔次，改善旅(lv)(lv)游(you)產(chan)業(ye)結構(gou)。堅持“在開(kai)發中保護，在保護中開(kai)發”的理(li)念，充(chong)分(fen)挖掘(jue)、整合、發揮自己(ji)的優勢(shi)，積極主動搶(qiang)占市場，在體現羌民族(zu)特(te)色的同時(shi)，實(shi)現了(le)經濟社會的全面(mian)可持續發展(zhan)。

（二）著眼長遠發展，實現管(guan)理(li)科學規范

硬件(jian)(jian)設施(shi)上(shang)去了(le)(le)，發(fa)(fa)展的(de)關鍵就在于(yu)軟件(jian)(jian)提(ti)(ti)升。為了(le)(le)真正打響4A級鄉村(cun)旅游品牌，該(gai)村(cun)由村(cun)兩委(wei)牽頭(tou)，全村(cun)農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)以土(tu)地和住房(fang)(fang)自(zi)愿入股(gu)，公(gong)司統一租(zu)賃，再以相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)價(jia)(jia)格出租(zu)給(gei)茂縣(xian)水風羌寨有限公(gong)司等經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)商，由經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)商將(jiang)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)改(gai)造成(cheng)鄉村(cun)旅游酒(jiu)店，用(yong)于(yu)接(jie)待旅客。由公(gong)司支(zhi)付房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)及(ji)門前果園每月每平方6元的(de)租(zu)金(jin)，考(kao)慮(lv)到農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)急(ji)需公(gong)司一次(ci)性(xing)將(jiang)5年的(de)租(zu)金(jin)支(zhi)付給(gei)村(cun)民。入股(gu)后的(de)農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)按成(cheng)本價(jia)(jia)在村(cun)集體統規統建(jian)的(de)安居(ju)點購買房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)居(ju)住，購買房(fang)(fang)款使用(yong)已到手的(de)租(zu)金(jin)即(ji)可(ke)解(jie)決，通過這種(zhong)方式實現了(le)(le)產權(quan)的(de)資本化運作。對于(yu)未入股(gu)又具備經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)條件(jian)(jian)的(de)農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)，則由農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)先行在縣(xian)工商局進行個(ge)體工商戶(hu)(hu)注冊(ce)，再向(xiang)村(cun)兩委(wei)會提(ti)(ti)出申(shen)請，兩委(wei)會按其(qi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)場所(suo)的(de)硬件(jian)(jian)設施(shi)、接(jie)待能力統一規定經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)價(jia)(jia)格，有效避免了(le)(le)村(cun)民之間(jian)為謀(mou)取個(ge)人利益而進行惡意競爭的(de)現象發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。同(tong)時，符(fu)合條件(jian)(jian)的(de)農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)向(xiang)公(gong)司提(ti)(ti)出申(shen)請，參與到經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)活動(dong)中，領取相(xiang)應的(de)報酬。

（三）注重工作(zuo)實(shi)效，實(shi)現群眾根本利益

該(gai)村(cun)在鄉村(cun)旅游產業的經營管理模式(shi)，立足長(chang)遠(yuan)，注(zhu)重(zhong)實效，既解(jie)決了經營過(guo)程中有(you)序競爭的問題(ti)，又讓農(nong)戶(hu)有(you)長(chang)期(qi)的經濟收益，較好(hao)地實現了帶動群(qun)眾快速致(zhi)富(fu)和保持(chi)市場長(chang)期(qi)繁(fan)榮的有(you)機(ji)統一(yi)，破(po)解(jie)了后續(xu)管理的難題(ti)，使(shi)其進入(ru)良性(xing)循環的發展(zhan)軌道(dao)。據統計，公司從今年(nian)5月(yue)中旬開始正式(shi)營業，截至(zhi)10月(yue)份(fen)，扣除213國道(dao)遭受泥石(shi)流沖毀(hui)等因素的影響(xiang)，累計接待游客約(yue)2000多人次，經營性(xing)收入(ru)達200余萬；今年(nian)前三(san)季度(du)該(gai)村(cun)農(nong)業總產值達2120萬元(yuan)，人均(jun)純收入(ru)達4180元(yuan)，比2007年(nian)震前同(tong)期(qi)相比，分別增加18% 和6%，較上年(nian)度(du)同(tong)期(qi)增加9%和12%。

三、坪(ping)頭(tou)村災后恢復重建的啟示

（一）科學完善規劃方案，有(you)效的資金運作是推動(dong)各項(xiang)建設工作的前提

坪頭(tou)村(cun)(cun)(cun)之所(suo)以能在災后(hou)重(zhong)建(jian)中一躍成為(wei)全州新農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設的(de)尖兵，最(zui)根本(ben)的(de)是(shi)該(gai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)充分利用了(le)(le)其地(di)處城鄉(xiang)結合部和大九(jiu)寨(zhai)旅游(you)環線的(de)區位優勢，堅持走城鄉(xiang)統(tong)籌的(de)可持續發展之路，以風(feng)貌(mao)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)為(wei)契機，合理規劃村(cun)(cun)(cun)莊(zhuang)布(bu)局，積(ji)極實(shi)施基(ji)礎設施建(jian)設，完善(shan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)莊(zhuang)公共服務功能和水(shui)平，成功將(jiang)羌民族傳統(tong)文化元素與現代(dai)建(jian)設技(ji)術融為(wei)一體，傾力(li)打(da)造(zao)(zao)“水(shui)風(feng)羌城”，縮小了(le)(le)城鄉(xiang)差別。以星級標準裝修(xiu)的(de)碉樓式(shi)樣、精(jing)致的(de)木柵欄(lan)圍成的(de)庭院(yuan)、一扇(shan)扇(shan)張開犄角的(de)羊頭(tou)窗、古樸的(de)木門(men)，坪頭(tou)發展的(de)成功經驗，再一次(ci)表明了(le)(le)新農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設必須突出(chu)自身特色，找準發展定位，統(tong)一規劃方案。

坪(ping)頭“天下(xia)第一羌寨”的(de)成(cheng)功(gong)(gong)打(da)造，得益于(yu)其創新發(fa)展(zhan)機制體制，積極引進(jin)(jin)(jin)公司化經營(ying)模式(shi)，通過貸款、引資(zi)等方式(shi)加大融資(zi)力(li)度(du)，“借雞下(xia)蛋”增(zeng)強(qiang)自身造血功(gong)(gong)能(neng)，有效解決了“無錢辦事”的(de)難題。同時(shi)，通過自愿(yuan)入股、務工就業(ye)等方式(shi)，為(wei)廣(guang)大村民找到災后(hou)新的(de)經濟增(zeng)長點。當前新一輪西部大開發(fa)、藏(zang)區跨越發(fa)展(zhan)、擴(kuo)大內需、“十二(er)五”規劃的(de)實施等一系列千載難逢的(de)歷史機遇，必將為(wei)新農(nong)村建設(she)注入更(geng)多的(de)資(zi)金，只(zhi)有有效地對各(ge)類項目、各(ge)種資(zi)金進(jin)(jin)(jin)行整合，發(fa)揮資(zi)金使用的(de)疊加效應(ying)，才能(neng)更(geng)好(hao)地促進(jin)(jin)(jin)新農(nong)村建設(she)的(de)整體推進(jin)(jin)(jin)。

（二(er)）加強(qiang)基(ji)層組織建設，發揮群眾(zhong)主體作(zuo)用是推動各項(xiang)建設工作(zuo)的基(ji)礎

坪(ping)頭(tou)村(cun)搶抓災后重建機遇，大力(li)振興鄉村(cun)旅游產業，用最短的(de)時間創造了一(yi)個(ge)又一(yi)個(ge)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)奇跡，關鍵在于有(you)一(yi)個(ge)堅強(qiang)的(de)領導(dao)集體，有(you)一(yi)個(ge)好的(de)領頭(tou)人。該村(cun)兩委班(ban)(ban)子(zi)(zi)把可持續發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)理(li)念融入到新(xin)農村(cun)的(de)建設(she)中，堅持不懈地發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)村(cun)級經濟，帶領全村(cun)群眾共同致(zhi)富奔小(xiao)康，在不斷地探索(suo)實(shi)踐中，探索(suo)出了適合坪(ping)頭(tou)村(cun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)經濟模式，實(shi)現了全村(cun)共同致(zhi)富的(de)夢想。坪(ping)頭(tou)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)歷(li)程啟示我們，加強(qiang)新(xin)農村(cun)建設(she)必(bi)須選好配強(qiang)村(cun)兩委班(ban)(ban)子(zi)(zi)，切實(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮以村(cun)黨支部(bu)為核(he)心的(de)村(cun)級組織的(de)戰斗(dou)堡壘(lei)作用，不斷增強(qiang)其戰斗(dou)力(li)、向心力(li)和凝聚力(li)。

人是社(she)會活(huo)動(dong)中(zhong)最(zui)活(huo)躍(yue)的(de)因(yin)(yin)素(su)。坪(ping)頭村(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)分(fen)尊重(zhong)群眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)意愿的(de)前提下，采取“政府(fu)規劃(hua)作(zuo)引(yin)導(dao)、群眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)自主搞(gao)經(jing)營”模式，積極引(yin)導(dao)廣(guang)大群眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)統一思想、主動(dong)參與、自覺融入、形(xing)成合力(li)，發揚艱(jian)苦奮斗、團結協作(zuo)，不畏艱(jian)險、勇往直(zhi)前的(de)精(jing)神，攜(xie)手(shou)共建和諧自然(ran)、生活(huo)富裕、精(jing)神充(chong)實(shi)的(de)新家園，攜(xie)手(shou)共創坪(ping)頭美好新明(ming)天。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，要(yao)把發展好、維護好、實(shi)現好農(nong)民的(de)根本利(li)益放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)首位，充(chong)分(fen)發揮(hui)農(nong)民群眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)新農(nong)村(cun)建設中(zhong)的(de)主體作(zuo)用，真正把權力(li)交給(gei)農(nong)民，充(chong)分(fen)激(ji)發農(nong)村(cun)發展活(huo)力(li)。

（三）加大(da)管理(li)規范力度，創(chuang)新(xin)發展模式(shi)是新(xin)農村建設的(de)必然要求

篇4

**縣是國(guo)家(jia)扶(fu)貧開發工作重(zhong)點縣，地(di)處云(yun)貴交界，是云(yun)南(nan)的東(dong)大(da)門，全(quan)(quan)縣國(guo)土面積(ji)*平方公里，轄(xia)9鎮1鄉2街道、*個(ge)(ge)村（社(she)區）、*個(ge)(ge)自然村，2018年(nian)末戶籍人(ren)口*人(ren)。**境內煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)資源豐(feng)富，是全(quan)(quan)國(guo)100個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)點產(chan)(chan)煤(mei)(mei)縣之一，全(quan)(quan)省重(zhong)要(yao)的煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)能(neng)源基地(di)縣，**魔芋和(he)**烏(wu)豬(zhu)(zhu)兩個(ge)(ge)地(di)方品牌享譽全(quan)(quan)國(guo)，**烏(wu)豬(zhu)(zhu)是國(guo)家(jia)兩個(ge)(ge)地(di)方生豬(zhu)(zhu)優(you)良品種之一。近年(nian)來，**深入推進(jin)新(xin)型工業(ye)化(hua)、新(xin)型城(cheng)鎮化(hua)“兩輪驅動(dong)”戰略，大(da)力推動(dong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)轉型升級(ji)，奮(fen)力譜寫(xie)經濟社(she)會發展，2018年(nian)，全(quan)(quan)縣地(di)區生產(chan)(chan)總值(zhi)完成155.3億元，一般公共預算收(shou)入12.34億元，農(nong)村居民人(ren)均可支配收(shou)入12473元。

2014年以來，**縣(xian)以脫(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)攻(gong)堅統領經濟(ji)社會發展全(quan)局，精(jing)準(zhun)聚(ju)焦8個(ge)(ge)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)鄉鎮（街道）、130個(ge)(ge)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)村(cun)，建檔(dang)立卡貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)人(ren)口25728戶111138人(ren)，深入落實五個(ge)(ge)精(jing)準(zhun)、六個(ge)(ge)一批，在(zai)全(quan)縣(xian)干(gan)部群(qun)眾的(de)(de)努力奮(fen)斗下(xia)，在(zai)社會各界的(de)(de)關心支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)下(xia)，至(zhi)(zhi)2018年末，實現22861戶100821人(ren)穩定脫(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)，115個(ge)(ge)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)村(cun)脫(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)出列，貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)發生率由2014年的(de)(de)16.1%降至(zhi)(zhi)1.5%，2019年4月30日，經省(sheng)人(ren)民政府批準(zhun)退(tui)出貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)縣(xian)系列。2017年以來，上海市**區結對幫(bang)(bang)扶(fu)**縣(xian)，在(zai)為期3年的(de)(de)滬滇協(xie)作扶(fu)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)工作中，在(zai)資(zi)金(jin)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)、人(ren)才交流、產業幫(bang)(bang)扶(fu)、勞務對接等方面給予了**縣(xian)極大的(de)(de)幫(bang)(bang)助和支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)。

一、滬(hu)滇扶貧協作工作開展情況

**縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)政府高度重視(shi)滬滇扶(fu)貧(pin)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，緊(jin)緊(jin)圍(wei)繞(rao)產(chan)業(ye)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、勞務(wu)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、人才(cai)支援(yuan)、農(nong)村建設、資(zi)金支持、攜手奔(ben)小(xiao)(xiao)康(kang)行動六個方面，密切加強與**區(qu)委、區(qu)政府、**區(qu)張廟街道、淞(song)南(nan)(nan)鎮(zhen)以及(ji)**區(qu)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)交(jiao)流辦、教育局、衛計委等(deng)相關部(bu)門的交(jiao)流協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。三(san)年(nian)(nian)來，累(lei)計投入幫(bang)(bang)(bang)扶(fu)資(zi)金7621萬元，實施幫(bang)(bang)(bang)扶(fu)項目113個；**扶(fu)貧(pin)干(gan)部(bu)、黨政干(gan)部(bu)、專(zhuan)技人員等(deng)共13批70人次到(dao)**參(can)加培(pei)訓(xun)、6名年(nian)(nian)輕干(gan)部(bu)到(dao)**掛職(zhi)鍛(duan)煉，7名專(zhuan)業(ye)人才(cai)到(dao)上(shang)海進修；組織(zhi)了(le)(le)58個滬滇勞務(wu)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)招(zhao)聘專(zhuan)場，進行了(le)(le)2234人“訂單式”勞動技能精(jing)準培(pei)訓(xun)，連續兩年(nian)(nian)設置(zhi)1000個公共服務(wu)崗(gang)位，實現(xian)了(le)(le)2650人勞動力輸出(chu)(chu)；**區(qu)張廟街道與**縣(xian)(xian)后(hou)所鎮(zhen)連續兩年(nian)(nian)簽訂“攜手奔(ben)小(xiao)(xiao)康(kang)”協(xie)議，上(shang)海市**區(qu)淞(song)南(nan)(nan)鎮(zhen)、上(shang)海電氣集團等(deng)16家企(qi)業(ye)與**縣(xian)(xian)36個深度貧(pin)困(kun)村結成“攜手奔(ben)小(xiao)(xiao)康(kang)”幫(bang)(bang)(bang)扶(fu)對(dui)子；組織(zhi)搭建**農(nong)特產(chan)品銷(xiao)售渠道，舉辦對(dui)口(kou)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)扶(fu)地(di)區(qu)展銷(xiao)會(hui)，召開上(shang)海電商企(qi)業(ye)與幫(bang)(bang)(bang)扶(fu)地(di)區(qu)企(qi)業(ye)座談會(hui)，為**縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)產(chan)品在(zai)上(shang)海打開銷(xiao)路，已(yi)實現(xian)銷(xiao)售總(zong)額達600余(yu)萬元。開展滬滇扶(fu)貧(pin)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)以來，惠及(ji)了(le)(le)全縣(xian)(xian)建檔(dang)立卡貧(pin)困(kun)戶農(nong)戶22321戶95887人，幫(bang)(bang)(bang)助8600人（含殘(can)疾貧(pin)困(kun)戶953人）實現(xian)脫貧(pin)，為全縣(xian)(xian)打贏精(jing)準脫貧(pin)攻堅戰(zhan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)巨大貢(gong)獻(xian)。

二、滬滇扶貧協作“十三(san)五”以(yi)來取(qu)得的(de)主要經(jing)驗(yan)和典型案(an)例

（一）強化組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)領(ling)導(dao)。全縣2018年(nian)(nian)成立**縣滬(hu)(hu)滇扶(fu)貧(pin)(pin)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)領(ling)導(dao)小組(zu)(zu)及辦公室，2019年(nian)(nian)按照機構改革方案對領(ling)導(dao)小組(zu)(zu)進(jin)行了調整充實，形成了黨政主(zhu)要領(ling)導(dao)負總(zong)責、分管領(ling)導(dao)具體抓(zhua)、行業部門、鄉鎮（街道）具體落實的工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)格局(ju)。通(tong)過(guo)定期專題(ti)(ti)研究滬(hu)(hu)滇扶(fu)貧(pin)(pin)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，及時(shi)解(jie)決(jue)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)存(cun)在的困難和問題(ti)(ti)，切實把滬(hu)(hu)滇扶(fu)貧(pin)(pin)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)抓(zhua)在手(shou)上、責任(ren)扛在肩上，確(que)保滬(hu)(hu)滇扶(fu)貧(pin)(pin)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)各項工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)有力(li)有序(xu)推進(jin)。

（二(er)）制定行(xing)動(dong)計(ji)劃。為(wei)(wei)進一(yi)步推進滬滇扶(fu)(fu)(fu)貧機制的不斷健全(quan)，協(xie)(xie)作(zuo)領域不斷擴展，**縣(xian)把產業(ye)合(he)作(zuo)、勞務(wu)協(xie)(xie)作(zuo)、人(ren)才交流(liu)、教育(yu)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)貧、貧困村(cun)提(ti)升、攜手奔小康作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)工作(zuo)重(zhong)點，全(quan)面(mian)編制《**縣(xian)滬滇扶(fu)(fu)(fu)貧協(xie)(xie)作(zuo)2018—2020年(nian)三年(nian)行(xing)動(dong)計(ji)劃》，逐年(nian)逐項落實三年(nian)行(xing)動(dong)計(ji)劃具(ju)體(ti)內容，確(que)保滬滇扶(fu)(fu)(fu)貧協(xie)(xie)作(zuo)各項工作(zuo)落地生(sheng)根，開花結(jie)果。

（三）落實考核要求。按照《國(guo)務(wu)院扶(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)貧(pin)開(kai)發(fa)領(ling)導小組(zu)關于印發(fa)＜東西部(bu)(bu)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)貧(pin)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)成效評價(jia)辦法＞的通知（國(guo)開(kai)發(fa)﹝2019﹞13號）要求，將東西部(bu)(bu)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)貧(pin)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)成效評價(jia)6個方面(mian)19項指標(biao)、5項創(chuang)新指標(biao)進行細(xi)化(hua)分解，建立工作(zuo)(zuo)臺賬(zhang)，加強溝通協(xie)調，通過(guo)信息系統(tong)督(du)促落實各項工作(zuo)(zuo)完成情況，將滬滇扶(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)貧(pin)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)工作(zuo)(zuo)納入全縣脫貧(pin)攻堅考核范(fan)圍。進一(yi)步(bu)強化(hua)督(du)查檢查，抓(zhua)好問題整(zheng)改，確保滬滇扶(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)貧(pin)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)取(qu)得實實在(zai)在(zai)的成效。

（四）加強資(zi)金(jin)(jin)監(jian)管。嚴(yan)格執行《上海市對口支援云南省項(xiang)目管理(li)(li)辦法(fa)》、《**區(qu)關(guan)于對口支援“自選動作”項(xiang)目資(zi)金(jin)(jin)管理(li)(li)辦法(fa)》，結合(he)實(shi)際(ji)出(chu)臺《**縣援滇資(zi)金(jin)(jin)項(xiang)目管理(li)(li)辦法(fa)（試(shi)行）》和(he)《2018年滬(hu)滇扶(fu)貧資(zi)金(jin)(jin)“以獎代(dai)補”溫氏養殖小區(qu)建設的實(shi)施辦法(fa)》。嚴(yan)格執行項(xiang)目建設公(gong)示公(gong)告制(zhi)度，廣泛接受群眾和(he)社會(hui)監(jian)督，科學、規范、安全使用和(he)管理(li)(li)滬(hu)滇項(xiang)目資(zi)金(jin)(jin)，提升(sheng)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)使用效(xiao)益(yi)，確保每一分(fen)錢都用在刀刃上。強化統籌安排，高效(xiao)推進落實(shi)，按(an)照確定的協作項(xiang)目內容，嚴(yan)格過程管理(li)(li)、質量管理(li)(li)、績效(xiao)管理(li)(li)，實(shi)行目標倒逼(bi)、任務倒逼(bi)，確保項(xiang)目早建成、早受益(yi)。

（五）促進消費扶貧。主動“走出去”，積極(ji)(ji)主動聯系上(shang)海(hai)電商(shang)和企業(ye)，做(zuo)好**農(nong)特(te)產品的推(tui)(tui)廣銷售工作。積極(ji)(ji)搭建(jian)組(zu)織化轉移(yi)就業(ye)平臺，精(jing)準對接上(shang)海(hai)市企業(ye)用工需求(qiu)，針對性開展勞動力技能培(pei)訓，不斷提(ti)升勞務輸出規(gui)模(mo)化，組(zu)織化程度，讓更多群(qun)眾(zhong)到上(shang)海(hai)就業(ye)增(zeng)收。積極(ji)(ji)“引(yin)進來”，以滬(hu)滇扶貧協(xie)作為契(qi)機，立足**資源優(you)勢(shi)，大力招商(shang)引(yin)資，積極(ji)(ji)引(yin)進上(shang)海(hai)企業(ye)到**投資興業(ye)，共(gong)同推(tui)(tui)進**經(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展。

典型(xing)案例—**鎮滬滇扶(fu)貧(pin)(pin)協(xie)作(zuo)黃桃種(zhong)植(zhi)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)成效顯(xian)著(zhu)。為(wei)破解貧(pin)(pin)困戶(hu)無種(zhong)植(zhi)技術(shu)、市(shi)場銷(xiao)售難、增(zeng)收(shou)難等問題，**鎮2018年(nian)立(li)足本(ben)地(di)優勢，在新(xin)鋪(pu)農業有(you)限公司帶(dai)動下，發展(zhan)黃桃種(zhong)植(zhi)2200畝，分兩年(nian)實施。經縣級(ji)多(duo)方評審論(lun)證，決定從(cong)滬滇扶(fu)貧(pin)(pin)協(xie)作(zuo)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)資(zi)金(jin)中安排(pai)680萬元(yuan)用于發展(zhan)**鎮黃桃種(zhong)植(zhi)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)。該(gai)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)兩年(nian)計劃(hua)總(zong)投資(zi)1520萬元(yuan)，采取“貧(pin)(pin)困戶(hu)+農業龍頭企業+鎮扶(fu)貧(pin)(pin)開發分公司+村服務社”運(yun)行模式，貧(pin)(pin)困戶(hu)以滬滇扶(fu)貧(pin)(pin)協(xie)作(zuo)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)資(zi)金(jin)和產(chan)業扶(fu)持資(zi)金(jin)作(zuo)為(wei)股金(jin)入股，村集(ji)體(ti)參與協(xie)調管理，通(tong)過土地(di)流(liu)轉、基地(di)務工(gong)、產(chan)業收(shou)益分紅可帶(dai)動建檔立(li)卡(ka)貧(pin)(pin)戶(hu)1133戶(hu)4740人(ren)增(zeng)收(shou)，壯大18個村集(ji)體(ti)經濟。

根據入(ru)股協議，建檔(dang)立卡(ka)貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)按投資(zi)占(zhan)比分(fen)(fen)紅當年(nian)凈收(shou)(shou)益(yi)46.2%（村集(ji)體經濟占(zhan)10%），當年(nian)凈收(shou)(shou)益(yi)53.8%為公(gong)司(si)（合作社(she)）盈利。為了杜絕(jue)貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)坐等(deng)“分(fen)(fen)紅”現象，激發(fa)(fa)貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)群眾內生動(dong)力，根據貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)務(wu)工(gong)、積(ji)極參加(jia)公(gong)益(yi)活動(dong)、通過自(zi)身發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)脫(tuo)貧(pin)等(deng)掙積(ji)分(fen)(fen)方(fang)式實(shi)行積(ji)分(fen)(fen)制(zhi)分(fen)(fen)紅， 2018年(nian)起鋪、挑擔、黨恩佳園貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)533戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)分(fen)(fen)紅26.43萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)，戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)分(fen)(fen)紅0至1000元(yuan)(yuan)不等(deng)；57戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)每年(nian)每畝(mu)土地(di)(di)流轉(zhuan)金500元(yuan)(yuan)，75名貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)人(ren)口基(ji)地(di)(di)務(wu)工(gong)人(ren)均(jun)年(nian)增收(shou)(shou)15000元(yuan)(yuan)以上。項目見效(xiao)后，所帶動(dong)的貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)均(jun)增收(shou)(shou)可達5000元(yuan)(yuan)以上。同時，為進一步做(zuo)大(da)做(zuo)強農業產業，繼續擴大(da)黃(huang)桃種植(zhi)規(gui)模，力爭達到(dao)萬(wan)畝(mu)黃(huang)桃種植(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)規(gui)模，實(shi)現種植(zhi)、加(jia)工(gong)、銷售(shou)、旅游“一條龍”的產業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)鏈(lian)。

三、滬(hu)滇扶貧協(xie)作當(dang)前(qian)和“十四五(wu)”工作中面臨的形勢和主(zhu)要困難

我縣在(zai)開展(zhan)滬滇扶(fu)貧協作(zuo)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)雖然(ran)取得(de)了一(yi)定的(de)成績，但由于受自然(ran)條件、經(jing)濟發展(zhan)等客(ke)觀(guan)因素的(de)制約和影響，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中仍然(ran)存在(zai)一(yi)些困難和問題，主(zhu)要有以下三個方面：

（一）在產(chan)業扶貧方(fang)面。受自然極端天氣、農(nong)作物病蟲害的影響，部分扶貧產(chan)業出現(xian)絕收、減產(chan)等現(xian)象，或(huo)因市場(chang)價格偏低，銷(xiao)售(shou)困難，導致產(chan)業扶貧項目難以達到(dao)預期收益。    

（二）在勞(lao)動(dong)力轉移就(jiu)業方面。一(yi)是(shi)勞(lao)務培(pei)訓(xun)組織難(nan)度大(da)。由于在家務農(nong)的(de)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)齡偏(pian)大(da)，平(ping)均在50歲以(yi)上(shang)，大(da)部分是(shi)婦女為(wei)主(zhu)，要照顧老(lao)人和小孩(hai)，對技能培(pei)訓(xun)意愿(yuan)不(bu)強烈，培(pei)訓(xun)后(hou)效果不(bu)明顯(xian)；二是(shi)培(pei)訓(xun)后(hou)轉移輸(shu)出(chu)難(nan)。大(da)部分培(pei)訓(xun)后(hou)輸(shu)出(chu)到(dao)上(shang)海地區的(de)外出(chu)務工人員，受(shou)家鄉(xiang)觀(guan)念(nian)、飲(yin)食、環境(jing)(jing)等因素的(de)影響，難(nan)以(yi)在當(dang)地扎根(gen)務工，輸(shu)出(chu)后(hou)回流比例較大(da)；三是(shi)鄉(xiang)村公共(gong)服務崗位管(guan)理有待進一(yi)步提(ti)高(gao)。實施鄉(xiang)村公共(gong)服務崗位可以(yi)讓貧困(kun)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)用外出(chu)務工也有穩定(ding)收入，同時激發貧困(kun)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)內(nei)生動(dong)力，但由于部分村、組的(de)管(guan)理不(bu)到(dao)位，貧困(kun)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)內(nei)生動(dong)力不(bu)足，安排(pai)的(de)崗位人員未能全面履(lv)職(zhi)，實施的(de)效益不(bu)夠理想(xiang)。如安排(pai)的(de)村保潔員未能按時打掃，打掃時敷衍了事，村內(nei)人居(ju)環境(jing)(jing)難(nan)以(yi)徹底得(de)到(dao)改變。

（三）在消(xiao)費扶(fu)貧(pin)方面(mian)。一是(shi)有好(hao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)賣(mai)不(bu)出(chu)去。雖然多(duo)次以對(dui)接會、展銷(xiao)(xiao)會等方式在上海(hai)推銷(xiao)(xiao)本地農特產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，但受品(pin)牌效應(ying)弱，產(chan)(chan)品(pin)包(bao)裝簡單，產(chan)(chan)量不(bu)足，市(shi)場競爭力(li)不(bu)強(qiang)，物流成本過高(gao)等方面(mian)的(de)(de)影響，本地農特產(chan)(chan)品(pin)對(dui)外銷(xiao)(xiao)規模依(yi)然偏低，難以徹底打開上海(hai)市(shi)場；二是(shi)發(fa)展觀念(nian)滯后。當地企業家在發(fa)展的(de)(de)觀念(nian)、理念(nian)上依(yi)然停留在傳統思維模式，同(tong)一產(chan)(chan)品(pin)多(duo)種小(xiao)散品(pin)牌，各(ge)吹(chui)各(ge)打，未(wei)能抱團發(fa)展，而且(qie)市(shi)場信息不(bu)對(dui)稱，商機稍縱即逝，難以形成品(pin)牌影響力(li)，消(xiao)費者認可度極低。通過消(xiao)費扶(fu)貧(pin)帶動貧(pin)困戶(hu)增收方面(mian)有待進一步加(jia)強(qiang)。

四、“十四五”期間滬滇(dian)扶貧協作(zuo)的主要目標、方向以及需要投入的資金(jin)情況

“十四五”期間，我縣將進一步加強滬(hu)滇扶貧(pin)協(xie)(xie)(xie)作工(gong)作的領導，健全協(xie)(xie)(xie)作機(ji)制(zhi)、細化協(xie)(xie)(xie)作內容，緊緊圍繞脫貧(pin)攻堅鞏固提升和鄉村(cun)振興戰略相關(guan)要求，全面落實東(dong)西(xi)部扶貧(pin)考(kao)評各項指標(biao)體系，全力(li)抓好滬(hu)滇扶貧(pin)協(xie)(xie)(xie)作各項工(gong)作任務。

（一）加大(da)產業扶貧(pin)投入(ru)力(li)度。將滬(hu)滇扶貧(pin)資金重點投向農業產業，培育一批能形成規摸(mo)、減貧(pin)帶貧(pin)機(ji)制(zhi)明顯、能長期見效(xiao)的(de)(de)產業。對能形成固定資產的(de)(de)明確產權、股權，避免(mian)資金損失浪費(fei)。

（二）強(qiang)化勞(lao)(lao)動力(li)培(pei)訓(xun)轉移(yi)就(jiu)業。組織有勞(lao)(lao)動能(neng)力(li)、就(jiu)業意愿(yuan)強(qiang)的貧困(kun)勞(lao)(lao)動力(li)進行針對性培(pei)訓(xun)，提高就(jiu)業技能(neng)水平(ping)，同時積極對接周邊、省內及上海市企業，實行勞(lao)(lao)動力(li)轉移(yi)輸出(chu)。開發鄉村(cun)公共服務崗位(wei)，解(jie)決外出(chu)務工困(kun)難(nan)貧困(kun)勞(lao)(lao)動力(li)就(jiu)業問題(ti)。

（三）深(shen)入推進攜手奔(ben)(ben)小(xiao)康行動(dong)(dong)。繼續實施36個深(shen)度貧(pin)困(kun)村、2個深(shen)度貧(pin)困(kun)鎮(zhen)的結對(dui)幫扶，動(dong)(dong)員社會(hui)力(li)量(liang)捐資(zi)捐物(wu)解決特殊貧(pin)困(kun)家庭、貧(pin)困(kun)生的實際困(kun)難(nan)，攜手共進奔(ben)(ben)小(xiao)康。

（四(si)）進(jin)(jin)一步拓(tuo)展消費(fei)扶貧(pin)(pin)(pin)領域(yu)。通過(guo)資金、政策(ce)的支持鼓(gu)勵(li)，促進(jin)(jin)農(nong)業龍頭企業、公司、合作社與(yu)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)戶建立(li)緊密(mi)利益聯結。加(jia)強(qiang)宣傳對接(jie)，引(yin)(yin)導政府(fu)機關食堂、學校、醫院、企業等機構采購使(shi)用(yong)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)戶農(nong)產(chan)品。引(yin)(yin)進(jin)(jin)外地(di)企業與(yu)本地(di)企業合作生產(chan)銷售、電商平臺(tai)銷售拓(tuo)展消費(fei)扶貧(pin)(pin)(pin)領域(yu)。

（五）“十四五”期(qi)間(jian)各類項(xiang)目需(xu)要投(tou)入的資金總額(e)以及需(xu)要上海對口支(zhi)援額(e)度。根據脫貧(pin)攻堅鞏固(gu)提升基本(ben)要求(qiu)，"十四五"期(qi)間(jian)預計需(xu)投(tou)入58.08億元(yuan)，其中(zhong)產(chan)業發展5.17億元(yuan)，農村建設7.56億元(yuan)。由于上級扶貧(pin)資金投(tou)入有(you)限，希望上海能每(mei)年對口支(zhi)援4000萬元(yuan)左右(you)，五年支(zhi)援2億元(yuan)。

五、完善滬滇(dian)扶貧協作(zuo)體制、機制方(fang)面的建(jian)議

為了進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步增強工作中的(de)緊迫感和(he)(he)責(ze)任感，加強交流與對(dui)接，為滬滇扶貧協作工作更上一(yi)個(ge)新(xin)臺階(jie)，有效助(zhu)推(tui)**貧困群眾脫貧致(zhi)富(fu)奔小(xiao)康。針對(dui)存在的(de)困難和(he)(he)問題，我們在努力改進(jin)(jin)和(he)(he)學習(xi)的(de)同時，提(ti)出以下三點建議(yi)意見：

一是加(jia)強(qiang)兩地企(qi)業(ye)交(jiao)流合(he)作。我縣(xian)的農特產品大部分屬于(yu)初(chu)加(jia)工階段(duan)，產品利潤不(bu)高(gao)。在(zai)深入(ru)開(kai)展企(qi)業(ye)交(jiao)流對接時(shi)，不(bu)僅要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)本縣(xian)農業(ye)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)市場、品牌及合(he)作意識培訓和(he)引導，更(geng)希望能引進(jin)(jin)**先進(jin)(jin)農業(ye)加(jia)工企(qi)業(ye)、農產品科技(ji)企(qi)業(ye)到我縣(xian)考察(cha)，合(he)作投資。

篇5

今天，我只講一個問題：請(qing)全體同志務必(bi)要認真地學(xue)習貫徹“三(san)個代表”重要思想，以三(san)年經(jing)濟(ji)結構調整取(qu)得的(de)(de)成績(ji)為契機、為起點(dian)，在陽泉市老工(gong)業(ye)(ye)基地改造(zao)和(he)振(zhen)興的(de)(de)事業(ye)(ye)中，繼續以經(jing)濟(ji)結構調整為主線，使我們的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)建(jian)設有(you)(you)(you)新(xin)(xin)思路、改革有(you)(you)(you)新(xin)(xin)突破、開放有(you)(you)(you)新(xin)(xin)局面、各項工(gong)作有(you)(you)(you)新(xin)(xin)舉措。

三年(nian)(nian)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構調整(zheng)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)艱難(nan)，陽泉(quan)市(shi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)從(cong)滑入低谷到逐步(bu)地(di)(di)(di)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)健康(kang)穩(wen)步(bu)發展，同(tong)(tong)(tong)志們(men)(men)(men)要(yao)(yao)珍惜這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)果，但(dan)(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)不可(ke)以滿足于現(xian)狀，要(yao)(yao)深(shen)刻地(di)(di)(di)、清(qing)醒地(di)(di)(di)認識到，這(zhe)(zhe)點小(xiao)勝(sheng)在(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)老(lao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改造(zao)、振興和(he)(he)發展接(jie)續性產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偉大(da)(da)(da)(da)事業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，僅僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)步(bu)。三年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光輝實踐(jian)證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)，以經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構調整(zheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)線是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、成(cheng)效是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)十分(fen)(fen)顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但(dan)(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)使經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構調整(zheng)深(shen)入、持久、健康(kang)地(di)(di)(di)發展下(xia)去，要(yao)(yao)走的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路程還非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)漫長而艱難(nan)，面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)嚴峻，面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)繁重。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)三年(nian)(nian)實踐(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)，我(wo)(wo)深(shen)深(shen)感到，推(tui)動(dong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構調整(zheng)最難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，各級領導干部、廣大(da)(da)(da)(da)人民群(qun)(qun)眾思想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)放(fang)、觀念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變和(he)(he)體制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改革(ge)、機(ji)(ji)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新(xin)(xin)。具體到經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構調整(zheng)當中(zhong)(zhong)最難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么？就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)讓市(shi)場來(lai)(lai)配置資(zi)源，促進陽泉(quan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)素(su)重組。最近(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)時(shi)期(qi)，我(wo)(wo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)深(shen)入思考，陽泉(quan)市(shi)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)怎么樣(yang)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)？怎么樣(yang)針對性地(di)(di)(di)做好改造(zao)和(he)(he)振興的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作？我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)陽泉(quan)市(shi)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)全國(guo)(guo)老(lao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)掛上(shang)(shang)號，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)有“四大(da)(da)(da)(da)金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)(gang)”再加(jia)上(shang)(shang)“五(wu)(wu)小(xiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)群(qun)(qun)體”。第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)(gang)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)陽泉(quan)礦務(wu)(wu)局(ju)，有千(qian)萬(wan)噸煤炭產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)規模；第(di)(di)二大(da)(da)(da)(da)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)陽鋼，有近(jin)百萬(wan)噸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)猛鐵(tie)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)力；第(di)(di)三大(da)(da)(da)(da)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)晉東化工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)防建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化工(gong)(gong)(gong)（炸藥）基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)；第(di)(di)四大(da)(da)(da)(da)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)河坡、娘電(dian)、晨光、陽光電(dian)廠(chang)(chang)等(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)群(qun)(qun)電(dian)力企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“五(wu)(wu)小(xiao)群(qun)(qun)體”就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：小(xiao)煤窯、小(xiao)煉鐵(tie)、小(xiao)建(jian)(jian)材(cai)、小(xiao)化工(gong)(gong)(gong)、小(xiao)耐(nai)火。這(zhe)(zhe)“五(wu)(wu)小(xiao)群(qun)(qun)體”加(jia)上(shang)(shang)“四大(da)(da)(da)(da)金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)(gang)”，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)征，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)老(lao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)依(yi)托(tuo)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)體共同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，“四大(da)(da)(da)(da)金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)(gang)”和(he)(he)計(ji)(ji)劃經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)小(xiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)群(qun)(qun)體”，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)源開(kai)采型和(he)(he)資(zi)源加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)型；第(di)(di)二，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)家和(he)(he)集(ji)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；第(di)(di)三，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)納入國(guo)(guo)家計(ji)(ji)劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)配統(tong)銷當中(zhong)(zhong)。從(cong)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)角度來(lai)(lai)看，我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)陽泉(quan)市(shi)、縣、村(cun)這(zhe)(zhe)么多年(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)小(xiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)群(qun)(qun)體”，大(da)(da)(da)(da)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“四大(da)(da)(da)(da)金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)(gang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拾遺補(bu)缺。這(zhe)(zhe)些“五(wu)(wu)小(xiao)群(qun)(qun)體”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)大(da)(da)(da)(da)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)家大(da)(da)(da)(da)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)做“糧食”供應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所(suo)以，就(jiu)(jiu)形(xing)成(cheng)陽泉(quan)市(shi)老(lao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)“四大(da)(da)(da)(da)金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)(gang)”和(he)(he)“五(wu)(wu)小(xiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)群(qun)(qun)體”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系：即一(yi)(yi)(yi)榮俱榮，一(yi)(yi)(yi)損俱損。大(da)(da)(da)(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)計(ji)(ji)劃經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)、短缺經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)期(qi)很吃香，同(tong)(tong)(tong)樣(yang)“五(wu)(wu)小(xiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)群(qun)(qun)體”日(ri)子也很好過，一(yi)(yi)(yi)旦大(da)(da)(da)(da)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)遇到困難(nan)，我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)小(xiao)群(qun)(qun)體”隨之困難(nan)重重，危機(ji)(ji)四起(qi)(qi)。這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)格(ge)局(ju)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)份，這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構，其(qi)明(ming)(ming)顯特(te)(te)點：一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黑(hei)(hei)，反映了(le)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)從(cong)事資(zi)源開(kai)采和(he)(he)原始生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)粗，我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)粗，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部管(guan)理粗，科技含(han)量極低，基(ji)(ji)本(ben)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)形(xing)式是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)源勞動(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力；三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)散，社(she)(she)會資(zi)源、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力要(yao)(yao)素(su)分(fen)(fen)散到方方面面，上(shang)(shang)至中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、省營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、市(shi)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，下(xia)到縣營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、鄉營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、村(cun)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)來(lai)(lai)瓜分(fen)(fen)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)點有限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會資(zi)源，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)滿天(tian)星這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)分(fen)(fen)散格(ge)局(ju)；四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)重，“四大(da)(da)(da)(da)金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)(gang)”也罷，“五(wu)(wu)小(xiao)群(qun)(qun)體”也罷，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)家和(he)(he)集(ji)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以相當大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會功能(neng)(neng)加(jia)到了(le)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)身(shen)上(shang)(shang)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)背起(qi)(qi)了(le)辦(ban)社(she)(she)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沉重負擔。解(jie)決老(lao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)帶來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)(hei)、粗、散、重等(deng)結(jie)(jie)構性問(wen)題(ti)，盡(jin)管(guan)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)難(nan)，但(dan)(dan)我(wo)(wo)感到最難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)思想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)放(fang)、觀念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)、體制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改革(ge)、機(ji)(ji)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)觀念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碰撞和(he)(he)思想(xiang)解(jie)放(fang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)艱難(nan)漫長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程，我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)推(tui)進經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構調整(zheng)，要(yao)(yao)細(xi)致地(di)(di)(di)、耐(nai)心地(di)(di)(di)、艱苦地(di)(di)(di)來(lai)(lai)做好這(zhe)(zhe)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)老(lao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)城(cheng)市(shi)特(te)(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構調整(zheng)當中(zhong)(zhong)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)任(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)阻礙我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)陽泉(quan)融入全國(guo)(guo)全球(qiu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)潮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)坎。

第一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)問(wen)題(ti)：市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)觀(guan)念十(shi)(shi)分淡(dan)漠(mo)。認真總結三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)結構調整(zheng)工作，我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)遇(yu)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)問(wen)題(ti)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)念非(fei)常(chang)(chang)淡(dan)漠(mo)，黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)(shi)四大就(jiu)確立了建(jian)立社(she)會(hui)主義市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體制，經(jing)(jing)過十(shi)(shi)五大、十(shi)(shi)六大多(duo)少年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)問(wen)題(ti)仍然沒(mei)有(you)得(de)到(dao)(dao)很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解決(jue)。市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)觀(guan)念有(you)許許多(duo)多(duo)，最(zui)(zui)本(ben)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)效益(yi)觀(guan)念、效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)觀(guan)念。因為市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)講(jiang)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，第二才能講(jiang)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)，我(wo)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)感覺(jue)(jue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，陽泉這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)講(jiang)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)，不(bu)怎(zen)么(me)(me)講(jiang)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干部(bu)、我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群眾、我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職工不(bu)管看什么(me)(me)問(wen)題(ti)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)規律化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識就(jiu)得(de)講(jiang)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)，要(yao)窮大家都(dou)(dou)窮，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種公(gong)平(ping)(ping)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)么(me)(me)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)，市(shi)(shi)營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)、縣(xian)營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)、鄉級企(qi)業(ye)，都(dou)(dou)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大批都(dou)(dou)處(chu)于停產(chan)半停產(chan)狀態，相當(dang)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工人(ren)處(chu)于生(sheng)活貧困狀態，不(bu)能如(ru)期(qi)如(ru)數(shu)發(fa)工資，甚(shen)至不(bu)開(kai)資，對(dui)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些大家都(dou)(dou)有(you)相當(dang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容忍程度，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)事情(qing)，不(bu)辦(ban)(ban)可(ke)以(yi)，三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)不(bu)辦(ban)(ban)都(dou)(dou)可(ke)以(yi)，但要(yao)辦(ban)(ban)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)事情(qing)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)講(jiang)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，要(yao)很(hen)快地(di)辦(ban)(ban)、迅速地(di)辦(ban)(ban)、認真地(di)辦(ban)(ban)，馬上就(jiu)會(hui)打破社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)靜(jing)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)現在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老工業(ye)基(ji)地(di)改造和振興當(dang)中遇(yu)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)突出問(wen)題(ti)。請大家記(ji)住，市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)以(yi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意志為轉移(yi)，市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)講(jiang)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，講(jiang)競(jing)爭(zheng)，沒(mei)有(you)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)增長，就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)社(she)會(hui)進步，效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)(shi)(shi)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，第二位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)才是(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)會(hui)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)。我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)過去講(jiang)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)，僅僅就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)落后生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)基(ji)礎上形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種很(hen)低水平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)。現在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)世界社(she)會(hui)得(de)到(dao)(dao)了最(zui)(zui)高文(wen)明(ming)程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)(me)？是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)權保護(hu)。我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)多(duo)少年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)，講(jiang)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)，屬于文(wen)明(ming)社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大公(gong)平(ping)(ping)——社(she)會(hui)保障體系始終(zhong)沒(mei)有(you)建(jian)立起來(lai)。所以(yi)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結構調整(zheng)當(dang)中，我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)太(tai)缺(que)乏公(gong)平(ping)(ping)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)平(ping)(ping)臺和支撐。本(ben)來(lai)下崗(gang)也罷、失業(ye)也罷，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)(jing)常(chang)(chang)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)，對(dui)我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)來(lai)講(jiang)，就(jiu)感覺(jue)(jue)到(dao)(dao)實在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)難，因為我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)沒(mei)有(you)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種維護(hu)人(ren)權公(gong)平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)臺，我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)觀(guan)念非(fei)常(chang)(chang)淡(dan)漠(mo)。

第二(er)個問題：創(chuang)造(zao)創(chuang)新動力不(bu)足(zu)。在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)樣一種(zhong)完(wan)全由(you)國家(jia)和集(ji)體投資，它的產品完(wan)全由(you)國家(jia)統籌(chou)統支，然后國有(you)職(zhi)工(gong)和集(ji)體職(zhi)工(gong)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)掙八(ba)級工(gong)資，不(bu)需要(yao)創(chuang)造(zao)，不(bu)需要(yao)創(chuang)新。在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)之下養成了(le)老工(gong)業基地(di)(di)非常(chang)大的一個惰性。什么惰性？小富即安。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)安是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)安心，你(ni)(ni)不(bu)要(yao)看(kan)掙的元(yuan)、元(yuan)，細水長(chang)流(liu)，月月都有(you)，到老都有(you)，所以(yi)他很(hen)(hen)安心，很(hen)(hen)滿(man)足(zu)于(yu)現狀。為什么我們(men)(men)(men)的企業干來干去(qu)沒活力了(le)？不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)那個地(di)(di)方的領導、也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)那個地(di)(di)方的工(gong)人懶(lan)惰，是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)一種(zhong)體制把(ba)我們(men)(men)(men)的聰明才(cai)智極大地(di)(di)限(xian)制了(le)，養成一種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)過(guo)就很(hen)(hen)滿(man)足(zu)的思想。“四大金(jin)剛”也(ye)罷、“五小產業“也(ye)罷，都不(bu)需你(ni)(ni)創(chuang)新。陽煤(mei)(mei)集(ji)團(tuan)今年給(gei)你(ni)(ni)定(ding)一千二(er)百萬噸(dun)煤(mei)(mei)，你(ni)(ni)少(shao)挖一噸(dun)也(ye)不(bu)行，產出來以(yi)后，華北(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)多(duo)少(shao)、河北(bei)河南地(di)(di)區(qu)多(duo)少(shao)都給(gei)你(ni)(ni)分配(pei)了(le)，銷(xiao)售不(bu)用你(ni)(ni)發愁。陽鋼生產的錳鐵生鐵，山西(xi)省冶金(jin)廳早就按國家(jia)計劃給(gei)你(ni)(ni)調拔了(le)，不(bu)需要(yao)創(chuang)造(zao)創(chuang)新，長(chang)期(qi)下去(qu)，把(ba)我們(men)(men)(men)企業的創(chuang)造(zao)能(neng)(neng)力、創(chuang)新能(neng)(neng)力限(xian)制了(le)、扼殺了(le)。

第三個(ge)(ge)問(wen)題(ti)：自(zi)(zi)我(wo)封閉(bi)(bi)，極不(bu)(bu)(bu)開(kai)放(fang)。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)問(wen)題(ti)存在于大家(jia)工(gong)作當中，過(guo)去我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)有(you)這(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)普(pu)遍(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法——“肥水(shui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)流外(wai)人(ren)(ren)田(tian)”。我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)成長(chang)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)按國(guo)(guo)家(jia)計劃(hua)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)棋子(zi)(zi)擺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，形成一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)自(zi)(zi)我(wo)封閉(bi)(bi)、自(zi)(zi)我(wo)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)格局。特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)領導干(gan)(gan)部有(you)這(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)思想(xiang)，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)領導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千多(duo)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)、八百多(duo)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)，認(ren)認(ren)真(zhen)(zhen)真(zhen)(zhen)過(guo)好(hao)小康日(ri)(ri)子(zi)(zi)，外(wai)邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)概(gai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)管，我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權力誰也不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)侵犯，井水(shui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)犯河水(shui)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)講(jiang)合作，不(bu)(bu)(bu)講(jiang)榮辱(ru)。過(guo)去日(ri)(ri)子(zi)(zi)過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)，就怕外(wai)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)來干(gan)(gan)擾，憑(ping)這(zhe)點(dian)資源(yuan)過(guo)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)小康日(ri)(ri)子(zi)(zi)就足夠了(le)(le)，企業(ye)(ye)典型地(di)靠自(zi)(zi)我(wo)積(ji)(ji)累(lei)、滾動發(fa)展(zhan)。在年月份，武本酉向我(wo)匯報他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)狀(zhuang)況時說(shuo)(shuo)：“我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)廠除了(le)(le)給(gei)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)開(kai)了(le)(le)工(gong)資，不(bu)(bu)(bu)欠銀(yin)行(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分錢貸款，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年也能(neng)夠積(ji)(ji)累(lei)三十多(duo)萬”。我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)企業(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)樣，大部分企業(ye)(ye)也都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)樣靠自(zi)(zi)我(wo)積(ji)(ji)累(lei)、滾動發(fa)展(zhan)。它們(men)(men)(men)(men)很(hen)(hen)封閉(bi)(bi)，很(hen)(hen)害怕外(wai)邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力量、外(wai)邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錢、外(wai)邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)資進(jin)來沾了(le)(le)我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“肥水(shui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)流外(wai)人(ren)(ren)田(tian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)念大大地(di)限制了(le)(le)我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)做大做強企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)腳，也使(shi)(shi)我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)錯過(guo)了(le)(le)許多(duo)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)機遇。不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)開(kai)放(fang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢開(kai)放(fang)，想(xiang)方(fang)(fang)設法筑好(hao)籬笆擋住墻(qiang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)讓(rang)外(wai)邊(bian)進(jin)來。這(zhe)幾年來，我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)很(hen)(hen)封閉(bi)(bi)、很(hen)(hen)艱(jian)苦(ku)，上上下(xia)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)家(jia)也都(dou)很(hen)(hen)辛苦(ku)、很(hen)(hen)清正、很(hen)(hen)廉潔，百分之九(jiu)十九(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同志(zhi)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)樣，可就是(shi)(shi)(shi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)干(gan)(gan)越(yue)(yue)(yue)小了(le)(le)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)干(gan)(gan)越(yue)(yue)(yue)萎縮了(le)(le)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)么問(wen)題(ti)，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)保守、封閉(bi)(bi)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)開(kai)放(fang)。現(xian)在不(bu)(bu)(bu)要說(shuo)(shuo)我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)后發(fa)地(di)區(qu)，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)美國(guo)(guo)那樣發(fa)達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)現(xian)在辦一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)什(shen)么產業(ye)(ye)，它要想(xiang)方(fang)(fang)設法使(shi)(shi)世(shi)界經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融入，它任何一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產品都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)界經(jing)濟(ji)產生出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)界資本。而我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)至今還很(hen)(hen)封閉(bi)(bi)，很(hen)(hen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)開(kai)放(fang)，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)用自(zi)(zi)己那點(dian)資金，自(zi)(zi)我(wo)積(ji)(ji)累(lei)，自(zi)(zi)我(wo)發(fa)展(zhan)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)老工(gong)業(ye)(ye)基地(di)給(gei)我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)留下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)突出(chu)問(wen)題(ti)。

第(di)四個(ge)(ge)問題：科(ke)(ke)技(ji)觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)缺乏。我(wo)們(men)一(yi)直講，科(ke)(ke)技(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)一(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)(li)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)一(yi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)世界經濟發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)公認定(ding)律。而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)我(wo)們(men)老工(gong)(gong)業(ye)基(ji)地(di)(di)，在(zai)(zai)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)一(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)(li)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)一(yi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)非常淡泊。過(guo)去(qu)無論(lun)“四大金剛”也(ye)罷(ba)、“五小(xiao)群體”也(ye)罷(ba)，企(qi)業(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)少(shao)論(lun)級別的(de)(de)(de)(de)，職工(gong)(gong)越(yue)多(duo)(duo)，企(qi)業(ye)級別越(yue)大越(yue)高。現(xian)在(zai)(zai)我(wo)們(men)已進(jin)(jin)入市場經濟，主要講效率(lv)，效率(lv)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)看你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)、你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)有多(duo)(duo)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)含量(liang)，有多(duo)(duo)少(shao)當(dang)今社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)拔(ba)尖(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)。而(er)(er)我(wo)們(men)卻恰恰地(di)(di)忽略了(le)這兩個(ge)(ge)方面，因為(wei)我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)只要國家(jia)和(he)集體把資(zi)(zi)金投進(jin)(jin)去(qu)，利用物質資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)和(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力(li)(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結合，它(ta)就(jiu)能(neng)夠形(xing)成生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)(li)、形(xing)成產(chan)品(pin)，所以(yi)忽視科(ke)(ke)技(ji)在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)展當(dang)中(zhong)第(di)一(yi)位(wei)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)非常明顯。另外(wai)，在(zai)(zai)這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)里，優秀人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)幾乎沒(mei)有多(duo)(duo)少(shao)作(zuo)用，只要能(neng)完成了(le)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)動作(zuo)就(jiu)行(xing)，就(jiu)能(neng)領一(yi)個(ge)(ge)月的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)和(he)獎金，對人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)在(zai)(zai)企(qi)業(ye)發(fa)展中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)決定(ding)性(xing)作(zuo)用最容(rong)易(yi)忽略。我(wo)們(men)在(zai)(zai)這幾年(nian)調整經濟結構當(dang)中(zhong)得(de)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)非常重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)啟示，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)拔(ba)尖(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)決定(ding)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)興衰成敗(bai)；同時，也(ye)深刻地(di)(di)感受到(dao)(dao)我(wo)們(men)有一(yi)種非常不好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)，它(ta)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)容(rong)忍(ren)不創業(ye)，它(ta)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)容(rong)忍(ren)無為(wei)，但它(ta)萬(wan)萬(wan)不能(neng)容(rong)忍(ren)創業(ye)而(er)(er)不成功，這種觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積淀對我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展造成很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻力(li)(li)(li)。

第五(wu)個(ge)問題：支撐經濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)念(nian)錯位。老工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基地(di)(di)最(zui)容易形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)念(nian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)高(gao)(gao)度關(guan)注、財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)高(gao)(gao)度投入(ru)來支撐經濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展。“四(si)大金剛”也(ye)罷，“五(wu)小(xiao)群體(ti)”也(ye)罷，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這樣(yang)搞(gao)起來的(de)(de)(de)，多年(nian)來，陽(yang)(yang)泉財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)雖然總量(liang)(liang)不(bu)大，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)投到企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)里面的(de)(de)(de)卻(que)不(bu)少，最(zui)多的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)陽(yang)(yang)泉財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)總收(shou)入(ru)才四(si)億多，投入(ru)到企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)有(you)(you)六千(qian)多萬。所以，長期(qi)以來我(wo)們養成(cheng)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種錯誤觀(guan)(guan)念(nian)，講經濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)高(gao)(gao)度關(guan)注，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)成(cheng)了(le)(le)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)成(cheng)了(le)(le)經濟(ji)(ji)結構調整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)，成(cheng)為經濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展、社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展第一(yi)(yi)(yi)著急人(ren)，干什么必須政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)高(gao)(gao)度關(guan)注，全力(li)以赴(fu)，用十二分力(li)量(liang)(liang)，經濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)細胞——企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)法人(ren)一(yi)(yi)(yi)時也(ye)離不(bu)開(kai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)；就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)高(gao)(gao)度投入(ru)，而存在于(yu)社(she)會(hui)和(he)老百姓當中的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)本(ben)(ben)、民(min)(min)(min)力(li)和(he)民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)都被忽略了(le)(le)。我(wo)們要按照市(shi)場(chang)經濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)要求來反思這個(ge)問題。財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)高(gao)(gao)度投入(ru)，忽略了(le)(le)或排斥(chi)民(min)(min)(min)智、民(min)(min)(min)力(li)、民(min)(min)(min)資(zi)、民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)，這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)們發(fa)展不(bu)快的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)念(nian)，使我(wo)們老工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)(ji)成(cheng)份越來越單一(yi)(yi)(yi)。現在我(wo)們實(shi)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)共財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，任何(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)級財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)決不(bu)允許拿上納稅人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)錢投資(zi)給(gei)任何(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)納稅實(shi)體(ti)，財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)職能一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)養活國家(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)器，二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建設社(she)會(hui)基礎。如果單純地(di)(di)依(yi)靠財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)投入(ru)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)最(zui)終是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展不(bu)起來的(de)(de)(de)。在我(wo)們陽(yang)(yang)泉，對于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)力(li)、民(min)(min)(min)智、民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種天生的(de)(de)(de)排斥(chi)觀(guan)(guan)念(nian)。直到今天，一(yi)(yi)(yi)些私(si)營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)家(jia)(jia)(jia)發(fa)展起來了(le)(le)，資(zi)本(ben)(ben)也(ye)壯大了(le)(le)，他們有(you)(you)再為社(she)會(hui)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)欲(yu)望，但他最(zui)怕(pa)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秋后算帳(zhang)，最(zui)怕(pa)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)現像(xiang)唐僧(seng)給(gei)孫悟(wu)空念(nian)緊(jin)箍咒(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)現象。這個(ge)問題嚴重(zhong)抑制了(le)(le)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)家(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)再創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)欲(yu)望，不(bu)解決是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)絕對不(bu)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)。

第(di)六個(ge)問題：忽視(shi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)社(she)(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)調(diao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。長期以來(lai)，我(wo)們(men)普(pu)遍(bian)(bian)有一(yi)種(zhong)觀念(nian)，那就是(shi)只注(zhu)重經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)長，忽視(shi)了經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)與(yu)社(she)(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)調(diao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，這(zhe)是(shi)老工(gong)業(ye)基(ji)地普(pu)遍(bian)(bian)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、但又很難改(gai)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東西(xi)。所以，多少年來(lai)我(wo)們(men)只顧經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)長，不(bu)管(guan)(guan)社(she)(she)會(hui)成本多高，也不(bu)管(guan)(guan)群(qun)眾(zhong)利益損失(shi)多大(da)進行掠奪式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營、破(po)壞(huai)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，生態越來(lai)越惡化(hua)，環(huan)境(jing)越來(lai)越不(bu)好。經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)小增(zeng)長與(yu)對環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞(huai)形成了強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反差(cha)。作為個(ge)人發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)起(qi)來(lai)了，但對社(she)(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污染、生態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞(huai)卻留給(gei)了社(she)(she)會(hui)去治理，這(zhe)是(shi)市場經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)條(tiao)件(jian)下極不(bu)公平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)競爭(zheng)，是(shi)落后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)力遺留下來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)大(da)問題，也是(shi)老工(gong)業(ye)基(ji)地改(gai)造和(he)振興必須解決好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)問題，

篇6

××鄉(xiang)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)中心現位于××街原××鄉(xiang)政(zheng)府(fu)駐所(suo)旁(pang)，日常(chang)工(gong)作業(ye)務(wu)仍在鄉(xiang)政(zheng)府(fu)小(xiao)禮堂開(kai)展(小(xiao)禮堂已(yi)抵給隆陽(yang)區煙草公司)，業(ye)務(wu)用房面積約400平方米，主(zhu)要開(kai)展圖(tu)書(shu)借(jie)閱(yue)、閱(yue)覽、電(dian)腦培訓、上網查閱(yue)資料等業(ye)務(wu)。文(wen)(wen)化(hua)站現有工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)5人(ren)(ren)(包括(kuo)廣播站人(ren)(ren)員(yuan))，其中1人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)初中學歷(li)，2人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)大專學歷(li)，2人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)本科(ke)學歷(li)。2003年文(wen)(wen)化(hua)站建成了(le)隆陽(yang)區第一個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮圖(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)--鄒盛椿健華圖(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)，館(guan)(guan)(guan)內現有圖(tu)書(shu)5000余(yu)(yu)冊(ce)，期刊(kan)3000余(yu)(yu)冊(ce)，閱(yue)覽桌4張，書(shu)架10張，凳子20個(ge)(ge)，檔案柜(ju)兩張;2009年文(wen)(wen)化(hua)站又配(pei)置了(le)2臺液晶電(dian)腦;2009年上級文(wen)(wen)化(hua)主(zhu)管部門又為(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)站配(pei)置了(le)3萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)元的(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)資源信息共享工(gong)程設備，美國(guo)加州建華社又為(wei)(wei)鄉(xiang)圖(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)配(pei)置了(le)2萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)元的(de)圖(tu)書(shu)，鄉(xiang)政(zheng)府(fu)為(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)站配(pei)置了(le)1萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)元的(de)圖(tu)書(shu)。

二、夯實基礎(chu)、努力開創文化工作(zuo)新局面(mian)

(一)明確目標，早(zao)計劃、早(zao)安排，文化工作有(you)序開展

我(wo)鄉(xiang)按照“著眼未來、長(chang)遠規劃(hua)、因地制(zhi)宜、量力而行(xing)、大膽(dan)開拓、穩妥推(tui)進(jin)(jin)”的文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)工作(zuo)思路，年初認真(zhen)分析研(yan)究全鄉(xiang)的實(shi)(shi)際情況，制(zhi)定(ding)了文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)中心工作(zuo)計劃(hua)，明確(que)了全年的工作(zuo)目標，即“基礎設(she)施建(jian)設(she)進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)鞏(gong)固加強(qiang)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體活動蓬勃開展(zhan)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)市(shi)場監管有力有序(xu)，公益文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)事業(ye)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)產業(ye)健康繁榮(rong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，社(she)會效(xiao)益成效(xiao)明顯”。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)中心工作(zuo)人(ren)員根(gen)據全年工作(zuo)計劃(hua)和目標任務，進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)解放思想，扎實(shi)(shi)工作(zuo)，不斷豐富人(ren)民群眾(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)生活，努力提高(gao)人(ren)民群眾(zhong)科技(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)素質(zhi)，為××鄉(xiang)的經濟社(she)會各項(xiang)事業(ye)又好又快(kuai)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)作(zuo)出了應有的貢獻。

(二(er))加(jia)強領導，落實(shi)責任，嚴格(ge)依(yi)章依(yi)規管理

鄉(xiang)(xiang)黨(dang)委政(zheng)府(fu)高度重視文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，把鄉(xiang)(xiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)提上了議事(shi)(shi)日(ri)程(cheng)并，確定(ding)一名(ming)分(fen)管(guan)(guan)領導主抓文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，由文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)心(xin)具體負(fu)責組織全鄉(xiang)(xiang)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)任(ren)務，形成了人(ren)(ren)員職責分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)明確、層層有(you)人(ren)(ren)抓的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)體系(xi)，。鄉(xiang)(xiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)心(xin)繼制(zhi)定(ding)了6項工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)制(zhi)度后，不斷完(wan)善與社會發展要(yao)求不相適應的(de)規章制(zhi)度，根據文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)心(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)優點、長(chang)處，充(chong)分(fen)調動(dong)每(mei)一位工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)積極(ji)主動(dong)性(xing)，合理設(she)置崗位，合理分(fen)配安排工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，部門領導身先士卒，率先垂范，嚴(yan)(yan)格依章依規管(guan)(guan)理。安排專(zhuan)人(ren)(ren)管(guan)(guan)理財務，嚴(yan)(yan)把財務開支(zhi)，努力做到增(zeng)收節(jie)支(zhi);安排專(zhuan)人(ren)(ren)從事(shi)(shi)圖書館(guan)的(de)管(guan)(guan)理;統籌(chou)好全鄉(xiang)(xiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)體活動(dong)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)市場管(guan)(guan)理、文(wen)(wen)(wen)物普查等各項工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，努力完(wan)成鄉(xiang)(xiang)黨(dang)委政(zheng)府(fu)交辦的(de)各項工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

(三)積極爭取上級主管部門和鄉黨委政(zheng)府的支持，抓好基礎設施(shi)建設，努力整(zheng)合(he)文(wen)化資(zi)源

沒(mei)有上(shang)(shang)級主(zhu)管部門和(he)鄉(xiang)黨(dang)委政(zheng)(zheng)府的(de)支持，要想(xiang)繁(fan)榮××鄉(xiang)文(wen)化(hua)事(shi)業(ye)，發展××鄉(xiang)鄉(xiang)文(wen)化(hua)產業(ye)都將成為(wei)空談。一年(nian)來，文(wen)化(hua)站始終把取得上(shang)(shang)級主(zhu)管部門和(he)鄉(xiang)黨(dang)委政(zheng)(zheng)府的(de)支持擺在十(shi)分重要的(de)位置(zhi)，積極主(zhu)動向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)級主(zhu)管部門和(he)鄉(xiang)黨(dang)委政(zheng)(zheng)府請示匯(hui)報(bao)工作，爭取項目、資金(jin)、人力、物力上(shang)(shang)的(de)支持。

自(zi)2003年(nian)(nian)以(yi)來，我鄉(xiang)文(wen)化中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)日(ri)常(chang)工(gong)作業務(wu)主(zhu)要在鄉(xiang)政(zheng)府(fu)小禮(li)堂開展。由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)小禮(li)堂建設(she)(she)年(nian)(nian)代較早，長(chang)期以(yi)來主(zhu)要用于(yu)(yu)(yu)電影(ying)放映活動和鄉(xiang)黨委政(zheng)府(fu)召開各種(zhong)會議，閑置后(hou)被文(wen)化中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)借用，但小禮(li)堂現已抵押(ya)給(gei)隆陽區(qu)煙草公司，××鄉(xiang)文(wen)化中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)很快面(mian)臨無工(gong)作場所場地的狀(zhuang)況。2009年(nian)(nian)10月我鄉(xiang)在永信集鎮重新規劃建設(she)(she)占地面(mian)積15.3畝的××鄉(xiang)文(wen)化中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)建設(she)(she)項目(mu)。雖(sui)然完成了向區(qu)、市、省的項目(mu)申(shen)報(bao)工(gong)作，并已被列入2009年(nian)(nian)的建設(she)(she)項目(mu)，但由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)種(zhong)原因2009年(nian)(nian)未(wei)能列項建設(she)(she)。

(四)力創隆(long)陽區鄉(xiang)鎮一(yi)流圖書館

加(jia)大圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)投(tou)入，建(jian)立(li)健全圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)各項規章制度，加(jia)強圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)管理，力創隆陽區(qu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮一(yi)流圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)。××鄉(xiang)(xiang)鄒(zou)勝椿健華圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)位(wei)于原××鄉(xiang)(xiang)政府小禮堂，共分二(er)層，一(yi)層為閱覽(lan)(lan)室，二(er)層為藏(zang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)室。2009年文化中(zhong)心共訂閱了(le)67種期(qi)刊(kan)和人民日報(bao)、云南日報(bao)、保(bao)山日報(bao)等(deng)報(bao)紙，訂閱報(bao)刊(kan)雜志經費共計5000余元。目前，圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)已擁有(you)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)5000余冊(ce)。文化站(zhan)專門(men)安排了(le)2名工作(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)從事日常(chang)管理，加(jia)強了(le)對(dui)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)日常(chang)監管，圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)環境整(zheng)潔、圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)擺放規范(fan)有(you)序，對(dui)外借(jie)閱、閱覽(lan)(lan)等(deng)業務正(zheng)常(chang)開展。2009年共無償對(dui)外借(jie)閱1890本圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，閱覽(lan)(lan)人員(yuan)(yuan)達(da)2598人次(ci)，借(jie)閱、閱覽(lan)(lan)對(dui)象有(you)普通群眾、學生、教師及鄉(xiang)(xiang)直各單(dan)位(wei)部(bu)門(men)人員(yuan)(yuan)。圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)工作(zuo)業務的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)開展極大地豐富了(le)人民群眾的(de)文化生活(huo)，提高了(le)人民群眾的(de)科(ke)學文化素質。

(五)積極組織開(kai)展各(ge)種文體活動

今年(nian)(nian)十一(yi)恰(qia)逢建國60周年(nian)(nian)，為慶(qing)(qing)祝60周年(nian)(nian)，我鄉各(ge)學校、各(ge)村(cun)老協開展了豐富多彩的(de)文(wen)體活動，文(wen)化(hua)中(zhong)心工(gong)作人員(yuan)積極(ji)投入(ru)到(dao)此次(ci)慶(qing)(qing)典活動的(de)組織(zhi)、協調、指導工(gong)作中(zhong)，慶(qing)(qing)典活動取(qu)得了圓滿成功，對外宣(xuan)傳了××，塑造(zao)了××鄉的(de)良好形象(xiang)。

此外，文(wen)化中心工作人(ren)員經常深入各村各單位(wei)、深入群眾指導幫助各村老(lao)協(xie)、單位(wei)和學校積極(ji)開展元旦、五四、七(qi)一、敬老(lao)節(jie)等節(jie)日文(wen)體(ti)活動(dong)，全(quan)鄉(xiang)節(jie)日文(wen)體(ti)活動(dong)蓬勃開展，極(ji)大地調動(dong)了人(ren)民群眾參與(yu)文(wen)體(ti)活動(dong)的積極(ji)性，豐富了人(ren)民群眾節(jie)日文(wen)化生活，活躍了節(jie)日氣氛。

(六)開(kai)辟宣傳陣地(di)，積極(ji)開(kai)展(zhan)“歡(huan)樂(le)鄉(xiang)村(cun)大(da)家樂(le)”文(wen)化創建(jian)活(huo)動

為(wei)提高鄉(xiang)村人(ren)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合素質和參與“歡(huan)樂鄉(xiang)村大家(jia)樂”全(quan)民(min)(min)健身(shen)(shen)(shen)活(huo)動的(de)(de)(de)積極性，鄉(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)在(zai)鄉(xiang)政府宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)欄(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設立了(le)文化宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)欄(lan)。根據季節、氣候、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)工作等(deng)(deng)客觀實際，定期(qi)通(tong)過板報、宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)畫等(deng)(deng)形式向(xiang)鄉(xiang)群(qun)眾(zhong)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)健康知識、文明(ming)知識、家(jia)庭教育(yu)、社會公(gong)德(de)等(deng)(deng)。國家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)大事(shi)(shi)、全(quan)鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)好事(shi)(shi)都能(neng)及時的(de)(de)(de)出現在(zai)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)欄(lan)上，使全(quan)鄉(xiang)人(ren)民(min)(min)群(qun)眾(zhong)能(neng)更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)了(le)解國家(jia)、身(shen)(shen)(shen)邊發生的(de)(de)(de)大事(shi)(shi)、好人(ren)好事(shi)(shi)，既能(neng)調節身(shen)(shen)(shen)心(xin)、促進健康，又起到了(le)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)造勢、輿論導向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，對于確(que)保各時期(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)任務的(de)(de)(de)完成和文化活(huo)動的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展起了(le)極大的(de)(de)(de)推動作用(yong)。另外“歡(huan)樂鄉(xiang)村大家(jia)樂”全(quan)民(min)(min)健身(shen)(shen)(shen)活(huo)動也(ye)正(zheng)在(zai)我(wo)鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)石龍老(lao)協(xie)、魯圖老(lao)協(xie)、老(lao)吳寨(zhai)老(lao)協(xie)、吳山老(lao)協(xie)、大莊(zhuang)老(lao)協(xie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有序的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展。

(七(qi))認真開展了第三次全國文物普查(cha)及復查(cha)工(gong)作

2009年(nian)，根據(ju)我鄉(xiang)擬申(shen)報(bao)的(de)文(wen)物(wu)項目，我鄉(xiang)又在24個村開展(zhan)了文(wen)物(wu)普(pu)查(cha)(cha)(cha)查(cha)(cha)(cha)缺補漏工作。經查(cha)(cha)(cha)，我鄉(xiang)所有符(fu)合(he)條件的(de)文(wen)物(wu)點都(dou)已(yi)進行了申(shen)報(bao)，未(wei)發現漏報(bao)的(de)情況。同時，積極(ji)協助區文(wen)普(pu)辦進行了文(wen)物(wu)點的(de)復查(cha)(cha)(cha)。另(ling)外，根據(ju)文(wen)普(pu)辦的(de)要求，我鄉(xiang)又在24個村開展(zhan)了古樹名(ming)木普(pu)查(cha)(cha)(cha)，并按(an)時按(an)質完成上交了古樹名(ming)木普(pu)查(cha)(cha)(cha)表。

(八)村文(wen)化室(shi)建設(she)

按照區文(wen)(wen)體工作目標的(七有(you)七落(luo)實(shi))的建設標準，“七有(you)”完成(cheng)四項(xiang)以上，“七落(luo)實(shi)”完成(cheng)五項(xiang)以上，結合我鄉實(shi)際，抓好已建村文(wen)(wen)化室的建設工作，統籌各種資源，積極新(xin)建村文(wen)(wen)化室，爭取實(shi)現2009年35%以上行政村有(you)文(wen)(wen)化室并配備(bei)村綜合文(wen)(wen)化室專(兼(jian))職(zhi)管理人員(yuan)，

(九(jiu))深入實施農村(cun)數字電影“2131”工程(cheng)

為(wei)確保(bao)農村數字電(dian)影“2131”工(gong)程(cheng)順利(li)實施(shi)，針對我(wo)鄉(xiang)有關人員變動(dong)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，我(wo)鄉(xiang)重新(xin)調(diao)整充(chong)實了領導小組，要求各村為(wei)電(dian)影放(fang)(fang)映(ying)提供(gong)好(hao)場(chang)地、電(dian)源、放(fang)(fang)映(ying)所(suo)(suo)需物資，并(bing)安排文化站人員與專門(men)負(fu)責放(fang)(fang)映(ying)電(dian)影的(de)工(gong)作人員一起(qi)維護好(hao)放(fang)(fang)映(ying)場(chang)所(suo)(suo)的(de)安全(quan)。并(bing)嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)隆政辦電(dian)﹝2009﹞72號文件要求，強化放(fang)(fang)映(ying)質量，規(gui)范(fan)放(fang)(fang)映(ying)地點(dian)、時間和加大(da)科教片放(fang)(fang)映(ying)力(li)度，切實做好(hao)放(fang)(fang)映(ying)場(chang)次的(de)統計(ji)驗收工(gong)作和上報工(gong)作。全(quan)鄉(xiang)各村沒(mei)有出現(xian)不支(zhi)持農村數字電(dian)影“2131”工(gong)程(cheng)實施(shi)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，放(fang)(fang)映(ying)活動(dong)得到了人民(min)群(qun)眾的(de)普遍認可(ke)和好(hao)評。

(十(shi))加(jia)強文化(hua)市(shi)場管理，文化(hua)市(shi)場繁榮健康有序(xu)發展

繼續取得上級(ji)文化(hua)主管(guan)部門、鄉(xiang)黨(dang)委政府和工(gong)商、公安部門的(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)，堅持(chi)“打防(fang)并(bing)舉”措施，采取日常與突擊(ji)相結合(he)的(de)(de)稽查方法(fa)，堅持(chi)嚴格執法(fa)，依法(fa)辦事，加強(qiang)對文化(hua)市場(chang)的(de)(de)監管(guan)，認真開展文化(hua)市場(chang)專項整治行(xing)動，嚴厲打擊(ji)非法(fa)經營，做到(dao)管(guan)而不死，活而不亂，促進(jin)了市場(chang)健康有(you)序發(fa)(fa)展。全鄉(xiang)現(xian)有(you)老(lao)年活動室(shi)4戶(hu)，ktv綜合(he)服務區1戶(hu)，網(wang)(wang)吧(ba)1戶(hu)。2009年共協(xie)同公安、工(gong)商部門對3戶(hu)老(lao)年活動室(shi)、1戶(hu)網(wang)(wang)吧(ba)進(jin)行(xing)了檢查，全面加強(qiang)了鄉(xiang)內文化(hua)市場(chang)日常監管(guan)，掌(zhang)握文化(hua)市場(chang)況(kuang)狀，切實杜絕鄉(xiang)內“黑(hei)網(wang)(wang)吧(ba)”、“黑(hei)電子游(you)戲(xi)室(shi)”的(de)(de)存在，確保(bao)全鄉(xiang)社(she)會無(wu)熱點形成(cheng)，無(wu)重大案件或事故發(fa)(fa)生。

(十一)努力完成上級業(ye)務主管部門和鄉(xiang)黨委政府交辦的(de)各(ge)項(xiang)工(gong)作

文(wen)化站工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員在努力完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)本職工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)同時，積極主動完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)鄉黨(dang)(dang)委(wei)(wei)政府安排的(de)(de)其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。充分發揮(hui)辦公室的(de)(de)“智囊”和(he)“上聯(lian)下聯(lian)”作(zuo)(zuo)用，協調與各村(cun)、各單位部(bu)門之間的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)，合理分解分配安排工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，認真(zhen)辦理文(wen)件(jian)傳真(zhen)，督辦好(hao)有(you)關(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，籌(chou)備(bei)召(zhao)開好(hao)各種會議，完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)好(hao)鄉四(si)套班子成(cheng)(cheng)員交辦的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。加強紀檢(jian)監(jian)察業(ye)務學習，扎實工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，大力推進全鄉紀檢(jian)監(jian)察工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。全力完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)了鄉黨(dang)(dang)委(wei)(wei)政府交辦的(de)(de)村(cun)建、駐(zhu)村(cun)任職等各項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)了上級業(ye)務主管(guan)部(bu)門交辦的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。

(十二)加(jia)強自身建(jian)設，提高文化中心工作(zuo)人員的綜(zong)合素質(zhi)和工作(zuo)能力

一年來(lai)，文化站把加強工作人(ren)員的政治思想(xiang)理論、政策、法律法規及業(ye)務知識的學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)放在(zai)了十分重要的位置。主要通過從(cong)區、鄉召開的各(ge)(ge)種會(hui)議中學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)，從(cong)上級(ji)主管部門開展(zhan)的業(ye)務培訓(xun)中學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，從(cong)報刊雜志、電視(shi)中學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，從(cong)實(shi)(shi)踐中學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，向人(ren)民群眾學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，切實(shi)(shi)做到(dao)了學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)以致用。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)中，尤(you)其是深入學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)黨的十七(qi)大、十七(qi)屆四(si)中全會(hui)精(jing)(jing)神和科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的發展(zhan)觀，用十七(qi)大、十七(qi)屆四(si)中全會(hui)精(jing)(jing)神和科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的發展(zhan)觀密(mi)切聯系實(shi)(shi)際，指導好(hao)各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)工作。需心地(di)向同(tong)(tong)事、長輩學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，同(tong)(tong)時利用外出(chu)參觀和到(dao)各(ge)(ge)地(di)

方(fang)的(de)機會多(duo)看(kan)、多(duo)問、多(duo)思考(kao)，進(jin)一步解放了(le)思想、開拓了(le)視野，創(chuang)新了(le)工作思路方(fang)法，更加(jia)堅(jian)定了(le)發(fa)展××、振興××的(de)信心。通過系統的(de)學(xue)習(xi)，進(jin)一步提高了(le)文化(hua)中心工作人員的(de)政(zheng)治思想覺悟、政(zheng)治政(zheng)策(ce)理論水平和(he)業務工作能力。

三、成績及經驗

一(yi)年來，××鄉文化中(zhong)心(xin)切實立足××鄉的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際，不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)拓和(he)(he)創新(xin)工作思(si)路(lu)，積極(ji)爭(zheng)取并投入了(le)(le)大量(liang)資金，改(gai)善(shan)和(he)(he)加強(qiang)了(le)(le)硬、軟件建(jian)設，不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)建(jian)立健全各項(xiang)規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，加強(qiang)了(le)(le)對工作人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)培訓教育，提(ti)高了(le)(le)工作人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)素(su)質和(he)(he)工作能力(li)，增強(qiang)了(le)(le)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)民(min)服務(wu)能力(li)，不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)豐富人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文化生活和(he)(he)提(ti)高了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)民(min)群眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)科技文化知(zhi)識，為(wei)××經濟(ji)社會(hui)又(you)好又(you)快發展，構(gou)建(jian)“和(he)(he)諧(xie)××”奠定了(le)(le)堅實基礎。這些成績(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)取得，經驗主要(yao)是：第一(yi)、上級業(ye)務(wu)主管部門和(he)(he)鄉黨委政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)大力(li)支持;第二、經費的(de)(de)(de)(de)大量(liang)投入;第三、良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)才隊(dui)伍和(he)(he)工作人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)默默奉(feng)獻、不(bu)(bu)懈努力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作;第四、走(zou)出了(le)(le)繁榮(rong)××鄉文化事業(ye)、繁榮(rong)文化產業(ye)之路(lu);第五、健全完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)和(he)(he)嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理。

四、問題與差距

認真(zhen)回顧總(zong)結(jie)××鄉文(wen)化中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)一(yi)年來的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)雖然取得了較為(wei)(wei)可喜的成績，但還有很(hen)(hen)多的不(bu)(bu)足之處，與其他先進(jin)地方相比(bi)尚還有一(yi)定差(cha)距，主要表現在(zai)：第(di)(di)一(yi)、由(you)于(yu)鄉黨(dang)委政府和各(ge)機關(guan)單位搬遷到永信集鎮(zhen)后(hou)，××鄉文(wen)化中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)已不(bu)(bu)位于(yu)××鄉的中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)集鎮(zhen)，爭(zheng)取各(ge)級的項目支持搬遷重建已成為(wei)(wei)當前亟需解決的問題(ti);第(di)(di)二、圖書(shu)館(guan)的資(zi)金投入(ru)(ru)仍然偏少(shao)(shao)，藏(zang)書(shu)量仍然偏少(shao)(shao)，圖書(shu)資(zi)料(liao)尚不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)豐(feng)富，電(dian)子圖書(shu)室尚未建成，適(shi)應不(bu)(bu)了經濟社(she)會發(fa)展的需求;第(di)(di)三、由(you)于(yu)基礎(chu)設施落后(hou)，很(hen)(hen)多問題(ti)一(yi)時難以解決，文(wen)化中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)日常(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業(ye)務(wu)難以正常(chang)開展，而(er)文(wen)化中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)超(chao)編，不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)從事(shi)其它(ta)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo);第(di)(di)四、文(wen)化中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)屬于(yu)事(shi)業(ye)編制，政治、經濟社(she)會待遇偏低，多數時候不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)從事(shi)繁雜的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，難以調動(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)積極(ji)性;第(di)(di)五、工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)接受正規業(ye)務(wu)培訓教育的途(tu)徑少(shao)(shao)，規范化管理(li)程度不(bu)(bu)高;第(di)(di)六、文(wen)化中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)身兼多職(zhi)，具體工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)有的方面尚還不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)深(shen)入(ru)(ru)，在(zai)很(hen)(hen)多細(xi)致入(ru)(ru)微的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)上沒有精力花(hua)時間(jian)去(qu)完成。

五、2010年工作思路

(一)努(nu)力(li)爭取各級黨委政府和上級業務主(zhu)管部門(men)的(de)支持，超前謀(mou)劃，量力(li)而行，夯實基礎，大力(li)繁榮我鄉文化事業，發(fa)展文化產業，豐富人(ren)民(min)群眾文化生活，努(nu)力(li)提高人(ren)民(min)群眾科(ke)技文化素質，為全鄉經濟社會又(you)好(hao)又(you)快發(fa)展塑造良(liang)好(hao)的(de)社會環境。

(二)加強(qiang)文化中心工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員黨和國家的路線、方針政策、政治理論(lun)、法律法規、時(shi)事和工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業務等知識的學習，切實(shi)提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員的綜(zong)合(he)素(su)質和駕馭工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)能力(li)。

(三)加強對文化(hua)中心工(gong)作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的培(pei)訓、管(guan)理(li)和考核獎懲力(li)度，依章依規管(guan)理(li)，充分調動每(mei)一位工(gong)作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的積極(ji)性，根據(ju)每(mei)一位工(gong)作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的特點、特長(chang)合(he)理(li)分解(jie)分配安排工(gong)作，確(que)保上級主管(guan)部門、鄉黨委政府和文化(hua)中心各(ge)項工(gong)作任務的圓滿完成。

(四)加大對文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)的(de)投入(ru)力度，力爭(zheng)早(zao)日完(wan)成××鄉文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)長遠規劃和征地(di)工作(zuo)，爭(zheng)取(qu)鄉黨委(wei)(wei)政府承擔文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)建設(she)(she)用地(di)的(de)征地(di)等相關費(fei)用，申(shen)請區委(wei)(wei)政府減免劃撥(bo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)建設(she)(she)用地(di)費(fei)用，使各級有限的(de)項目資金能夠全(quan)部投入(ru)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)建設(she)(she)，確(que)保2010年××鄉文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)建設(she)(she)項目順利開工建設(she)(she)。××鄉文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)建設(she)(she)項目計劃總占地(di)面積5畝以上，初步(bu)完(wan)成文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)綜(zong)合業務用房(fang)建設(she)(she)，實現文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)工作(zuo)業務全(quan)部搬遷(qian)轉移至永信(xin)集(ji)鎮。初步(bu)建成文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)業務用房(fang)后(hou)，將(jiang)進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)爭(zheng)取(qu)省市區項目資金，在(zai)永信(xin)集(ji)鎮逐(zhu)步(bu)建成集(ji)廣場、舞(wu)臺、看(kan)臺、籃球場、圖書館、小型看(kan)片室(教(jiao)育、會議多用)、宣傳教(jiao)育設(she)(she)施、體(ti)育設(she)(she)施、休閑娛樂設(she)(she)施等于一(yi)(yi)體(ti)的(de)××鄉文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。

(五)積(ji)極爭取資金加大圖書館的投入，加強文(wen)(wen)化市場管理，有效實施農村數字電影“2131”工程，努(nu)力繁榮××鄉文(wen)(wen)化事業(ye)，發(fa)展××鄉特色(se)文(wen)(wen)化產業(ye)，促(cu)進文(wen)(wen)化與旅(lv)游的結合，大力發(fa)展××鄉文(wen)(wen)化旅(lv)游產業(ye)。

(六(liu))繼續發揚文(wen)藝(yi)匯(hui)演所取得(de)的成(cheng)功經驗，克(ke)服不足，再接再厲，努(nu)力使2010年舉辦的文(wen)藝(yi)演出(chu)、文(wen)藝(yi)匯(hui)演更(geng)上新(xin)的臺階(jie)。

(七)繼續(xu)抓好已建村文化室的建設工作，統籌各種資源，積(ji)極新建村文化室。

(八)切(qie)實(shi)實(shi)施好文化信(xin)息資源(yuan)共享工程(cheng)。

(九)擴大(da)“歡樂(le)鄉村(cun)大(da)家樂(le)”全民健(jian)身活動(dong)范(fan)圍，促進“歡樂(le)鄉村(cun)大(da)家樂(le)”活動(dong)深入開展。

篇7

一、基本情況

近年來，伴隨著我區(qu)工業(ye)化、信息化、城鎮化和農業(ye)現(xian)代化進程，農戶(hu)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)經(jing)營權(quan)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)明(ming)顯加快，穩步推(tui)進了(le)農村土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，發(fa)展了(le)適度土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)規(gui)模(mo)經(jing)營。全(quan)區(qu)國土(tu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)276.1平(ping)方公里(li)，農業(ye)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)29.24萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，其中耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)14.43萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，可養水(shui)面(mian)(mian)4.65萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，林地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)3.66萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。截(jie)止2019年底，全(quan)區(qu)3萬(wan)(wan)家庭承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)經(jing)營耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)戶(hu)中，1.8萬(wan)(wan)家庭承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)經(jing)營耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)戶(hu)進行了(le)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，占60%，流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)9.95萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，其中流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)6.65萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，占耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)46.08%；流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)水(shui)面(mian)(mian)2.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，占水(shui)面(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)53.76%；流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)山場面(mian)(mian)積(ji)0.8萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，占山場面(mian)(mian)積(ji)21.86%。畝(mu)均耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)價(jia)格(ge)400-600元，水(shui)面(mian)(mian)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)價(jia)格(ge)50-250元，山場流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)價(jia)格(ge)100-300元。按照流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)模(mo)式，我區(qu)農村土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)工作大致可分為以(yi)下類型：

一是大(da)戶(hu)(hu)承包型。種植(zhi)大(da)戶(hu)(hu)將農民閑散(san)3.85萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)土地(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)過來集中耕(geng)種,占流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)土地(di)(di)的(de)38.69%。種糧大(da)戶(hu)(hu)50畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)以(yi)上(shang)194戶(hu)(hu)，其(qi)中50-99畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)35戶(hu)(hu)、100-299畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)106戶(hu)(hu)、300-499畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)17戶(hu)(hu)、500-999畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)6戶(hu)(hu)、1000-1999畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)6戶(hu)(hu)。如鎮農莊村(cun)(cun)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)土地(di)(di)520余(yu)(yu)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、村(cun)(cun)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)土地(di)(di)620余(yu)(yu)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、村(cun)(cun)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)土地(di)(di)620余(yu)(yu)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、街道村(cun)(cun)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)土地(di)(di)700余(yu)(yu)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、村(cun)(cun)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)土地(di)(di)1100余(yu)(yu)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、村(cun)(cun)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)土地(di)(di)500余(yu)(yu)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，實現了規模(mo)經營(ying)，提高了土地(di)(di)收益。

二是家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農場型。以家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)生產經營為主，通(tong)過較高的(de)生產技術和管(guan)理水平，對土地(di)實行規模(mo)化、專業化的(de)經營。截止(zhi)目前全區共培育申報家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農場49家(jia)(jia)，流轉土地(di)面(mian)積1.24萬畝，占(zhan)流轉土地(di)的(de)12.46%。低于200畝23家(jia)(jia)，200-500畝20家(jia)(jia)，500-1000畝4家(jia)(jia)，1000-2000畝2家(jia)(jia)。

三是合作(zuo)(zuo)經營型。以農(nong)(nong)民(min)家(jia)庭(ting)經營為(wei)基礎，成(cheng)立農(nong)(nong)民(min)專(zhuan)業合作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)，發揮組織優勢(shi)，實現規模化(hua)種(zhong)植和標準化(hua)生(sheng)產，提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)業經濟效(xiao)益(yi)，占流轉土(tu)地(di)的7.27%。糧食生(sheng)產合作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)2家(jia)，如安油油菜種(zhong)植專(zhuan)業合作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)通過土(tu)地(di)托(tuo)管(guan)、土(tu)地(di)流轉形式，實現流轉土(tu)地(di)5000畝，同時引進有種(zhong)植技術的縣農(nong)(nong)民(min)簽訂(ding)托(tuo)管(guan)協議，成(cheng)功托(tuo)管(guan)土(tu)地(di)從事農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)、經濟作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)種(zhong)植，進一(yi)步提(ti)高了機械(xie)化(hua)水平，實現了合作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)、農(nong)(nong)民(min)的共贏(ying)。

二、農村土地流(liu)轉取得(de)的成(cheng)效

（一）促進了農(nong)業(ye)(ye)經濟結構(gou)調(diao)整(zheng)和(he)(he)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)規模化(hua)、產業(ye)(ye)化(hua)經營，提(ti)高了農(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場競爭能(neng)力。我區農(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)是和(he)(he)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)整(zheng)密切聯系、相互促進的(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)市(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)《關于加(jia)快現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)若干政(zheng)策（試行）》引導下(xia)，圍繞(rao)建設(she)優勢農(nong)產品基地(di)(di)，較大規模地(di)(di)開展(zhan)了土(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，如市(shi)綠地(di)(di)園(yuan)(yuan)林專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)合(he)作社在(zai)鎮岳山村(cun)成片流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)土(tu)地(di)(di)，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)高檔花(hua)卉苗(miao)木；區鎮響(xiang)水澗村(cun)怡香園(yuan)(yuan)家(jia)庭農(nong)場在(zai)東灣和(he)(he)響(xiang)水澗村(cun)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)土(tu)地(di)(di)種植葡萄、提(ti)子，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)家(jia)樂休閑觀(guan)光農(nong)業(ye)(ye)。市(shi)區恒暢蔬菜專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)合(he)作社通過(guo)土(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，生產無公害蔬菜。通過(guo)土(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，全區的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產開始(shi)由(you)(you)“傳統型(xing)”向“現代型(xing)”，由(you)(you)“分散(san)型(xing)”向“集約(yue)型(xing)”轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變，反映(ying)出土(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)在(zai)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)作用。

（二(er)(er)）促進了(le)(le)(le)(le)農(nong)村勞動力(li)轉移，加(jia)快(kuai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)城鎮化(hua)進程(cheng)。農(nong)村土(tu)地(di)(di)流轉面積的(de)(de)增加(jia)，使越來越多的(de)(de)農(nong)民從土(tu)地(di)(di)上解放(fang)出來，安心外(wai)出務(wu)工經商，加(jia)快(kuai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)農(nong)村勞動力(li)向(xiang)二(er)(er)、三產業轉移，加(jia)速了(le)(le)(le)(le)農(nong)村人(ren)口向(xiang)城鎮集聚，推動了(le)(le)(le)(le)城鎮化(hua)進程(cheng)。同時有效減(jian)少了(le)(le)(le)(le)土(tu)地(di)(di)撂荒，提高了(le)(le)(le)(le)土(tu)地(di)(di)利用率(lv)。

（三(san)）促進了農(nong)(nong)民(min)增收(shou)(shou)，提高了農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)效益(yi)。我區(qu)(qu)租(zu)(zu)金(jin)標準一般每(mei)畝每(mei)年(nian)為(wei)400—600元(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)等，這樣(yang)通(tong)過(guo)土地(di)(di)流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)農(nong)(nong)民(min)可以獲得相對較高的(de)和比較穩定的(de)有償收(shou)(shou)入(ru)。有的(de)土地(di)(di)流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)甚(shen)至高于自己的(de)傳統作物收(shou)(shou)入(ru)；土地(di)(di)流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)后有的(de)農(nong)(nong)民(min)外出務(wu)工(gong)，有的(de)就近為(wei)承租(zu)(zu)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)新型(xing)經(jing)營(ying)主體(ti)打工(gong)，使農(nong)(nong)民(min)從(cong)原(yuan)來直(zhi)(zhi)接生產經(jing)營(ying)者，變為(wei)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、合(he)作社或家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)場主的(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)人(ren)，從(cong)而增加了工(gong)資收(shou)(shou)入(ru)。全區(qu)(qu)通(tong)過(guo)土地(di)(di)流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，重點發(fa)展經(jing)濟作物種植、苗(miao)木以及農(nong)(nong)家(jia)樂(le)旅(lv)游(you)休閑等。當地(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)民(min)不(bu)但(dan)可以直(zhi)(zhi)接從(cong)土地(di)(di)上每(mei)畝收(shou)(shou)入(ru)500元(yuan)(yuan)租(zu)(zu)金(jin)，還可作為(wei)新型(xing)經(jing)營(ying)主體(ti)服務(wu)人(ren)員(yuan)，人(ren)均年(nian)勞務(wu)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)可達5000—8000元(yuan)(yuan)。同時經(jing)營(ying)者通(tong)過(guo)規模經(jing)營(ying)，也(ye)較大(da)幅(fu)度(du)的(de)提高了農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)效益(yi)。

（四）促進(jin)(jin)(jin)了農(nong)村社會分工，更新了農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)觀念(nian)，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)了農(nong)業適用(yong)(yong)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)推廣應用(yong)(yong)。龍頭(tou)企業和(he)種(zhong)養殖(zhi)大(da)戶(hu)一般都具(ju)(ju)有(you)比較先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)生產經(jing)(jing)營(ying)理(li)念(nian)，他們積極采用(yong)(yong)優種(zhong)良法，爭創品(pin)牌和(he)市(shi)場意識，對(dui)當地農(nong)民(min)(min)起了潛移(yi)默化的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，改變了農(nong)民(min)(min)傳統的(de)(de)(de)生產觀念(nian)，使農(nong)民(min)(min)學到了先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)生產技(ji)術(shu)和(he)管理(li)經(jing)(jing)驗。如區鎮響水澗村怡(yi)香園家庭農(nong)場利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)避雨栽培和(he)肥水一體化技(ji)術(shu)種(zhong)植(zhi)葡萄，品(pin)質(zhi)大(da)大(da)提高，在它的(de)(de)(de)示(shi)范引導下，附近種(zhong)植(zhi)戶(hu)紛紛采用(yong)(yong)此技(ji)術(shu)，既節省勞力(li)又(you)增加了收入。土(tu)地流轉形成(cheng)規模(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)后，有(you)利(li)(li)(li)于開展水利(li)(li)(li)道路等基礎設施(shi)建(jian)設，有(you)利(li)(li)(li)于采用(yong)(yong)多種(zhong)農(nong)業機(ji)具(ju)(ju)、優良品(pin)種(zhong)和(he)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)業適用(yong)(yong)技(ji)術(shu)，也有(you)利(li)(li)(li)于專(zhuan)業技(ji)術(shu)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)指導。

三、主要做法

（一）完善機構(gou)、強化領導(dao)。區農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村局(ju)成(cheng)立了(le)(le)(le)由農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村局(ju)主要領導(dao)為組長(chang)、分管(guan)領導(dao)為副組長(chang)、相關職(zhi)能部門(men)負(fu)責人為成(cheng)員(yuan)的工作(zuo)領導(dao)小組，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)統(tong)一領導(dao)，分級(ji)負(fu)責的工作(zuo)機制。先后在各(ge)級(ji)會議和培訓班進行了(le)(le)(le)廣泛宣(xuan)傳動員(yuan)，使全區干部充分認識到了(le)(le)(le)規范流轉土(tu)地的重要性和必要性，統(tong)一了(le)(le)(le)群眾思想，消除了(le)(le)(le)群眾顧慮，贏(ying)得了(le)(le)(le)群眾的理解、參與和支持(chi)。

（二(er)）堅(jian)持基本(ben)原則(ze)，不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)強(qiang)土(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動力。首先，是群眾自(zi)愿的原則(ze)。土(tu)地(di)(di)是否(fou)流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，以哪種形(xing)式(shi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，由農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)自(zi)主決(jue)定(ding)，不(bu)(bu)用行政(zheng)手(shou)段強(qiang)行流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。其(qi)次，是平(ping)等協(xie)商(shang)、有(you)(you)償流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的原則(ze)。土(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)包費、租金等應由農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)與(yu)受讓(rang)方(fang)(fang)或承租方(fang)(fang)平(ping)等協(xie)商(shang)確定(ding)，鎮(zhen)村(cun)不(bu)(bu)得(de)干(gan)預。其(qi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)收益(yi)歸農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)所(suo)有(you)(you)，鎮(zhen)村(cun)不(bu)(bu)得(de)擅自(zi)截留。第三，是依法(fa)有(you)(you)序的原則(ze)。土(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)嚴(yan)格(ge)遵守國家(jia)法(fa)律、法(fa)規和有(you)(you)關(guan)方(fang)(fang)針政(zheng)策。在土(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)中(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)土(tu)地(di)(di)所(suo)有(you)(you)權(quan)權(quan)屬關(guan)系(xi)，不(bu)(bu)隨(sui)意改(gai)變(bian)(bian)土(tu)地(di)(di)承包關(guan)系(xi)，不(bu)(bu)擅自(zi)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)農(nong)(nong)業用途(tu)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的期限(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)得(de)超過(guo)二(er)輪土(tu)地(di)(di)承包剩(sheng)余期限(xian)(xian)。第四，是規范操作的原則(ze)。農(nong)(nong)村(cun)土(tu)地(di)(di)使用權(quan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)涉及多(duo)方(fang)(fang)面的利益(yi)關(guan)系(xi)，必須健全制度(du)，嚴(yan)格(ge)程序。具體工作中(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)經部(bu)門在組織(zhi)、指導(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雙方(fang)(fang)簽訂土(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)合(he)同(tong)書的基礎上，建立(li)土(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臺帳，當好流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雙方(fang)(fang)的中(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)，使土(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)合(he)法(fa)規范。

（三）服務到(dao)位，確(que)保了土地(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)取得(de)實效。區農業農村(cun)局和鎮、辦事處常跟蹤到(dao)村(cun)開(kai)展指導工作，解決在實際操作過程中的實際問題，規(gui)范相關資(zi)料，解釋有關政策，現(xian)場(chang)點評工作，促進了土地(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)工作的順利開(kai)展。

（四(si)）積極穩妥地(di)推(tui)進(jin)土地(di)確(que)權(quan)登(deng)記工(gong)作(zuo)。明晰(xi)和(he)落實(shi)土地(di)承(cheng)包經營權(quan)是推(tui)進(jin)土地(di)流轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)前提(ti)條(tiao)件，也是建立農村(cun)(cun)土地(di)流轉(zhuan)市(shi)場的(de)(de)基礎性工(gong)作(zuo)。按照中央(yang)提(ti)出的(de)(de)“現有土地(di)承(cheng)包關系保持穩定并長久(jiu)不變”的(de)(de)要求，在落實(shi)農村(cun)(cun)土地(di)集(ji)體所有權(quan)的(de)(de)基礎上，全面認真組織開展確(que)權(quan)登(deng)記工(gong)作(zuo)。

（五）注重(zhong)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)化解(jie)(jie)，維(wei)護土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉秩(zhi)序。在確權(quan)頒證和土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉過程(cheng)中(zhong)，因多年來土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)出(chu)讓、租賃、互換和分戶等造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)權(quan)屬糾(jiu)紛(fen)集中(zhong)爆發(fa)，區農業農村局高度重(zhong)視這些問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)化解(jie)(jie)，充分發(fa)揮村調委(wei)會(hui)作用，堅持小問(wen)題(ti)(ti)隨時解(jie)(jie)決(jue)、大(da)(da)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)會(hui)商解(jie)(jie)決(jue)的(de)辦法(fa)，耐心細致地(di)(di)向當事人雙方(fang)進行政(zheng)策講解(jie)(jie)、調解(jie)(jie)說和，成(cheng)功化解(jie)(jie)了土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)矛盾糾(jiu)紛(fen)。同時積(ji)極協調處理各(ge)方(fang)關系(xi)，及時解(jie)(jie)決(jue)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉中(zhong)遇到的(de)困難、問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，化解(jie)(jie)承包大(da)(da)戶與群眾因灌溉、用電和公共(gong)設施維(wei)護等發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)糾(jiu)紛(fen)，確保了流(liu)(liu)轉雙方(fang)的(de)合法(fa)權(quan)益，維(wei)護了土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉的(de)秩(zhi)序。

四、存在的問題

1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)普(pu)及度(du)有待加強。一是市場化機(ji)制(zhi)尚(shang)未形成(cheng)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)經(jing)營(ying)比(bi)較(jiao)效(xiao)益低(di)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)市場運作體系和相關服務(wu)平(ping)臺缺(que)失，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)評價缺(que)乏依據，流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)信息不(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)稱(cheng)，流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)層次不(bu)(bu)(bu)高、渠(qu)道不(bu)(bu)(bu)暢，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)象(xiang)與范圍選擇(ze)余(yu)地(di)(di)(di)小(xiao)，流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)形式較(jiao)為單一。目前農(nong)民因土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)收(shou)益成(cheng)效(xiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)明顯，農(nong)村也未實(shi)現土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)、資金、技術(shu)和勞動力資源的(de)(de)(de)優化配置(zhi)。二是土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)交叉細(xi)(xi)碎，部分基礎(chu)設施(shi)較(jiao)差。由于農(nong)民承包的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)較(jiao)為分散，質量也有所不(bu)(bu)(bu)同。在實(shi)行(xing)大(da)(da)面積土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)時，要跟所有村民進行(xing)協(xie)商，難度(du)較(jiao)大(da)(da)。交叉細(xi)(xi)碎的(de)(de)(de)耕地(di)(di)(di)對(dui)于農(nong)業機(ji)械的(de)(de)(de)使用也產生(sheng)了較(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)約，機(ji)械化程度(du)低(di)，耕地(di)(di)(di)成(cheng)本(ben)較(jiao)高。部分土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)渠(qu)道堵塞(sai)、生(sheng)產條件惡化、基礎(chu)設施(shi)落后，對(dui)耕種造成(cheng)一定程度(du)影響。

2、土地(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)程序有待規(gui)范。部(bu)分(fen)土地(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)無序、隨意、分(fen)散。具體(ti)表現為：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)部(bu)分(fen)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)僅為口(kou)頭約定、沒有簽(qian)訂(ding)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)協議(yi)，土地(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)期限短(duan)，一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)1-2年內(nei)；二(er)是(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)協議(yi)不(bu)規(gui)范，內(nei)容(rong)過于簡單，對(dui)雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)權利義務及違約責任等缺(que)乏明確(que)具體(ti)的規(gui)定；三是(shi)(shi)有的合同未經管理機構審查(cha)、簽(qian)證(zheng)或(huo)公證(zheng)機關公證(zheng)。以(yi)上情況若當(dang)事人雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)出現糾紛，則難以(yi)解決。與此同時，土地(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)登記(ji)備案制度也在(zai)具體(ti)執行中存在(zai)漏洞(dong)，且多(duo)數流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)缺(que)乏相關備案登記(ji)和(he)土地(di)承(cheng)包經營權變更手(shou)續，流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)主體(ti)資格不(bu)明確(que)，不(bu)符合法律規(gui)定。

篇8

安徽省高校服務(wu)經(jing)濟社會(hui)發展基(ji)本情況(kuang)

安徽省高校服務經濟(ji)社會發展主要體(ti)現在培養輸(shu)送人才(cai)、項目(mu)支持和高新技術成果轉化和產(chan)業(ye)化等幾(ji)方面：

培養輸送人才

一是面向(xiang)經濟社會(hui)發展需要培(pei)養人(ren)才(cai)。安徽省(sheng)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)緊密圍繞全省(sheng)經濟發展的(de)(de)需要，特別是圍繞“861”行動計(ji)劃，以社會(hui)需求為導向(xiang)，積(ji)極調整高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構，有針對(dui)性地(di)培(pei)養高(gao)層次創新(xin)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)才(cai)。目前，省(sheng)屬高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)理、工、農(nong)、醫、管(guan)理學類的(de)(de)碩士點(dian)數(shu)所(suo)占比例(li)(li)已(yi)達67.5％，本科專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)點(dian)數(shu)所(suo)占的(de)(de)比例(li)(li)達66.1％；制造、材料、環保(bao)、旅(lv)游(you)等(deng)與安徽省(sheng)國民經濟發展密切相關的(de)(de)應用類專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)點(dian)比例(li)(li)已(yi)達到(dao)全部專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)點(dian)數(shu)的(de)(de)70％。

二(er)是(shi)積極選(xuan)派干(gan)部到(dao)縣鄉(xiang)村(cun)掛職鍛煉。近五年來(lai)，安徽省(sheng)(sheng)高校系統(tong)經省(sheng)(sheng)委組織部、省(sheng)(sheng)扶貧辦(ban)和團(tuan)省(sheng)(sheng)委共選(xuan)派了30余(yu)名處(chu)級干(gan)部到(dao)縣(區)擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)副縣長或科技副縣長。在省(sheng)(sheng)委組織部組織的(de)3批(pi)下派到(dao)鄉(xiang)鎮和村(cun)的(de)干(gan)部中，高校系統(tong)共有68名同志擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)鄉(xiang)鎮副書(shu)記(ji)、副鎮長和村(cun)黨支部第一書(shu)記(ji)，為(wei)當地(di)經濟(ji)社會發展做出了貢獻。

三是為(wei)(wei)(wei)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)培(pei)養輸送專(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)人(ren)才(cai)。安徽省積極探索實(shi)(shi)踐面(mian)向農(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)高等教育(yu)和(he)(he)(he)職業(ye)教育(yu)新模式，為(wei)(wei)(wei)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)培(pei)養輸送專(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)人(ren)才(cai)，主要包括：開(kai)展(zhan)農(nong)科(ke)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)單(dan)獨招生(sheng)試點工作，定向培(pei)養鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)致富帶(dai)頭人(ren)；面(mian)向基(ji)層(ceng)、面(mian)向農(nong)村(cun)(cun)，尤其是衛生(sheng)技術(shu)人(ren)員比(bi)較緊缺的(de)貧困縣(xian)、山(shan)區縣(xian)，定向招生(sheng)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮衛生(sheng)院培(pei)養衛生(sheng)技術(shu)人(ren)員；廣(guang)泛(fan)開(kai)展(zhan)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)轉移勞動力培(pei)訓(xun)，實(shi)(shi)施“一村(cun)(cun)一名(ming)大學(xue)生(sheng)計劃”，為(wei)(wei)(wei)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)培(pei)養“留得住、用得上”的(de)實(shi)(shi)用型技術(shu)人(ren)才(cai)。鼓(gu)勵支(zhi)持安徽農(nong)業(ye)大學(xue)在科(ke)技開(kai)發大別山(shan)和(he)(he)(he)服務地方經濟實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)形成(cheng)的(de)“大別山(shan)道路(lu)”，充分發揮該校(xiao)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)安徽省高級農(nong)業(ye)科(ke)技人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養基(ji)地、農(nong)業(ye)科(ke)技創新和(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)果轉化基(ji)地和(he)(he)(he)農(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)戰略(lve)研究(jiu)基(ji)地的(de)作用，為(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)設(she)(she)社(she)會主義新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)提(ti)供了更多(duo)的(de)科(ke)技和(he)(he)(he)人(ren)才(cai)支(zhi)撐。

項目支持

一(yi)是加強(qiang)產(chan)(chan)學(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)項(xiang)目合作(zuo)，推(tui)進(jin)高(gao)(gao)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術成果轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)和產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)。安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)通過委托研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)、合作(zuo)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)、技(ji)(ji)(ji)術轉(zhuan)讓、技(ji)(ji)(ji)術轉(zhuan)讓加銷售提成、合資入股、與企業(ye)(ye)共(gong)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)心等(deng)形(xing)式，在(zai)促進(jin)產(chan)(chan)學(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)合作(zuo)、創(chuang)新(xin)成果轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)和產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)面形(xing)成特色，有(you)力地(di)服務了(le)地(di)方(fang)(fang)經(jing)濟(ji)建設(she)，取得了(le)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)和社會效益(yi)。2005年以(yi)來，省(sheng)教育廳(ting)、各高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)已(yi)先后與有(you)關(guan)市縣共(gong)同組織(zhi)舉辦(ban)了(le)5次大規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)學(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)合作(zuo)活動(dong)，共(gong)簽訂(ding)合作(zuo)項(xiang)目680多(duo)項(xiang)，雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)投入研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)經(jing)費近(jin)2.6億(yi)元(yuan)。合肥工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)大學(xue)(xue)堅(jian)持“把(ba)論文寫在(zai)產(chan)(chan)品上、研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)做在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)、成果轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)在(zai)企業(ye)(ye)里”的(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)學(xue)(xue)理念，圍繞(rao)“以(yi)服務‘861’行動(dong)計劃為(wei)核心，開展科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)，構筑發(fa)(fa)(fa)展平(ping)臺”這一(yi)主(zhu)題，在(zai)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)制造業(ye)(ye)基地(di)、原材料產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基地(di)、化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基地(di)、能源產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基地(di)、高(gao)(gao)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基地(di)、優質安(an)(an)(an)全農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和供(gong)應基地(di)、防洪保(bao)安(an)(an)(an)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)和通達(da)(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、信(xin)息工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、生態工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面進(jin)行科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)和平(ping)臺建設(she)，探索實踐產(chan)(chan)學(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)結合、推(tui)進(jin)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)經(jing)濟(ji)社會創(chuang)新(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)路子，取得明顯成效；安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)大學(xue)(xue)與寧國中(zhong)鼎(ding)公司共(gong)建橡膠(jiao)(jiao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術與材料研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)中(zhong)心，合作(zuo)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)了(le)納米橡膠(jiao)(jiao)與汽(qi)車(che)關(guan)鍵零部件，已(yi)被列入國家科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)攻關(guan)引導(dao)項(xiang)目，年銷售總收入達(da)(da)到3億(yi)元(yuan)；安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)大學(xue)(xue)積極參與“小(xiao)麥(mai)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)攻關(guan)行動(dong)”，研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)并推(tui)廣小(xiao)麥(mai)新(xin)品種，為(wei)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)小(xiao)麥(mai)單(dan)產(chan)(chan)、總產(chan)(chan)雙(shuang)超歷(li)史最(zui)高(gao)(gao)記錄(lu)做出了(le)貢獻；安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)大學(xue)(xue)以(yi)自有(you)液(ye)壓(ya)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術創(chuang)辦(ban)馬鞍山(shan)驚天液(ye)壓(ya)錘(chui)有(you)限公司，其液(ye)壓(ya)錘(chui)產(chan)(chan)品在(zai)國內占據了(le)30％以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)市場。值得肯定的(de)(de)(de)是，安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)還擁有(you)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)型企業(ye)(ye)50多(duo)家，絕大部分(fen)經(jing)營情況良(liang)好，2007年度總收入已(yi)超過12億(yi)元(yuan)。

二是(shi)依托項目(mu)有(you)力助(zhu)推(tui)新農(nong)村(cun)建設。安徽省高校(xiao)積極開展(zhan)聯系幫(bang)扶長豐縣新農(nong)村(cun)建設“千村(cun)百鎮示范工程”活(huo)動，組織有(you)關開展(zhan)專業技能培訓，探索適合當地特(te)點(dian)的經濟開發(fa)項目(mu)。一些(xie)高校(xiao)幫(bang)助(zhu)一些(xie)縣(市、區(qu))制定了(le)新農(nong)村(cun)建設發(fa)展(zhan)規劃等(deng)。在服務“三(san)農(nong)”、推(tui)進新農(nong)村(cun)建設中，涌(yong)現了(le)一批心系農(nong)村(cun)、無私奉獻(xian)的典(dian)型，安徽大(da)學教授、全國(guo)“十(shi)大(da)扶貧狀元(yuan)”、“魔芋大(da)王”何(he)家(jia)慶就(jiu)是(shi)典(dian)型代(dai)表。

安徽(hui)省高校服務(wu)經濟社(she)會發展(zhan)存在的困(kun)難和問題(ti)

一些(xie)高(gao)校對服務(wu)經濟(ji)社會發(fa)展(zhan)的重(zhong)視程度(du)不夠(gou)

安徽省高校(xiao)中有不(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao)人認為搞基礎研(yan)究(jiu)和才(cai)是做學(xue)問，輕視應用研(yan)究(jiu)和科(ke)技成(cheng)果產業化，看(kan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起向(xiang)合(he)作(zuo)，看(kan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起產品開發(fa)和工(gong)藝創新，更看(kan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起科(ke)技成(cheng)果在(zai)縣鄉一(yi)級的(de)推廣(guang)工(gong)作(zuo)。一(yi)些大(da)學(xue)仍然偏向(xiang)于追(zhui)求純粹的(de)學(xue)術價(jia)值，論文(wen)導(dao)向(xiang)過(guo)重(zhong)，缺(que)乏服務(wu)社會的(de)現實責任。習慣于自我(wo)封閉在(zai)“象(xiang)牙塔”內，服務(wu)經濟(ji)社會發(fa)展主(zhu)戰場(chang)的(de)動力不(bu)(bu)(bu)足，能力匱(kui)乏。

科研經(jing)費和科技成果轉化經(jing)費相對不足

一是(shi)財政投入不(bu)(bu)足(zu)。安徽省(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)科研(yan)經(jing)費(fei)(fei)主(zhu)要依靠政府投入，由(you)于受(shou)財力限制(zhi)，與(yu)全國相比，安徽省(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)科技(ji)投入的(de)(de)總量(liang)偏(pian)小，強度不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，結構不(bu)(bu)盡合理。2005年，79所省(sheng)(sheng)屬高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)科技(ji)研(yan)究與(yu)發展經(jing)費(fei)(fei)累計支出還不(bu)(bu)到(dao)7000萬(wan)元(yuan)，全省(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教師人均(jun)年科技(ji)經(jing)費(fei)(fei)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)3000元(yuan)，僅(jin)占學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)經(jing)費(fei)(fei)總支出的(de)(de)2％；從(cong)各種(zhong)渠道獲得(de)的(de)(de)縱向(xiang)科技(ji)經(jing)費(fei)(fei)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)9000萬(wan)元(yuan)，僅(jin)為中(zhong)國科技(ji)大(da)學(xue)和合肥(fei)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)大(da)學(xue)兩所學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)縱向(xiang)經(jing)費(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)34％。由(you)于科研(yan)經(jing)費(fei)(fei)短(duan)缺(que)(que)，特別(bie)是(shi)由(you)于嚴重缺(que)(que)乏科技(ji)成(cheng)果在(zai)產業(ye)(ye)化(hua)前期的(de)(de)“種(zhong)子”資金(jin)，致使(shi)安徽省(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)相當一部分擁(yong)有市場價值的(de)(de)科技(ji)成(cheng)果不(bu)(bu)能得(de)到(dao)及時轉化(hua)。

二是(shi)(shi)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)渠道(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)暢。由于長期在計(ji)劃(hua)經濟體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)下(xia)運轉(zhuan)，缺乏強烈(lie)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理念、市(shi)場(chang)(chang)意(yi)識和(he)豐富的融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)實踐，因(yin)此，安(an)徽省高(gao)校一直(zhi)(zhi)難(nan)以(yi)充分有(you)效(xiao)地利用(yong)各種金融手段融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，成(cheng)果(guo)轉(zhuan)化和(he)創業主體(ti)(ti)還主要依賴中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業，科研(yan)(yan)成(cheng)果(guo)轉(zhuan)化可供利用(yong)的資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)相對單(dan)一、風險投資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)發展滯(zhi)后等(deng)問題(ti)突(tu)出。據統計(ji)，安(an)徽省中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)業個數少，融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)規模小(xiao)(xiao)，各類投資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公司不(bu)(bu)到20億(yi)元(yuan)，融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)能力(li)不(bu)(bu)足50億(yi)元(yuan)，其中(zhong)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)服(fu)務還不(bu)(bu)到15億(yi)元(yuan)，融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)能力(li)十分有(you)限。尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)目前，大多數高(gao)校負債運營(ying)，進一步(bu)加(jia)劇了(le)高(gao)校科研(yan)(yan)和(he)成(cheng)果(guo)轉(zhuan)化的融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)渠道(dao)(dao)“阻塞”，導致高(gao)校和(he)企(qi)(qi)業對科研(yan)(yan)成(cheng)果(guo)轉(zhuan)化項(xiang)目“不(bu)(bu)愿投”、“不(bu)(bu)敢投”或“無錢投”。

協調機制不夠健全

高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)推動(dong)經濟社會發展(zhan)是(shi)一個系統工(gong)程，最(zui)關(guan)鍵的(de)問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)要把(ba)握市場需求(qiu)動(dong)態，把(ba)人(ren)力、智力和(he)(he)項目供應方(fang)的(de)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)與作(zuo)(zuo)為需求(qiu)方(fang)的(de)地方(fang)政府、企(qi)業緊密聯系起來。這方(fang)面(mian)，安(an)徽(hui)省(sheng)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)地方(fang)政府、企(qi)業間(jian)還存在問(wen)題(ti)，尤其是(shi)各(ge)級政府在高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)地方(fang)企(qi)業之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)橋梁紐(niu)帶作(zuo)(zuo)用還沒有充分發揮，各(ge)級政府在產(chan)學研合作(zuo)(zuo)中的(de)主(zhu)導(dao)作(zuo)(zuo)用沒有切實發揮，高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)地方(fang)政府之(zhi)間(jian)緊密合作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)機制不夠健全，地方(fang)政府特(te)別是(shi)縣鄉政府、企(qi)業與高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)聯系不夠緊密，尚沒有形成(cheng)主(zhu)動(dong)對接、互通有無(wu)、共謀(mou)發展(zhan)的(de)良性格局。

科技成果服務經濟(ji)社(she)會發(fa)展的效能不高

安徽省高校科技(ji)成果轉化效(xiao)能比較(jiao)低的表現主(zhu)要有：

散――產學研合(he)作渠道不暢，各(ge)行其是(shi)。當前安徽省科(ke)技投入管(guan)理與調控缺(que)乏(fa)有效的資源整合(he)機制。科(ke)技投入管(guan)理政出多門、條塊分(fen)割、缺(que)乏(fa)統籌，往(wang)往(wang)造成重復立(li)項(xiang)與支(zhi)持不足矛盾(dun)、項(xiang)目研究開發(fa)與成果(guo)應(ying)用分(fen)離，分(fen)散。

少(shao)――直接(jie)用于經(jing)濟社會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)的應用開發(fa)類科技成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)偏少(shao)。現(xian)行高校(xiao)績效(xiao)評估機制容易使(shi)教(jiao)職工急功近(jin)利、心浮氣躁，樂(le)于做理論(lun)文章，忽(hu)視研(yan)究成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)的轉化，科研(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)往往是“只見(jian)(jian)論(lun)文不見(jian)(jian)效(xiao)益”，使(shi)科研(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)往往“束之高閣”，對經(jing)濟社會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)的直接(jie)推(tui)動作用較小(xiao)。

低(di)――應(ying)用開發類(lei)科(ke)技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)占高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)全(quan)部成(cheng)果(guo)的(de)比(bi)例以及轉(zhuan)化率(lv)低(di)。安徽省每年高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)發表的(de)科(ke)技(ji)論文數(shu)量超(chao)過1.5萬篇以上，三大(da)檢索(suo)系統收錄的(de)也超(chao)過4200篇，每年在研(yan)項目達7000余項，但是高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)每年獲(huo)得的(de)專利總數(shu)卻不足(zu)450項，被轉(zhuan)化的(de)科(ke)技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)每年不到500項，離發達國家80％的(de)科(ke)技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)轉(zhuan)化率(lv)相差很(hen)大(da)。

小――就地轉化的科研成(cheng)果產(chan)業規模多數(shu)較小。從各校簽訂(ding)的科技成(cheng)果轉讓合(he)同個體來看，多為單一(yi)項目的開發研究，合(he)同期短，合(he)同金額達到百萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)量級的很少，大多數(shu)合(he)同集(ji)中在1萬(wan)(wan)～5萬(wan)(wan)和10萬(wan)(wan)～20萬(wan)(wan)的數(shu)量級上。

失――一(yi)些開(kai)發(fa)前景較好的項目流向(xiang)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)達(da)地(di)區，形成(cheng)“墻里開(kai)花(hua)墻外(wai)香”的局面。據不完全統計(ji)，近年來，安(an)徽省高(gao)校(xiao)科技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)流向(xiang)省外(wai)的達(da)到70％～80％之(zhi)多。鼓(gu)勵高(gao)校(xiao)師生服務經(jing)濟(ji)社會發(fa)展的政策不夠健全

一(yi)是高校(xiao)現行管理、人事(shi)和激勵機制不(bu)利于引導師(shi)生基(ji)層創業。就科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)工作而言，安徽省高校(xiao)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)體系和社會相對(dui)脫離、自(zi)我封閉，科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)成(cheng)果(guo)的發(fa)表(biao)以及教師(shi)職稱(cheng)的評定(ding)都是在高校(xiao)內部系統進行，一(yi)旦評獎(jiang)(jiang)和職稱(cheng)評定(ding)結(jie)束(shu)，許多科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)成(cheng)果(guo)便(bian)完成(cheng)使命，因此(ci)，大多數科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)人員把評獎(jiang)(jiang)和評職稱(cheng)作為科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)首要(yao)目標，而不(bu)是主要(yao)用于促進經濟社會發(fa)展。

二是(shi)鼓勵(li)師(shi)(shi)生基(ji)層(ceng)創(chuang)業(ye)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)可操作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)不(bu)強。近些(xie)(xie)年，安徽省已(yi)經(jing)出臺(tai)了(le)一(yi)些(xie)(xie)鼓勵(li)師(shi)(shi)生到(dao)基(ji)層(ceng)創(chuang)業(ye)政(zheng)策(ce)，成(cheng)效顯著。但一(yi)些(xie)(xie)政(zheng)策(ce)仍然(ran)存(cun)在缺乏實施(shi)細則(ze)、操作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)不(bu)強等問題(ti)，導致一(yi)些(xie)(xie)師(shi)(shi)生雖然(ran)擁有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)些(xie)(xie)科技成(cheng)果，也有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)自(zi)主創(chuang)業(ye)的(de)渴望，但由(you)于(yu)對現有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)“含金(jin)量”把握不(bu)透，患得患失(shi)，畏縮不(bu)前；一(yi)些(xie)(xie)教師(shi)(shi)擔心下(xia)鄉(xiang)支農后自(zi)己的(de)待(dai)遇不(bu)能(neng)得到(dao)保障，反而影響自(zi)己的(de)職稱(cheng)評聘和教學(xue)(xue)(xue)科研(yan)工作(zuo)(zuo)；一(yi)些(xie)(xie)下(xia)縣鄉(xiang)掛(gua)職的(de)教職工由(you)于(yu)組織關心不(bu)夠或一(yi)些(xie)(xie)政(zheng)策(ce)待(dai)遇沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兌(dui)現，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“到(dao)村鎮有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)就(jiu)感(gan)，到(dao)家里有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)愧疚感(gan)，到(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)失(shi)落感(gan)，到(dao)單位有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)適(shi)感(gan)”的(de)想法；一(yi)些(xie)(xie)選調到(dao)縣鄉(xiang)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)優秀(xiu)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生，由(you)于(yu)編制、資金(jin)等問題(ti)，沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)得到(dao)充分的(de)干(gan)事舞臺(tai)和平(ping)臺(tai)，影響了(le)干(gan)事創(chuang)業(ye)的(de)積極性(xing)；鼓勵(li)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生自(zi)主創(chuang)業(ye)的(de)小額貸款，也存(cun)在審批嚴(yan)格、擔保門檻較高的(de)問題(ti)。

進(jin)一步推(tui)進(jin)安徽省(sheng)高校服務經濟社會發展的對策建議

創新完善體制機制

一是建(jian)立聯席會(hui)議制(zhi)(zhi)度。建(jian)議由省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)教育廳牽頭(tou)，省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發改委、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農委、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)經(jing)委、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人事廳、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)財政廳、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)科(ke)(ke)技廳等部門(men)參加，建(jian)立聯系會(hui)議制(zhi)(zhi)度，協調解(jie)決高校服務(wu)經(jing)濟社會(hui)的(de)(de)人力(li)、智力(li)、財力(li)、項目(mu)等重(zhong)大問題，不(bu)斷提高科(ke)(ke)技創新的(de)(de)自主(zhu)率(lv)、科(ke)(ke)技創新的(de)(de)品牌率(lv)、科(ke)(ke)技成果的(de)(de)轉化率(lv)、科(ke)(ke)技成果的(de)(de)本土(tu)率(lv)和科(ke)(ke)技難題的(de)(de)破解(jie)率(lv)。

二是健全(quan)信息(xi)溝通(tong)和合(he)作機制(zhi)。高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)為(wei)地方經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)設服(fu)務(wu)的運行機制(zhi)應(ying)是一個高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)自主(zhu)(zhu)辦(ban)學、社(she)(she)(she)會參與(yu)、市(shi)場調節和政(zheng)府(fu)宏觀(guan)調控(kong)有機結合(he)的機制(zhi)。高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)、政(zheng)府(fu)和企業(ye)應(ying)積(ji)極(ji)作出(chu)努(nu)力(li)(li)，建(jian)(jian)立供求信息(xi)暢通(tong)的良性機制(zhi)，努(nu)力(li)(li)使(shi)更(geng)多的創(chuang)新資源在(zai)安(an)徽聚集，更(geng)多的創(chuang)新技(ji)術在(zai)安(an)徽交易，更(geng)多的創(chuang)新成果在(zai)安(an)徽轉化。高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)要改變觀(guan)念，立足(zu)安(an)徽省(sheng)縣鄉經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社(she)(she)(she)會發(fa)展，主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)適(shi)應(ying)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社(she)(she)(she)會發(fa)展需(xu)要，改變人才培養模(mo)式，增大應(ying)用(yong)研(yan)究項(xiang)目比例，調整(zheng)評價(jia)標準和獎勵(li)(li)機制(zhi)，做好與(yu)有關縣市(shi)、企業(ye)對(dui)(dui)(dui)接(jie)工作。應(ying)充分發(fa)揮(hui)政(zheng)府(fu)在(zai)促(cu)進(jin)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)服(fu)務(wu)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社(she)(she)(she)會發(fa)展中的主(zhu)(zhu)導作用(yong)，省(sheng)級政(zheng)府(fu)要注意優化環(huan)境，出(chu)臺政(zheng)策，形成有利于高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)服(fu)務(wu)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社(she)(she)(she)會發(fa)展的政(zheng)策導向，同時引導鼓(gu)勵(li)(li)縣鄉政(zheng)府(fu)、企業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)與(yu)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)接(jie)。各級地方政(zheng)府(fu)和企業(ye)要主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)與(yu)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)接(jie)，建(jian)(jian)立長效合(he)作機制(zhi)，提出(chu)需(xu)求，提供條件(jian)，積(ji)極(ji)依(yi)托高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)解決難題。

加大財政和政策(ce)扶持力度

一(yi)是加(jia)大(da)(da)財政(zheng)扶持力度(du)。對于(yu)有明確(que)市場前景(jing)、高(gao)技(ji)(ji)術內(nei)涵、對安(an)徽產業有巨大(da)(da)示范帶動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)用的(de)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)成果(guo)，政(zheng)府應(ying)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)介入(ru)投(tou)資。建(jian)議以國家“大(da)(da)飛機模式”設(she)(she)立(li)(li)政(zheng)府大(da)(da)型科(ke)技(ji)(ji)成果(guo)投(tou)資專(zhuan)項基(ji)金，列入(ru)年度(du)預算，并(bing)按(an)照發展(zhan)需(xu)要每年適度(du)增加(jia)，主(zhu)要用于(yu)安(an)徽省高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)成果(guo)轉化而(er)開展(zhan)組織協調(diao)、調(diao)查研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)、考察論(lun)證(zheng)、學(xue)術交流、服務平臺建(jian)設(she)(she)等(deng)工(gong)作(zuo)。建(jian)議專(zhuan)門設(she)(she)立(li)(li)“社會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義新農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)專(zhuan)項研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)基(ji)金”，鼓勵高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)開展(zhan)新農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)重(zhong)大(da)(da)理論(lun)、實踐和共性(xing)問題的(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。同(tong)時，高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)自身(shen)也應(ying)將(jiang)校(xiao)(xiao)內(nei)原有的(de)“繁(fan)榮哲學(xue)社會(hui)(hui)科(ke)學(xue)基(ji)金”、“校(xiao)(xiao)長青年科(ke)學(xue)基(ji)金”、“大(da)(da)學(xue)生創業基(ji)金”等(deng)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)基(ji)金，劃出專(zhuan)門比(bi)例，資助應(ying)用項目研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)和科(ke)技(ji)(ji)成果(guo)轉化工(gong)作(zuo)。

二(er)是積極拓展融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)渠道。除了(le)一般(ban)的(de)(de)項目融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、國內商業(ye)銀(yin)行(xing)信貸(dai)外，幫助高校(xiao)利用政(zheng)(zheng)府貼息的(de)(de)辦法吸(xi)引(yin)金(jin)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本來改造(zao)或擴建(jian)高校(xiao)基(ji)礎(chu)設施，通(tong)過資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本市(shi)場進行(xing)教(jiao)育(yu)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)――發(fa)行(xing)教(jiao)育(yu)國債、教(jiao)育(yu)彩票，成(cheng)立(li)(li)教(jiao)育(yu)銀(yin)行(xing)建(jian)立(li)(li)發(fa)展資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本基(ji)金(jin)、獲得國際銀(yin)行(xing)組織(zhi)貸(dai)款、吸(xi)收(shou)社(she)會(hui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)。建(jian)議出臺相關優惠經濟政(zheng)(zheng)策，為走出校(xiao)園創業(ye)的(de)(de)高校(xiao)師生在稅收(shou)、土地租金(jin)、“孵化”啟動資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)、貸(dai)款利率(lv)等(deng)方面予以(yi)配套支持；建(jian)立(li)(li)多元化的(de)(de)產學研合作投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)渠道，激活社(she)會(hui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)，促進高校(xiao)更多科技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)走向縣鄉，生根開花結果(guo)(guo)；積極促進風(feng)險(xian)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)市(shi)場發(fa)展，建(jian)立(li)(li)地方政(zheng)(zheng)府、企業(ye)和金(jin)融機(ji)構等(deng)共擔的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)機(ji)制，解決社(she)會(hui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)“不愿投(tou)(tou)”、“不敢投(tou)(tou)”、“無錢投(tou)(tou)”的(de)(de)問(wen)題，為高校(xiao)科技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)落戶企業(ye)提供資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)和風(feng)險(xian)保障。建(jian)立(li)(li)科技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)擔保融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)制度，由政(zheng)(zheng)府主導，設立(li)(li)專門科技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)擔保公司(si)，允許科技(ji)人員以(yi)自有知識產權的(de)(de)科技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)評(ping)估作價(jia)后向擔保公司(si)質押貸(dai)款。

加快創新平臺建設

一是要繼續推進(jin)以(yi)原創(chuang)(chuang)性科學(xue)研究(jiu)和戰略高技術研究(jiu)為主(zhu)要目標的(de)知識(shi)創(chuang)(chuang)新平臺建(jian)設(she)(she)。加強國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)，在加大對中國(guo)(guo)科技大學(xue)已有3個(ge)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)力(li)度的(de)同(tong)時，按照國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)布局，根據安(an)徽省(sheng)經濟、社會(hui)發展及新興學(xue)科建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)需要，選擇2～3個(ge)省(sheng)部級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，進(jin)行(xing)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)建(jian)設(she)(she)，力(li)爭(zheng)用5年左右的(de)時間有1～2個(ge)進(jin)入國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)行(xing)列。進(jin)一步抓好(hao)省(sheng)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)。以(yi)省(sheng)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)學(xue)科、博士(shi)(碩(shuo)士(shi))學(xue)位點(dian)為主(zhu)要依托(tuo)，將相關科技資源進(jin)行(xing)整合(he)、重(zhong)(zhong)組，新建(jian)設(she)(she)30千左右省(sheng)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

二是(shi)要(yao)大(da)力(li)加(jia)強(qiang)以行業(ye)共性技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、產品開發和技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)轉移為主要(yao)目標的(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新平臺建設(she)。通過采(cai)取高校與企業(ye)、行業(ye)合(he)作(zuo)共建的(de)方(fang)式，首批遴選20個左右省級(ji)工程(技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu))研究中心(xin)。省財政應(ying)繼續(xu)加(jia)大(da)投入(ru)，力(li)爭“十一五”期間(jian)有1～3個中心(xin)進入(ru)國家研究中心(xin)建設(she)行列。

三是要(yao)加強以公共服務和科技資源共享為主要(yao)目標的公共服務平臺建設。抓住信(xin)息(xi)化建設的發展(zhan)機遇，以信(xin)息(xi)化帶(dai)

動教(jiao)育、科(ke)研(yan)工作現(xian)代化(hua)，并以此為基礎搭建教(jiao)育科(ke)研(yan)公共服(fu)務平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)。具體包(bao)括：高(gao)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)計算機網絡(luo)服(fu)務平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，高(gao)性能計算服(fu)務平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，以科(ke)技成(cheng)果信息、科(ke)技期刊信息、圖書館(guan)和博(bo)物館(guan)為主體的(de)數字化(hua)科(ke)研(yan)信息資源平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，開放(fang)的(de)公共實驗平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，大型科(ke)學儀(yi)器設(she)備共享平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，科(ke)技成(cheng)果轉化(hua)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)等。

強化項目帶動功能

通過設置重(zhong)大項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)，引(yin)導鼓勵高校(xiao)圍(wei)(wei)繞(rao)安(an)徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)主創新實踐，打造(zao)學術團隊，實施(shi)科技(ji)(ji)攻(gong)關，力爭攻(gong)克一(yi)批(pi)(pi)對(dui)(dui)創新型安(an)徽(hui)(hui)建設有重(zhong)大支(zhi)撐(cheng)的(de)關鍵(jian)、共性(xing)和“瓶(ping)頸”技(ji)(ji)術，形(xing)成一(yi)批(pi)(pi)具(ju)有自(zi)主知識產(chan)權的(de)核(he)心技(ji)(ji)術；圍(wei)(wei)繞(rao)新農(nong)村(cun)建設，在小麥增(zeng)產(chan)計劃(hua)等(deng)的(de)基礎上(shang)，新上(shang)茶業振興行動(dong)(dong)、玉米振興行動(dong)(dong)、新農(nong)村(cun)民生(sheng)科技(ji)(ji)促(cu)進行動(dong)(dong)等(deng)計劃(hua)，促(cu)進高校(xiao)厘清角色定位，在這些重(zhong)大項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)有所作(zuo)為(wei)；圍(wei)(wei)繞(rao)安(an)徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)正在實施(shi)的(de)民生(sheng)工程，鼓勵高校(xiao)依托專題(ti)(ti)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)，發揮人才(cai)和智力優勢(shi)，積極(ji)開展決策(ce)咨詢服務和科技(ji)(ji)中(zhong)介(jie)服務，幫助政(zheng)府出(chu)臺相應政(zheng)策(ce)，解決具(ju)體問(wen)題(ti)(ti)；圍(wei)(wei)繞(rao)文化(hua)強省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)建設，引(yin)導高校(xiao)深(shen)入(ru)參(can)與徽(hui)(hui)文化(hua)的(de)保護、挖掘和開發利(li)用工作(zuo)，參(can)與安(an)徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公共文化(hua)服務體系建設和文化(hua)產(chan)業發展，在促(cu)進安(an)徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)文化(hua)大發展大繁榮中(zhong)發揮不可替(ti)代作(zuo)用；針對(dui)(dui)安(an)徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)村(cun)環(huan)境污染防治、公共突發事件、政(zheng)府行政(zheng)管理改革等(deng)熱點難點問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，設置項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)，委托高校(xiao)深(shen)入(ru)研究，提供(gong)解決方案等(deng)等(deng)。

加強人才培養和輸送力度

一是創新人才(cai)培養模式。按照“厚口徑、寬(kuan)基礎(chu)、強能(neng)力(li)、高(gao)(gao)素質(zhi)”原則，積極進(jin)行教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)改革和(he)實踐創新，努力(li)培養各類實用管理(li)和(he)技(ji)術(shu)人才(cai)。一方(fang)面，高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)要主(zhu)動承辦政(zheng)府和(he)企業舉辦的培訓班，讓不同領(ling)域的學(xue)(xue)員走進(jin)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)，接受學(xue)(xue)歷教(jiao)育(yu)和(he)技(ji)能(neng)培訓。另一方(fang)面，市縣要主(zhu)動與(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)聯合，聯手打造人才(cai)培訓和(he)科(ke)技(ji)成果推廣基地(di)，使課(ke)堂進(jin)企業，進(jin)城鎮、進(jin)農村(cun)，讓教(jiao)師走出去、下基層。以推進(jin)“農民(min)(min)素質(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)”為(wei)重點，結合“勞動力(li)轉移陽光(guang)培訓工(gong)程(cheng)”、“新型農民(min)(min)科(ke)技(ji)培訓工(gong)程(cheng)”和(he)“農業科(ke)技(ji)入戶工(gong)程(cheng)”、“一村(cun)一品”等(deng)工(gong)程(cheng)的實施，高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)與(yu)(yu)市縣鄉鎮合作，不斷(duan)拓寬(kuan)新型農民(min)(min)培訓途徑，為(wei)我省(sheng)新農村(cun)建設提供人才(cai)支撐(cheng)。

二(er)是加(jia)大(da)人(ren)(ren)才輸送力(li)度。繼續實施(shi)“一(yi)村(cun)一(yi)名(ming)大(da)學生計(ji)劃”，利用5年左(zuo)右時間培(pei)養6000人(ren)(ren)，為新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設培(pei)養大(da)批“留得住、用得上”的鄉土人(ren)(ren)才。進一(yi)步加(jia)大(da)選派科(ke)技人(ren)(ren)員(自然科(ke)學和社(she)會科(ke)學要同等重視)到(dao)縣、鄉掛(gua)職(zhi)力(li)度，為更(geng)多(duo)的渴求(qiu)直接在我省經濟社(she)會中建功立業的師生創造(zao)條件(jian)，為更(geng)多(duo)的德才兼備(bei)的師生服務基層農(nong)(nong)村(cun)提供渠道和保(bao)障。

篇9

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甲午戰(zhan)敗(bai)之后,有(you)識(shi)之士認(ren)識(shi)到農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)發展(zhan)工商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)基礎,是(shi)國(guo)強(qiang)民富的(de)(de)(de)根本(ben),于是(shi)興起了新的(de)(de)(de)重農(nong)(nong)(nong)思(si)潮(chao)。在這(zhe)種(zhong)思(si)潮(chao)影響下,西方(fang)近(jin)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)不斷(duan)被翻譯、引(yin)進(jin)。而這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)必須為廣(guang)大農(nong)(nong)(nong)民所(suo)掌握,才能(neng)最終(zhong)取得效果。所(suo)以(yi),基層(ceng)政府、士紳、農(nong)(nong)(nong)會、農(nong)(nong)(nong)事試驗場等(deng)不但意(yi)識(shi)到了這(zhe)一點,并為此(ci)付(fu)諸實際(ji)行(xing)動。他(ta)們通過興辦(ban)形(xing)式各異的(de)(de)(de)基層(ceng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學校、散發農(nong)(nong)(nong)書農(nong)(nong)(nong)報、舉辦(ban)農(nong)(nong)(nong)事演(yan)說等(deng)教育(yu)形(xing)式,將西方(fang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)普及推廣(guang)到基層(ceng),使農(nong)(nong)(nong)民初(chu)步掌握了一些(xie)(xie)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)學知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi),開啟了民智。研究基層(ceng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教育(yu)與(yu)西方(fang)近(jin)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)推廣(guang)之間的(de)(de)(de)關系是(shi)非常有(you)價(jia)值的(de)(de)(de),對當今的(de)(de)(de)“科(ke)(ke)技下鄉”具有(you)借鑒作用,而學術界對此(ci)則鮮有(you)關注(zhu),相關論文尚付(fu)闕如,故而本(ben)文試作初(chu)步探(tan)討。

一、興辦各類基層(ceng)農業學(xue)校,提高農民科技文化素質

1905年,科舉制廢除(chu)之(zhi)后,各(ge)級(ji)各(ge)類新(xin)式(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)由此紛(fen)紛(fen)興(xing)辦開來。其(qi)(qi)中,有(you)的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)明確其(qi)(qi)培養目(mu)標,即培育近代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技(ji)人(ren)才,通過他們將西(xi)方農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技(ji)知識傳(chuan)授于農(nong)(nong)(nong)民。如山(shan)(shan)西(xi)興(xing)辦農(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)(tang),“飭令保(bao)送(song)之(zhi)州縣(xian)(xian),必(bi)(bi)其(qi)(qi)地有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)利(li)可(ke)(ke)興(xing)者(zhe),保(bao)送(song)之(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng),必(bi)(bi)其(qi)(qi)家有(you)田(tian)產(chan)可(ke)(ke)耕者(zhe),庶(shu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)成(cheng)回(hui)里,籍手試驗,不(bu)托(tuo)空言(yan)”。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)“卒業(ye)(ye)后即可(ke)(ke)散歸(gui)本(ben)地,充小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)教(jiao)習”。如此,“則農(nong)(nong)(nong)林專(zhuan)門之(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),數年間即傳(chuan)播(bo)全晉”。常(chang)鎮(zhen)道郭月樓觀察“擬(ni)(ni)在(zai)鎮(zhen)設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)師范學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)一(yi)所(suo),招生(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)授,以便畢業(ye)(ye)后分派各(ge)縣(xian)(xian),充當教(jiao)習”。鎮(zhen)江士(shi)紳(shen)(shen)在(zai)圖山(shan)(shan)“兼設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)(tang),以廣傳(chuan)習”。“寶山(shan)(shan)西(xi)南各(ge)鄉(xiang)士(shi)紳(shen)(shen),議就(jiu)江灣鎮(zhen)設(she)立蠶業(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao),聘(pin)(pin)吳君紹伯為(wei)校(xiao)(xiao)長,遵(zun)照奏(zou)定中等(deng)實業(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)辦法,議章興(xing)辦。”四(si)川東鄉(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分會(hui)“借農(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)局(ju)作為(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)(tang),招集(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)家子弟研(yan)究農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye),分赴各(ge)鄉(xiang),或興(xing)水利(li),或講(jiang)畜牧,或精(jing)樹藝”目(mu)。湖(hu)南巴陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)梁仲鑠大(da)令“擬(ni)(ni)先辦實業(ye)(ye)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)一(yi)所(suo),專(zhuan)習蠶桑(sang)。嗣因經(jing)費難籌,乃就(jiu)高等(deng)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)(tang),附(fu)設(she)實業(ye)(ye)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)一(yi)班”。后因學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)增多,校(xiao)(xiao)舍不(bu)敷應用,“經(jing)邑尊會(hui)商(shang)(shang)勸學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)所(suo)及高等(deng)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)(tang),各(ge)紳(shen)(shen)董擬(ni)(ni)就(jiu)兩處各(ge)提(ti)款項若干,另行籌辦”。徽州“有(you)茶(cha)(cha)商(shang)(shang)籌款組織(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)初等(deng)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)(tang),并延(yan)聘(pin)(pin)教(jiao)員,招考學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)入堂(tang)(tang)(tang)研(yan)究,俾資造就(jiu)以維(wei)茶(cha)(cha)業(ye)(ye)”。六(liu)安、霍山(shan)(shan)等(deng)州縣(xian)(xian)還設(she)立了“茶(cha)(cha)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)講(jiang)習所(suo)”,“招生(sheng)(sheng)研(yan)究”。這些新(xin)式(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)造就(jiu)的(de)人(ren)才,成(cheng)為(wei)推廣近代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技(ji)知識的(de)一(yi)支(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)力軍。

州縣一(yi)級的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)學校(xiao),在培養(yang)編(bian)制以內正式招收學生的(de)(de)同時,還無(wu)償(chang)地為當(dang)地農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)提供咨詢,開(kai)闊其眼界(jie),對近代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科技知(zhi)識在基層(ceng)的(de)(de)推廣(guang)起了更直接(jie)的(de)(de)作用。如《秀水(shui)試辦蠶(can)學分(fen)會(hui)(hui)章(zhang)程》中明確規定:“本(ben)會(hui)(hui)養(yang)蠶(can)制種各法(fa),聽人前(qian)來(lai)觀看,共見共聞,以開(kai)風氣。”“有(you)(you)欲(yu)查養(yang)法(fa)者,盡可親至(zhi)蠶(can)房觀看,并無(wu)需禁(jin)忌(ji)。”“鄰近各地,欲(yu)請教(jiao)習察看其家養(yang)蠶(can)者,可來(lai)館(guan)(guan)報知(zhi),教(jiao)習即行往看,有(you)(you)不合(he)法(fa)處,自當(dang)一(yi)一(yi)指示,不取分(fen)文。除請者太多,及本(ben)館(guan)(guan)事(shi)忙,不能分(fen)身,此(ci)外(wai)均可前(qian)往。”“遠地欲(yu)考求諸法(fa),可寫信與(yu)本(ben)會(hui)(hui),即當(dang)復信。鄉(xiang)間不便(bian)寫信者,托親友來(lai)館(guan)(guan)代達亦可。”“本(ben)縣深知(zhi)百姓(xing)艱苦,特設此(ci)會(hui)(hui),以為補救,面諭莊書地保,每莊中擇養(yang)蠶(can)能識字者一(yi)二人,來(lai)看養(yang)法(fa),一(yi)切不用花費(fei)。”上述蠶(can)學館(guan)(guan)一(yi)切為基層(ceng)蠶(can)戶著想,傳播先進(jin)的(de)(de)養(yang)蠶(can)技術知(zhi)識,急農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)之所急,著實令人動容。

有的(de)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)則業余向農(nong)民(min)授課(ke),如(ru)豐潤(run)縣令(ling)將當(dang)(dang)地舊(jiu)(jiu)式學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)改造成新式學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)后(hou),又添農(nong)科,用通俗語(yu)言向農(nong)民(min)傳(chuan)(chuan)授近(jin)代農(nong)業知識,“徑向報館,購定《農(nong)學(xue)報》24份(fen)(fen),延請(qing)(qing)縣屬學(xue)術勤奮、略通算學(xue)、化學(xue)生員王(wang)金綬、梁直(zhi)臣二人,各持一(yi)份(fen)(fen),擇定城鄉(xiang)通衢,用土話逐日(ri)講(jiang)說。設(she)有長條木(mu)凳,任(ren)農(nong)夫野老。坐(zuo)而(er)觀聽。遇有不明(ming)者,隨(sui)時詰問(wen)(wen)。由官酬給薪水,不取民(min)間分(fen)文。……一(yi)面(mian)勸諭紳(shen)民(min),自(zi)行購閱(yue),務使(shi)家喻戶曉(xiao),開民(min)智而(er)厚民(min)生”。淮(huai)安蠶桑(sang)公院(yuan)是(shi)一(yi)所(suo)民(min)辦學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao),授課(ke)內容(rong)有:種桑(sang)、飼蠶、制(zhi)種、繅絲、織綢(chou)。該校(xiao)(xiao)允許(xu)農(nong)民(min)免(mian)費(fei)聽課(ke),傳(chuan)(chuan)授蠶桑(sang)知識,以(yi)改進當(dang)(dang)地的(de)蠶桑(sang)技術。“其舊(jiu)(jiu)法之(zhi)未善者,用新法改良,準農(nong)民(min)來園(yuan)觀看習學(xue),裨人人得知種桑(sang)之(zhi)法”。桐鄉(xiang)蠶學(xue)館亦有類似做(zuo)法:鄉(xiang)民(min)“如(ru)欲通曉(xiao)育蠶之(zhi)新法,可(ke)至本(ben)館觀看。有未明(ming)之(zhi)處,可(ke)問(wen)(wen)本(ben)館,當(dang)(dang)詳細指示”。舒城縣斌農(nong)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)在城所(suo)屬各鄉(xiang)分(fen)設(she)農(nong)會,規定學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)教(jiao)習們(men)按時赴(fu)會講(jiang)課(ke),“先行宣講(jiang)圣諭廣訓,次及農(nong)學(xue)報章。凡(fan)附近(jin)農(nong)民(min),皆可(ke)受業請(qing)(qing)益”。

以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上正(zheng)規農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)在教學(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)余,免費將西(xi)方近代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技知(zhi)識送到農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)手中(zhong)。另有(you)一些農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)是專為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)開(kai)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)的,稱“半日學(xue)(xue)(xue)堂”“農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業講(jiang)習所(suo)(suo)”“農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業肄(yi)習會(hui)”等(deng),類似今天(tian)的夜校(xiao)。如“泰州(zhou)有(you)高君人(ren)鑒(jian)、陳(chen)君鐘駿(jun)等(deng),組織(zhi)泰州(zhou)普益蠶(can)桑公(gong)(gong)司,并附設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務半日學(xue)(xue)(xue)堂”,“翻譯(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)書農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)報,編成課(ke)本,教授農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)”。直(zhi)隸(li)無極縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)會(hui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寺廟“后面(mian)(mian)正(zheng)房(fang)三間為(wei)半日學(xue)(xue)(xue)堂”。昆新紳(shen)商“擬創(chuang)設(she)蠶(can)事(shi)試驗(yan)場(chang),并附設(she)女(nv)子講(jiang)習所(suo)(suo),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)開(kai)風(feng)氣。先招本科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)四十(shi)(shi)名,別科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)四十(shi)(shi)名,實習科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)一百(bai)名。年(nian)在十(shi)(shi)四歲(sui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上,二十(shi)(shi)三歲(sui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下者,入本科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。別科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)十(shi)(shi)五歲(sui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上,四十(shi)(shi)歲(sui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下。身體健全,能耐勞苦者,入實習科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。一概不取(qu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)費,定(ding)期明正(zheng)。十(shi)(shi)五日起(qi)至二十(shi)(shi)日止,在墾牧(mu)公(gong)(gong)司報名,聽候考驗(yan)”。湖(hu)北“當(dang)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)龔紳(shen)寶瑯,在該縣(xian)(xian)創(chuang)設(she)蠶(can)桑公(gong)(gong)社(she),置買田地(di),購辦(ban)(ban)(ban)桑種,建(jian)造講(jiang)習所(suo)(suo),招徒延師”。講(jiang)習所(suo)(suo)“將培飼(si)(si)之(zhi)法(fa)編成俚言,使(shi)鄉民(min)周知(zhi)”舊。湖(hu)南(nan)“日本東亞蠶(can)業學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)畢(bi)業生龍汝(ru)翼、胡鎮等(deng)近日聯絡同志,籌(chou)集股款,就北關外(wai)蠶(can)桑公(gong)(gong)社(she)之(zhi)側(ce),開(kai)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)社(she)一所(suo)(suo),名日經綸學(xue)(xue)(xue)社(she)。擬招生三十(shi)(shi)人(ren),講(jiang)習飼(si)(si)蠶(can)諸法(fa),限六個月畢(bi)業”㈣。江西(xi)萬載縣(xian)(xian)“其潭(tan)浦地(di)方,有(you)荒山(shan)一障,系黃商為(wei)鉆之(zhi)業,已赴縣(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)稟,情愿(yuan)捐歸農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業會(hui)墾種,辦(ban)(ban)(ban)理農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務,尚(shang)稱認真(zhen)。是月,據該縣(xian)(xian)張令(ling)之(zhi)銳稟報,于西(xi)門(men)城外(wai)西(xi)屏(ping)山(shan)寺,設(she)立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業肄(yi)習會(hui),專以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)講(jiang)求改良、開(kai)通智識”,于是,在有(you)活動時,“耆老農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)夫,齊(qi)集農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)會(hui)”。揚州(zhou)哈榮春“借馬監巷清(qing)真(zhen)寺為(wei)校(xiao)舍”,創(chuang)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)了牧(mu)民(min)學(xue)(xue)(xue)堂。

江(jiang)西有的州縣(xian)還專為農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)設(she)立了“三余(yu)學(xue)堂(tang)(tang)”。1904年,江(jiang)西農(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)商礦總局成立時(shi),為了支持和(he)鼓(gu)勵本(ben)省官紳商人(ren)發(fa)展(zhan)實業(ye),制定了開(kai)局應辦(ban)(ban)章(zhang)程十(shi)條,要求:“各(ge)廳州縣(xian)每(mei)村設(she)三余(yu)學(xue)堂(tang)(tang),為擇一文(wen)理明白者教(jiao)之,凡(fan)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)隙,若冬(dong)與(yu)夜,及(ji)避(bi)雨休息之時(shi),可因勢利導(dao),教(jiao)之識(shi)字,并講(jiang)一切墾(ken)牧之法,或就農(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)書編成淺說(shuo),務宜(yi)婦孺都解,以(yi)備講(jiang)習。每(mei)村設(she)一村董,每(mei)廳州縣(xian)各(ge)設(she)一總董,其三余(yu)學(xue)堂(tang)(tang)經(jing)費,凡(fan)就地有迎神賽會演劇,一切無(wu)益之費,酌量提出應用(yong)(yong),務擇清正紳董經(jing)理,毋任虛糜。”_21_此章(zhang)程對(dui)“三余(yu)學(xue)堂(tang)(tang)”的開(kai)辦(ban)(ban)起到了推動 作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),如永寧(ning)縣(xian)“光緒三十(shi)年,胡令嘉銓表(biao)稱……并于因公下鄉,傳集各(ge)鄉識(shi)字老農(nong)(nong)(nong),飭(chi)設(she)三余(yu)學(xue)堂(tang)(tang),將奉發(fa)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)叢書》、《農(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)報》摘其淺近者,講(jiang)解演說(shuo),使人(ren)易(yi)曉。八月表(biao)稱,各(ge)鄉設(she)立三余(yu)學(xue)堂(tang)(tang)者,已有數處”。龍泉縣(xian)“諭令各(ge)鄉設(she)立三余(yu)學(xue)堂(tang)(tang),將奉發(fa)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)報》及(ji)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)叢書》,發(fa)給抄閱,各(ge)鄉紳來(lai)(lai)署抄錄者,絡繹不絕”。如果堅持下去,這樣的農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)學(xue)校對(dui)傳播和(he)推廣近代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科技(ji)知識(shi)以(yi)及(ji)開(kai)風氣來(lai)(lai)說(shuo),具有直接的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。

二、散發農(nong)書農(nong)報,將(jiang)西(xi)方近(jin)代農(nong)業科技知識送下鄉

散(san)發農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)書(shu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)報是一(yi)種重要(yao)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業教(jiao)育方式(shi),有(you)利于將西方近代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業科(ke)技知識送到(dao)廣大鄉村。基層政(zheng)府和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)會(hui)(hui)或購買農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)書(shu),如廣東欽州農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)分(fen)會(hui)(hui)“購農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)各種書(shu)籍(ji)陳列(lie)會(hui)(hui)內,俾有(you)志實(shi)業者。得以(yi)隨時入會(hui)(hui)瀏覽”;或對《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)學報》《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)學叢書(shu)》及其他農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業書(shu)籍(ji)所載內容進(jin)行篩選(xuan),將實(shi)用而又切實(shi)可行的近代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業知識摘出,用通俗(su)語言整理成農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業科(ke)普材料(liao),送到(dao)鄉下(xia)去,向農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)傳授。

羅(luo)振玉創辦(ban)的(de)(de)《農(nong)(nong)學(xue)(xue)報(bao)》及(ji)(ji)其編輯(ji)的(de)(de)《農(nong)(nong)學(xue)(xue)叢(cong)(cong)書(shu)(shu)》,包含(han)大量新近譯出的(de)(de)西(xi)方近代農(nong)(nong)業科(ke)技知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi),各(ge)州縣(xian)經常會派人篩選出適合當地(di)情況而又(you)讓農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)能夠接受的(de)(de)內(nei)容,改編成宣(xuan)傳材料(liao)(liao),送給農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)或向農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)講(jiang)解。如進賢(xian)縣(xian)“報(bao)紙十份,未能遍(bian)給,得(de)報(bao)諸生童,務(wu)宜(yi)詳(xiang)閱(yue)考(kao)究,仿照試辦(ban),及(ji)(ji)與(yu)人同傳觀(guan),并(bing)須(xu)隨處將報(bao)中一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)切(qie)要(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)語(yu),與(yu)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)講(jiang)解,俾(bi)可(ke)(ke)周知(zhi)(zhi)。總期(qi)大開風氣(qi),有益地(di)方,是(shi)為至(zhi)要(yao)”。江西(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些縣(xian)令(ling)對(dui)摘(zhai)(zhai)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)《農(nong)(nong)學(xue)(xue)報(bao)》、散(san)發于(yu)(yu)鄉(xiang)村也頗為重視(shi)。如宜(yi)春縣(xian)“平岡(gang)種(zhong)(zhong)苧麻(ma),土(tu)性本屬相宜(yi),唯培(pei)養(yang)不(bu)甚得(de)法,仍(reng)復不(bu)見蕃茂,現將奉(feng)發之(zhi)(zhi)《農(nong)(nong)學(xue)(xue)報(bao)》,摘(zhai)(zhai)取簡(jian)(jian)要(yao)易(yi)行者(zhe),分(fen)條(tiao)(tiao)出示(shi),俾(bi)眾周知(zhi)(zhi)”。萍(ping)鄉(xiang)縣(xian)“(光緒)三(san)十年八(ba)月,彭令(ling)繼昆(kun)表稱,該縣(xian)民(min)(min)勤耕(geng)種(zhong)(zhong),少有荒廢田地(di)。節經督飭紳耆,隨時(shi)勸(quan)導鄉(xiang)農(nong)(nong),后將奉(feng)發《農(nong)(nong)學(xue)(xue)叢(cong)(cong)書(shu)(shu)》及(ji)(ji)《農(nong)(nong)學(xue)(xue)報(bao)》內(nei),擇(ze)其風土(tu)相宜(yi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)種(zhong)(zhong)植、畜牧、制造各(ge)法,摘(zhai)(zhai)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)簡(jian)(jian)要(yao)易(yi)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe),分(fen)條(tiao)(tiao)撰示(shi),使民(min)(min)周知(zhi)(zhi)”。蓮花縣(xian)“購到《農(nong)(nong)話》一(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu),已派人在(zai)城鄉(xiang)宣(xuan)講(jiang),并(bing)摘(zhai)(zhai)《農(nong)(nong)學(xue)(xue)叢(cong)(cong)書(shu)(shu)》演說,以(yi)(yi)開農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)智(zhi)識(shi)”。靖(jing)安縣(xian)“山地(di)宜(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)桐(tong)、茶、松(song)、杉等樹(shu)。三(san)十三(san)年二月,鄭令(ling)應墀于(yu)(yu)接見紳耆時(shi),諭(yu)令(ling)勸(quan)導農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min),及(ji)(ji)時(shi)栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong),又(you)于(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)學(xue)(xue)書(shu)(shu)報(bao)內(nei),摘(zhai)(zhai)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)簡(jian)(jian)要(yao)各(ge)條(tiao)(tiao),鈔錄(lu)(lu)(lu)分(fen)發,俾(bi)資仿效”。在(zai)有的(de)(de)地(di)方,此類(lei)措施已經初(chu)見成效,如鄱陽縣(xian)“所種(zhong)(zhong)雜(za)糧以(yi)(yi)番薯為大宗,因農(nong)(nong)人不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)用肥(fei)(fei),前經教以(yi)(yi)多下骨灰等項含(han)磷肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao),今(jin)歲收成較豐,足(zu)見栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)法,必須(xu)講(jiang)求化(hua)學(xue)(xue)。又(you)于(yu)(yu)奉(feng)發《農(nong)(nong)學(xue)(xue)報(bao)》內(nei),擇(ze)其簡(jian)(jian)要(yao)易(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)行者(zhe),摘(zhai)(zhai)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)多條(tiao)(tiao),散(san)給鄉(xiang)民(min)(min),俾(bi)知(zhi)(zhi)考(kao)驗(yan)。前種(zhong)(zhong)苧麻(ma),均已成活,培(pei)養(yang)亦甚得(de)法,須(xu)待來(lai)年春,方能睹其成效。至(zhi)飼(si)蠶、繅絲、制綿、拈線諸藝(yi),民(min)(min)多習(xi)熟,現在(zai)互相教授,將來(lai)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)獲利無窮”。

因《農(nong)(nong)學報》和(he)《農(nong)(nong)學叢書(shu)》的內容不(bu)(bu)可能(neng)適(shi)合每個地區,所(suo)(suo)以各(ge)州縣(xian)(xian)會根(gen)據本(ben)(ben)地的實際情(qing)況編(bian)印農(nong)(nong)書(shu)農(nong)(nong)報,并廣為散發(fa),以彌(mi)補農(nong)(nong)民(min)的知(zhi)識缺陷。這種(zhong)教(jiao)育(yu)方(fang)式有利于(yu)(yu)(yu)將近代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業科技知(zhi)識推廣至(zhi)更廣大(da)的區域。如泰興縣(xian)(xian)知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)龍璋“參考古今植桑(sang)(sang)育(yu)蠶(can)諸(zhu)書(shu),編(bian)寫通俗讀(du)本(ben)(ben)《蠶(can)桑(sang)(sang)淺說》,以自(zi)己(ji)俸金(jin)刊(kan)印成書(shu),普遍(bian)發(fa)至(zhi)四鄉,以資(zi)啟迪”。寧陽縣(xian)(xian)“曹大(da)令(ling)撥校(xiao)場(chang)地基二十余(yu)畝(mu)辟為農(nong)(nong)事試驗場(chang),購(gou)買桑(sang)(sang)秧二千五(wu)百余(yu)株,雇人栽(zai)種(zhong),又自(zi)編(bian)《蠶(can)桑(sang)(sang)速(su)效篇》一(yi)書(shu),印送各(ge)村,俾資(zi)效法(fa)”。在(zai)浙江,“本(ben)(ben)會會員徐以遜(xun)舍人,以牧(mu)養(yang)之利厚于(yu)(yu)(yu)樹植,惜南中(zhong)風氣未開,且不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)飼養(yang)之法(fa),愛先(xian)譯日(ri)本(ben)(ben)牧(mu)羊(yang)書(shu)數(shu)種(zhong),并購(gou)羊(yang)數(shu)百頭,散給(gei)紹興農(nong)(nong)戶,授以養(yang)法(fa)。以母及(ji)毛歸(gui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)原主,子(zi)歸(gui)養(yang)戶。此法(fa)辦理甚善,如此,可家家體驗牧(mu)事,風氣不(bu)(bu)難漸開。”山西(xi)農(nong)(nong)務總會于(yu)(yu)(yu)“宣統二年辦理蠶(can)桑(sang)(sang)傳習所(suo)(suo)一(yi)次。同(tong)時(shi)編(bian)輯《蠶(can)桑(sang)(sang)講義》及(ji)《野蠶(can)雜志》,共十六部。分送各(ge)縣(xian)(xian),以為實行普及(ji)蠶(can)桑(sang)(sang)”。福(fu)建農(nong)(nong)事試驗場(chang)把“試驗過(guo)的各(ge)植物編(bian)成《淺說》,刊(kan)發(fa)民(min)間(jian)閱(yue)看”。霍邱縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)事試驗場(chang)“編(bian)輯《振(zhen)興農(nong)(nong)政(zheng)》白話,以供(gong)鄉農(nong)(nong)研(yan)究”。

江西各(ge)(ge)縣(xian)編(bian)(bian)印(yin)(yin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)書(shu)活(huo)動異常活(huo)躍。崇義(yi)(yi)縣(xian)“地處山(shan)陬,民情固(gu)陋。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務一(yi)(yi)道,素(su)不講(jiang)求(qiu),以致山(shan)場田(tian)園,五谷不易(yi)之(zhi)地,每任荒蕪,誠為(wei)可惜(xi)。適值(zhi)本(ben)局發(fa)(fa)(fa)下(xia)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)學叢(cong)書(shu)》一(yi)(yi)部,擇(ze)(ze)其(qi)切實可行,與(yu)該(gai)縣(xian)土(tu)性適宜(yi)者十(shi)余(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),編(bian)(bian)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)冊,名曰《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)學摘要》。排印(yin)(yin)干部,發(fa)(fa)(fa)給各(ge)(ge)鄉,俾家喻戶曉”。長寧(ning)縣(xian)“印(yin)(yin)刷《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)利四(si)則》,內載種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棉、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)麻、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)茶葉、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)煙(yan)葉各(ge)(ge)法(fa),分(fen)別給發(fa)(fa)(fa)各(ge)(ge)鄉農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民”。萬載縣(xian)“于(yu)(yu)西門城(cheng)外(wai)西屏寺設(she)立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業肄習(xi)會(hui),專以講(jiang)求(qiu)改(gai)良,開(kai)通智識,延聘會(hui)長,酌(zhuo)定(ding)辦(ban)法(fa)。三(san)(san)十(shi)年二月(yue)初一(yi)(yi)日(ri)開(kai)辦(ban),原定(ding)會(hui)長永新(xin)(xin)縣(xian)舉人龍鐘洢因(yin)會(hui)試(shi)北上,未能即來(lai),由該(gai)縣(xian)廩生辛觀(guan)(guan)濤暫為(wei)代辦(ban)。會(hui)長辛觀(guan)(guan)濤特著《種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)麻新(xin)(xin)法(fa)廣(guang)義(yi)(yi)》,印(yin)(yin)行一(yi)(yi)千(qian)份(fen),分(fen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)各(ge)(ge)鄉”。新(xin)(xin)建縣(xian)“山(shan)地居多(duo)(duo),本(ben)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)竹(zhu)處所,便(bian)因(yin)勢而利導(dao)之(zhi)。光緒三(san)(san)十(shi)年十(shi)月(yue),將新(xin)(xin)譯日(ri)本(ben)竹(zhu)譜各(ge)(ge)法(fa),擇(ze)(ze)其(qi)簡便(bian)易(yi)行者,摘錄多(duo)(duo)條,諭(yu)(yu)令鄉民仿(fang)行”。“三(san)(san)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年八月(yue),樂安縣(xian)考求(qiu)中西成(cheng)法(fa),撰為(wei)《論(lun)說》。自六月(yue)起,朔望在考棚演講(jiang),以開(kai)民智。”1906年,士(shi)紳龍鐘洢“將農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)事試(shi)驗(yan)場開(kai)辦(ban)以來(lai),各(ge)(ge)項調查(cha)、研究、試(shi)驗(yan)所得的(de)新(xin)(xin)理法(fa),著書(shu)三(san)(san)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):《土(tu)壤(rang)定(ding)量分(fen)析(xi)術》《乙(yi)巳農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)事試(shi)驗(yan)記》《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藝分(fen)科試(shi)驗(yan)報告(gao)書(shu)》,該(gai)三(san)(san)書(shu)轉(zhuan)呈(cheng)撫憲(xian)吳重(zhong)熹(xi)查(cha)核并移送司道后(hou),發(fa)(fa)(fa)往各(ge)(ge)屬,會(hui)紳討論(lun),曉諭(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民,量地仿(fang)辦(ban),逐漸推廣(guang)”。“三(san)(san)十(shi)三(san)(san)年,玉山(shan)縣(xian)重(zhong)印(yin)(yin)《種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)述(shu)要》一(yi)(yi)百本(ben),分(fen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)各(ge)(ge)鄉,講(jiang)求(qiu)試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”余(yu)(yu)干縣(xian)“自輯《種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)述(shu)要》,石印(yin)(yin)一(yi)(yi)千(qian)份(fen),流傳甚廣(guang)”。此外(wai),該(gai)縣(xian)勵(li)志(zhi)學社“各(ge)(ge)生編(bian)(bian)著《論(lun)說》49篇(pian),簡明切實。為(wei)了(le)便(bian)于(yu)(yu)群眾接受,又改(gai)編(bian)(bian)成(cheng)淺近俚語,散發(fa)(fa)(fa)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民輾轉(zhuan)傳頌。所有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)學書(shu)報,均存勵(li)志(zhi)學社,任人觀(guan)(guan)抄”。

農(nong)(nong)(nong)報(bao)(bao)亦(yi)是(shi)宣傳西方近代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科技(ji)知識的(de)重要載體。如舒城(cheng)縣斌農(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)校“由農(nong)(nong)(nong)教習、農(nong)(nong)(nong)師范生,采取(qu)中(zhong)西農(nong)(nong)(nong)書、簡要易行(xing)之法,每月十(shi)(shi)三、二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)八出報(bao)(bao)兩次(ci)。每冊(ce)(ce)約二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)余紙。中(zhong)分十(shi)(shi)類,一務本、二(er)(er)(er)氣候、三肥料、四耕種、五果(guo)蔬(shu)、六材木、七蠶(can)桑、八牧養、九食用、十(shi)(shi)勸(quan)懲。發各農(nong)(nong)(nong)正,每會(hui)十(shi)(shi)冊(ce)(ce),肄業(ye)生各一冊(ce)(ce),如鄰(lin)封(feng)有(you)(you)購(gou)置者,但取(qu)紙墨之資(zi)”。直隸農(nong)(nong)(nong)務總(zong)會(hui)以譯(yi)書、編報(bao)(bao)為(wei)“人手(shou)之方,開智合群”。該會(hui)創辦的(de)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)會(hui)報(bao)(bao)》日銷量達2200余份,其中(zhong)很大一部分為(wei)基層(ceng)(ceng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)會(hui)所購(gou)買(mai)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)商部稱贊該報(bao)(bao)“分門別類,條(tiao)理秩然,論說記載,亦(yi)尚詳明精(jing)當,洵于勸(quan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)有(you)(you)益”。1911年,奉天農(nong)(nong)(nong)務總(zong)會(hui)創辦了(le)面向基層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)務白話報(bao)(bao)》,由基層(ceng)(ceng)分會(hui)發到(dao)鄉下去,“其報(bao)(bao)資(zi)減(jian)半(ban)收取(qu)”。這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)優惠方式(shi),增大了(le)基層(ceng)(ceng)購(gou)買(mai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)報(bao)(bao)的(de)數量,從而(er)使(shi)更多(duo)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民可(ke)以從中(zhong)獲取(qu)所需知識。

三(san)、舉(ju)辦農(nong)事演說,面授(shou)西方(fang)近代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)科技知識

清(qing)末農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)因經濟條件(jian)等方(fang)面的限制,可(ke)能既無法步(bu)人新式農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)學(xue)堂(tang),也無力購(gou)買農(nong)(nong)(nong)書農(nong)(nong)(nong)報(bao)。在這種情況(kuang)下,舉辦(ban)農(nong)(nong)(nong)事演(yan)說(shuo)無疑是一種更(geng)加(jia)實際、見效更(geng)快(kuai)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)教育方(fang)式。這種面對面的教育方(fang)式,有利于擴(kuo)大宣傳面和影響(xiang)力,促進(jin)近(jin)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技知識的進(jin)一步(bu)推廣。如江西“義寧州試(shi)驗場內蔬菜瓜豆長發(fa)青蔥,所種早稻(dao)異常(chang)暢茂。鄉民(min)來觀者,司事演(yan)說(shuo)指(zhi)點,啟發(fa)心思”。

在奉天農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)試驗場(chang)和(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)學堂建成后,當地興(xing)起了重視和(he)學習西方近代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科技知識的(de)新(xin)風(feng) 氣。勸業(ye)(ye)(ye)道發起、商(shang)民合辦(ban),設(she)(she)立了“農(nong)(nong)事(shi)(shi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)說(shuo)會”,“演(yan)(yan)(yan)說(shuo)有關農(nong)(nong)事(shi)(shi)各(ge)種新(xin)理,提倡(chang)改(gai)良(liang)。凡農(nong)(nong)林、畜牧(mu)、蠶桑、園蔬、肥料、害蟲以及(ji)農(nong)(nong)產制造、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟等類,以蘄(qi)廣開農(nong)(nong)民普通知識”。附近農(nong)(nong)民踴躍(yue)去(qu)聽(ting)(ting)演(yan)(yan)(yan)說(shuo)、增新(xin)知,甚是紅(hong)火。雖然中(zhong)途也有門(men)庭(ting)冷(leng)落的(de)時候,但總體來說(shuo)為開通農(nong)(nong)智出了微(wei)薄之(zhi)力。“本道為提倡(chang)各(ge)項(xiang)實(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye),在南關地藏(zang)寺設(she)(she)立農(nong)(nong)事(shi)(shi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)說(shuo)會場(chang)。每(mei)(mei)屆(jie)星期派令農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)專家宣(xuan)講有關農(nong)(nong)務者(zhe),以為改(gai)良(liang)預備。歲未能驟獲實(shi)效,而聽(ting)(ting)者(zhe)云集,實(shi)已足資觀感(gan)。”中(zhong)間雖出現“每(mei)(mei)逢該場(chang)演(yan)(yan)(yan)說(shuo),而如場(chang)聽(ting)(ting)講之(zhi)人(ren)轉(zhuan)型(xing)寥寥”的(de)景象,但次年又有起色,“小(xiao)南關農(nong)(nong)學演(yan)(yan)(yan)說(shuo)會每(mei)(mei)逢開演(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)期,觀者(zhe)如堵。日前勸業(ye)(ye)(ye)道徐鑒(jian)事(shi)(shi)登壇將土宜、種植、肥料諸法(fa)細為剖解,演(yan)(yan)(yan)畢(bi)依聽(ting)(ting)者(zhe)座次逐一(yi)叩之(zhi),聞能了解者(zhe)頗居多(duo)數云。”

后(hou)由于(yu)基建,該演(yan)說會(hui)(hui)有(you)過(guo)短暫關閉(bi),竣(jun)工后(hou)又重新開講(jiang),且(qie)有(you)更(geng)大的起色,“去年設立農(nong)業演(yan)說會(hui)(hui)于(yu)小南關。但去冬每逢(feng)宣講(jiang)農(nong)業時(shi),入(ru)(ru)堂聽(ting)講(jiang)者(zhe)尚屬寥(liao)寥(liao)。今(jin)春則開會(hui)(hui)以來,每逢(feng)講(jiang)期入(ru)(ru)座(zuo)旁聽(ting)者(zhe)甚夥,較之于(yu)初立時(shi)不相同矣(yi)。”“省(sheng)城(cheng)農(nong)業演(yan)說場設立年余,入(ru)(ru)場旁聽(ting)者(zhe)頗形(xing)寥(liao)落。今(jin)春則風氣大開。每逢(feng)開會(hui)(hui)、演(yan)說,入(ru)(ru)場旁聽(ting)者(zhe)頗形(xing)踴躍。可見(jian)東三省(sheng)農(nong)業有(you)發達之希望也。”

有(you)(you)人(ren)曾一度提(ti)議將這(zhe)個(ge)商民(min)合辦的演(yan)(yan)說(shuo)會(hui)(hui)收(shou)歸(gui)國有(you)(you),“勸(quan)業(ye)(ye)道(dao)因省(sheng)城(cheng)設立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)演(yan)(yan)說(shuo)會(hui)(hui),仍系商民(min)合辦,恐不足以(yi)昭(zhao)慎重,故(gu)擬(ni)稟諸督憲奏請(qing)設立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)政廳(ting)。歸(gui)該(gai)道(dao)管轄(xia),特不知(zhi)能(neng)邀農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工商部允準否耶?”也有(you)(you)人(ren)提(ti)議解散該(gai)演(yan)(yan)說(shuo)會(hui)(hui),“省(sheng)城(cheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)學講演(yan)(yan)會(hui)(hui)自(zi)開辦以(yi)來(lai),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)赴會(hui)(hui)聽(ting)講者原屬寥(liao)寥(liao)。星期日(ri)雖(sui)由該(gai)會(hui)(hui)頒發(fa)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務白話若干,通(tong)(tong)究無補于農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)之發(fa)達。昨日(ri)由勸(quan)業(ye)(ye)道(dao)黃觀察(cha)已經遵諭解散云。”雖(sui)然如(ru)此(ci),演(yan)(yan)說(shuo)會(hui)(hui)最(zui)終還是保留了下來(lai)。這(zhe)類演(yan)(yan)說(shuo)會(hui)(hui),可彌補農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)因識字率(lv)低而(er)影響學習新知(zhi)識這(zhe)一不足,又有(you)(you)助于學習西方農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技(ji)知(zhi)識風(feng)氣的形(xing)成。這(zhe)是清末(mo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)新知(zhi)識傳播(bo)和推廣的一條有(you)(you)效(xiao)途徑(jing)。正如(ru)《奉天通(tong)(tong)志》記載,由于農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)事演(yan)(yan)說(shuo)會(hui)(hui)的努力,使當(dang)時“講求農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye),幾于風(feng)行全省(sheng)矣”。

清(qing)末(mo)基(ji)層農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)是(shi)舉辦農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)事(shi)(shi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)說的重要農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)組(zu)織,為促進(jin)近代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科技知識在(zai)(zai)基(ji)層的推廣(guang),起到了(le)不可替代的作用。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工商部1907年奏定的《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)簡明(ming)章(zhang)程》規(gui)定,在(zai)(zai)設(she)立(li)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)總會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的省(sheng)城(cheng)“應設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)學(xue)堂一(yi)所(suo)(suo),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)事(shi)(shi)試驗場(chang)一(yi)區(qu),造就人才,分(fen)(fen)(fen)任(ren)地(di)方(fang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)”;在(zai)(zai)“分(fen)(fen)(fen)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)所(suo)(suo)地(di)方(fang)應設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)事(shi)(shi)半日學(xue)堂一(yi)區(qu),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)事(shi)(shi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)說會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)場(chang)一(yi)所(suo)(suo),招集附近農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民,授以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)大(da)意,以(yi)(yi)(yi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)風(feng)氣”。此(ci)令一(yi)出(chu),基(ji)層農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)事(shi)(shi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)說活動便開(kai)(kai)(kai)展得如(ru)火如(ru)荼(tu)。如(ru)趙州無(wu)極縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)城(cheng)北不入祀典佛寺為演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)說場(chang)”。保定農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)學(xue)堂總辦王樹善設(she)立(li)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),“約集義務(wu)(wu)講員以(yi)(yi)(yi)時開(kai)(kai)(kai)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)說農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)原理(li)及(ji)配合(he)肥料之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)”。1909年錫(xi)金農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)舉辦開(kai)(kai)(kai)幕式,其中一(yi)項重要活動便是(shi)“演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)講蠶務(wu)(wu)及(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)”。演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)講內容“切近利弊”,旁聽鄉(xiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)達300余(yu)人。四川(chuan)巴(ba)縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)附設(she)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)說場(chang),開(kai)(kai)(kai)品(pin)評會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),咨(zi)詢答復有關農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)事(shi)(shi)宜。全(quan)椒西鄉(xiang)沙河坊“試辦農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)”,“按期召集本(ben)坊鄉(xiang)民,演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)講改(gai)良種植”。廣(guang)東新(xin)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)縣(xian)禮樂鄉(xiang)雄坊麓(lu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)所(suo)(suo)“附設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)說場(chang),訪請農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)素(su)深者駐(zhu)所(suo)(suo),每日于(yu)傍晚六(liu)點鐘(zhong)登場(chang)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)說發明(ming)原理(li),任(ren)人來聽,其薪工由分(fen)(fen)(fen)所(suo)(suo)支給”。鶴山縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也(ye)“設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)事(shi)(shi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)說場(chang),招集附近農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民,授以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)大(da)意,及(ji)東西洋最新(xin)發明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)新(xin)理(li)新(xin)法(fa),得以(yi)(yi)(yi)喚起改(gai)良舊(jiu)學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)觀念,振興實(shi)業(ye)思想”。在(zai)(zai)1909年《香山縣(xian)屬西海十八(ba)沙龍洞農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)務(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)所(suo)(suo)簡明(ming)章(zhang)程》中,就明(ming)確提出(chu),要“多派演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)說啟發愚蒙”,如(ru)此(ci)“教育(yu)漸(jian)能普及(ji)”。因(yin)此(ci),“本(ben)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)創辦伊始先設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)事(shi)(shi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)說會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)場(chang),選(xuan)聘(pin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)畢業(ye)生演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)說農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)新(xin)理(li),改(gai)良種植。”這(zhe)種以(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)場(chang)生動而及(ji)時的演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)說方(fang)式來傳播(bo)先進(jin)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)知識,成效卓著(zhu),大(da)大(da)開(kai)(kai)(kai)啟了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)智。

基(ji)層農會(hui)有時也(ye)會(hui)通(tong)過會(hui)員(yuan)的(de)親(qin)身試(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),然后再(zai)向農民(min)宣講(jiang)其(qi)(qi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后所獲得(de)的(de)農業科技知識。如:“瑞(rui)安黃仲設太(tai)史,與其(qi)(qi)弟本會(hui)會(hui)員(yuan)叔(shu)頌太(tai)史,邀集同(tong)志三(san)十余人,議在瑞(rui)邑設立務農支會(hui)。已購(gou)地三(san)四十畝,托(tuo)本會(hui)代購(gou)湖桑,及外洋各植物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)備試(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)云。”通(tong)過試(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)美(mei)國小(xiao)麥(mai),農會(hui)會(hui)員(yuan)了解到其(qi)(qi)優(you)缺點(dian):“本會(hui)會(hui)員(yuan),壽州孫(sun)君荔軒(xuan),試(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)美(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)麥(mai)于(yu)揚(yang)州,連年收獲豐碩(shuo)。其(qi)(qi)友(you)(you)高(gao)郵(you)楊君跛漁名員(yuan)者,以(yi)標本贈會(hui)中,且媵之以(yi)說日(ri)‘稻水谷,性陰,宜(yi)土卑濕,麥(mai)旱谷,性陽,宜(yi)土高(gao)燥,物性使然也(ye)’。”他們(men)利用各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)社會(hui)關系,求得(de)佳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):“余友(you)(you)孫(sun)君荔軒(xuan)蔭庭昆季,函致西友(you)(you),托(tuo)購(gou)美(mei)麥(mai)數磅,俾鄉佃(dian)邗人種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之,以(yi)驗(yan)異(yi)同(tong),冀開(kai)風氣。戊(wu)戌麥(mai)秋(qiu),偕友(you)(you)往觀(guan),似(si)與華產迥別(bie),色濃莖高(gao),穗長(chang)葉大,一望翹然獨出,百步外即知為(wei)(wei)異(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”但開(kai)始試(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時不得(de)要領(ling),“唯以(yi)麥(mai)苗(miao)過稠(chou),兼遇積雨,所獲甚(shen)少。然顆粒之肥大顏色之光潔,舊(jiu)時面(mian)目,未失(shi)本來,致足喜(xi)也(ye)。或(huo)日(ri):初肖所生,再(zai)則不類,心疑之。其(qi)(qi)秋(qiu),命(ming)佃(dian)以(yi)所獲者再(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)之,今夏(xia)收刈(yi),仍肖前狀,唯較華麥(mai)遲熟十日(ri),為(wei)(wei)可異(yi)耳。”通(tong)過試(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后,他們(men)向農民(min)宣講(jiang):“美(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)麥(mai)之穗,壯(zhuang)于(yu)

清末(mo),由(you)于西(xi)方農(nong)(nong)(nong)學(xue)的(de)(de)傳入,加之“重農(nong)(nong)(nong)思潮”的(de)(de)興(xing)起,所以(yi)人們對興(xing)辦新(xin)式農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)教(jiao)育愈來愈重視,基層農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)教(jiao)育也由(you)此獲得了(le)迅(xun)速發展,興(xing)辦新(xin)式農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)學(xue)校(xiao),散發農(nong)(nong)(nong)書農(nong)(nong)(nong)報(bao),舉辦農(nong)(nong)(nong)事演說等一系列農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)教(jiao)育形(xing)式全(quan)(quan)面展開(kai),促(cu)進了(le)西(xi)方近代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)技知(zhi)識在(zai)基層的(de)(de)傳播和推廣。清末(mo)走(zou)上(shang)了(le)一條切實可行(xing)且(qie)行(xing)之有效的(de)(de)新(xin)知(zhi)識推廣之路。當(dang)然(ran),就全(quan)(quan)國而言,這一時期西(xi)方近代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)技知(zhi)識在(zai)基層的(de)(de)推廣活(huo)動僅僅是開(kai)了(le)個(ge)頭,尚不能完(wan)全(quan)(quan)改變

篇10

旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是朝陽(yang)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、綠色(se)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，綜合性強，關聯度(du)高(gao)(gao)，拉(la)動作用大(da)，在(zai)(zai)調整(zheng)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)結構、降低(di)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)風險、推動縣(xian)域經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展、擴大(da)再就業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和對外開放以及提高(gao)(gao)人(ren)民(min)生活(huo)(huo)質量等(deng)方面(mian)發(fa)(fa)揮著十分(fen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)作用。我縣(xian)生態環境良好(hao)(hao)，人(ren)文積淀(dian)深(shen)厚，發(fa)(fa)展旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)具有得天(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)(de)優勢，潛(qian)力十分(fen)巨大(da)。近年來，縣(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)政府(fu)高(gao)(gao)度(du)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展，大(da)力實施“旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)活(huo)(huo)縣(xian)”戰略，積極搶抓機(ji)遇，持續加大(da)投(tou)入(ru)，完善配(pei)套(tao)(tao)設施，強化宣傳推介，傾力打造桔園、張騫墓、南沙湖三大(da)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)景區，取得了(le)顯著成(cheng)效，實現(xian)了(le)“從無到有，從小(xiao)到大(da)”的(de)(de)(de)歷史性跨越，旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)已(yi)成(cheng)為第三產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展中最活(huo)(huo)躍的(de)(de)(de)動力引擎。但是，與省、市(shi)要求(qiu)相比，與周邊縣(xian)區相比，我縣(xian)仍存在(zai)(zai)旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)投(tou)入(ru)不(bu)足、配(pei)套(tao)(tao)服務(wu)不(bu)完善、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈條不(bu)長、帶動作用不(bu)明(ming)顯等(deng)問題。各(ge)級各(ge)部門要牢固樹立(li)“大(da)旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)、大(da)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、大(da)發(fa)(fa)展”的(de)(de)(de)理念(nian)，把旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)放在(zai)(zai)全縣(xian)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)大(da)格(ge)局中統籌謀劃，進一步(bu)統一思想、提高(gao)(gao)認識，突(tu)出重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)、提檔(dang)升級，全力打造相互促進、協調發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)市(shi)場體系，把旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)培育成(cheng)全縣(xian)國民(min)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)戰略性支(zhi)柱產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、吸納社(she)會就業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)富民(min)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、調整(zheng)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)結構的(de)(de)(de)領頭產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、引領生態文明(ming)和低(di)碳(tan)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)先導(dao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，推動經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會又好(hao)(hao)又快發(fa)(fa)展。

二、總(zong)體思路與工作目(mu)標

（一）發(fa)(fa)展思(si)路：以黨的十(shi)精神和科學發(fa)(fa)展觀(guan)為指導，以打造“文(wen)化(hua)(hua)旅(lv)游(you)名縣”為目標，以桔園(yuan)、南沙湖、張(zhang)騫墓景(jing)(jing)區(qu)為重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，整合旅(lv)游(you)資源(yuan)，加(jia)快產品開(kai)發(fa)(fa)，優化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展環境，打響“張(zhang)騫故(gu)里·神奇桔鄉(xiang)”旅(lv)游(you)品牌，推動(dong)旅(lv)游(you)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)由(you)生態觀(guan)光(guang)向(xiang)(xiang)休閑觀(guan)光(guang)、會(hui)議度假、文(wen)化(hua)(hua)體驗并重(zhong)(zhong)的方向(xiang)(xiang)轉變，加(jia)速(su)推進(jin)旅(lv)游(you)產業全方位、大跨度、跳躍(yue)式發(fa)(fa)展。

（二）發(fa)(fa)展目標：“十(shi)二五(wu)”期(qi)間，旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)接待人(ren)(ren)數(shu)年(nian)均(jun)增長25％以上，旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)綜合(he)(he)收入年(nian)均(jun)增長40％以上。到2015年(nian)，全縣旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)接待人(ren)(ren)數(shu)達(da)到350萬人(ren)(ren)次、力(li)爭(zheng)(zheng)達(da)到400萬人(ren)(ren)次，旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)綜合(he)(he)收入達(da)到14億(yi)(yi)元、力(li)爭(zheng)(zheng)16億(yi)(yi)元；建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)4A級旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)景區1個(ge)，力(li)爭(zheng)(zheng)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)四星(xing)級旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)飯店1個(ge)。旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)產業體系更加健全，市場競爭(zheng)(zheng)力(li)明顯(xian)提高(gao)，旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)產品更加豐富和成(cheng)(cheng)熟，旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)基礎設施和配套服務功能(neng)更加完善，旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)業的(de)輻(fu)射帶動功能(neng)得到充分發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)，旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)業成(cheng)(cheng)為縣域經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展的(de)支柱(zhu)產業，把建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)一流(liu)特色(se)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)目的(de)地(di)。

三、主要任務

（一）推進(jin)重點景區開發(fa)建設(she)步伐。按照“三(san)(san)大板塊”布局，集中力量開發(fa)桔園、張騫墓(mu)和南(nan)沙湖三(san)(san)大重點景區。

1．重點(dian)(dian)開(kai)發(fa)區(qu)。以打造國家(jia)5A級(ji)旅(lv)游景(jing)區(qu)為(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)，按照“一(yi)心、四區(qu)、一(yi)軸線”規(gui)劃布局，突出休閑功能，彰顯文化(hua)特色，傾(qing)力(li)開(kai)發(fa)休閑養生、會議(yi)(yi)度假、文化(hua)體(ti)驗(yan)(yan)等(deng)適合(he)不同人群的(de)旅(lv)游項目(mu)(mu)，加快推進(jin)以地母文化(hua)觀光(guang)體(ti)驗(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)主題(ti)的(de)宗教文化(hua)區(qu)、以會議(yi)(yi)休閑為(wei)(wei)主題(ti)的(de)、以養生度假為(wei)(wei)主題(ti)的(de)明(ming)珠湖景(jing)區(qu)、以生態觀光(guang)和(he)水(shui)文化(hua)體(ti)驗(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)主題(ti)的(de)鳥(niao)語林景(jing)區(qu)等(deng)景(jing)觀節(jie)點(dian)(dian)建設(she)步伐，增設(she)休閑娛樂項目(mu)(mu)，改善餐(can)飲(yin)住(zhu)宿條件，積極(ji)發(fa)展南沙鮮魚為(wei)(wei)代表的(de)特色餐(can)飲(yin)，舉辦高(gao)規(gui)格的(de)路亞賽事，力(li)爭用3-5年時間，將其建成區(qu)域性(xing)熱(re)點(dian)(dian)旅(lv)游景(jing)區(qu)。

2．積極開發張(zhang)騫(qian)(qian)墓(mu)景區(qu)。以(yi)(yi)張(zhang)騫(qian)(qian)墓(mu)申遺為契機，深入(ru)挖掘張(zhang)騫(qian)(qian)文化內涵，高標準編制旅游(you)發展(zhan)規劃，以(yi)(yi)“暢游(you)絲綢(chou)路，拜謁博望侯(hou)”為主題，借(jie)助(zhu)國家大絲綢(chou)之(zhi)路的(de)品(pin)牌效(xiao)應和張(zhang)騫(qian)(qian)的(de)名人效(xiao)應，把張(zhang)騫(qian)(qian)墓(mu)打(da)造成絲綢(chou)之(zhi)路國際旅游(you)線路上重(zhong)要的(de)景觀(guan)節點(dian)，創(chuang)造條件在創(chuang)建中國外(wai)交官培訓基地，努(nu)力將張(zhang)騫(qian)(qian)墓(mu)景區(qu)打(da)造成乃至(zhi)開拓國際旅游(you)市場的(de)窗(chuang)口。

3．推進(jin)桔(jie)園景(jing)區(qu)轉(zhuan)型升級。以打(da)造“中國(guo)柑桔(jie)生態(tai)觀光第一園”為目標，針對景(jing)區(qu)資源特點和(he)存在問(wen)題，編制提升規(gui)劃，并盡快啟動新(xin)一輪開發建設，不(bu)斷豐(feng)富景(jing)區(qu)文化內涵和(he)游覽內容(rong)，積極探索(suo)市(shi)場化運(yun)營模式(shi)，推動景(jing)區(qu)由生態(tai)觀光向休閑度假轉(zhuan)變，把桔(jie)園打(da)造成內涵豐(feng)富、功能完善、管理規(gui)范的精品景(jing)區(qu)。

（二(er)）加強旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)設施建設。依照(zhao)“舒適、便捷(jie)、順暢”的(de)要求(qiu)，加快建設和改造縣(xian)道(dao)與旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)景區（點(dian)）的(de)連接道(dao)路(lu)，重點(dian)支持上元觀通(tong)(tong)往(wang)南沙(sha)湖、108國道(dao)通(tong)(tong)往(wang)張(zhang)騫(qian)紀念館的(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)專線道(dao)路(lu)建設，積極支持、引導汽(qi)車客運(yun)(yun)企業(ye)開辟通(tong)(tong)往(wang)重點(dian)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)景區的(de)公(gong)交專線，盡力(li)解決交通(tong)(tong)對(dui)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)產業(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)制(zhi)約(yue)問(wen)題。加強景區停車場(chang)(chang)(chang)、廁所(suo)、游(you)(you)(you)(you)客服務中(zhong)心(xin)、旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)購物商(shang)店等基礎設施建設，建立具有鮮明視覺(jue)效果和有效引導作用的(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)交通(tong)(tong)標識，完善景區旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)信(xin)(xin)息咨詢查(cha)詢系統。進一步(bu)加大城市綠化(hua)、美化(hua)、亮化(hua)、凈化(hua)水平(ping)，完善城區主(zhu)要道(dao)路(lu)、廣場(chang)(chang)(chang)、賓館等公(gong)共場(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)和營(ying)業(ye)場(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)的(de)公(gong)共信(xin)(xin)息標識，加快星級酒(jiu)店建設和大眾型文化(hua)休閑場(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)、洗浴(yu)中(zhong)心(xin)、保健(jian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)、足療(liao)、酒(jiu)吧等服務業(ye)發展(zhan)，打造歷史風貌街(jie)區、特色小吃城、旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)商(shang)品購物超市，開發旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)休閑、戶(hu)外運(yun)(yun)動和晚間娛樂項目，提(ti)升城市商(shang)業(ye)街(jie)區、餐(can)飲街(jie)區和商(shang)務酒(jiu)店的(de)經營(ying)管(guan)理水平(ping)，滿足游(you)(you)(you)(you)客多樣化(hua)需求(qiu)。

（三）開(kai)發(fa)富有(you)地(di)(di)方特(te)(te)(te)色(se)(se)的(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)體(ti)系。依托桔園(yuan)、南(nan)沙(sha)湖、柳(liu)林航空(kong)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)、張騫(qian)墓等優勢資(zi)源，深入挖(wa)掘柑桔文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、地(di)(di)母文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、張騫(qian)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)等特(te)(te)(te)色(se)(se)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、傳(chuan)統(tong)民俗風情和(he)(he)地(di)(di)方飲食(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)，陸續串聯古路壩、寶山遺(yi)址、李固墓、洞陽宮等景(jing)點(dian)(dian)，大力開(kai)發(fa)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)態觀光(guang)(guang)游、鄉村休閑游、宗(zong)教(jiao)祈福游、周末度假(jia)游、文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)體(ti)驗(yan)游等特(te)(te)(te)色(se)(se)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，建設(she)(she)一(yi)批規(gui)劃(hua)合(he)理、風光(guang)(guang)獨特(te)(te)(te)的(de)休閑農(nong)業(ye)(ye)示范點(dian)(dian)；鼓(gu)勵(li)(li)、扶(fu)持(chi)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游景(jing)區（點(dian)(dian)）設(she)(she)立文(wen)(wen)藝(yi)(yi)表演中心，建設(she)(she)大眾型(xing)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)休閑場所、酒(jiu)吧風情文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)街(jie)、茶樓街(jie)、旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游購(gou)物街(jie)；制(zhi)定旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游商品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)開(kai)發(fa)規(gui)劃(hua)，積(ji)極(ji)鼓(gu)勵(li)(li)和(he)(he)支(zhi)持(chi)研發(fa)具有(you)特(te)(te)(te)色(se)(se)、方便(bian)游客攜帶(dai)且適(shi)銷(xiao)對路的(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)品(pin)、紀念品(pin)和(he)(he)土特(te)(te)(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，重點(dian)(dian)扶(fu)持(chi)集(ji)設(she)(she)計、開(kai)發(fa)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)售為一(yi)體(ti)、有(you)一(yi)定經(jing)營(ying)規(gui)模和(he)(he)市場開(kai)拓能(neng)力的(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游商品(pin)開(kai)發(fa)龍(long)頭企業(ye)(ye)，規(gui)劃(hua)建設(she)(she)經(jing)營(ying)規(gui)范、信譽良好(hao)的(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游購(gou)物場所，命名一(yi)批“旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游商品(pin)定點(dian)(dian)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)(ye)”和(he)(he)“旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游購(gou)物放心店(dian)”，帶(dai)動旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游商品(pin)開(kai)發(fa)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)銷(xiao)售。

（四）加大旅游(you)宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)促(cu)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)力度(du)。建立完(wan)善政(zheng)府(fu)形象(xiang)宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)與企(qi)業(ye)品(pin)牌宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)緊密(mi)結合的旅游(you)營銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)機制(zhi)，形成政(zheng)府(fu)主導、企(qi)業(ye)主體、部門聯動(dong)、區域聯合的促(cu)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)格局。精心(xin)辦(ban)好桔(jie)子花節(jie)(jie)、柑桔(jie)旅游(you)文化節(jie)(jie)等(deng)重(zhong)點品(pin)牌節(jie)(jie)慶活(huo)動(dong)，堅持在中省市主流媒體上做全縣旅游(you)形象(xiang)宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)，鼓勵(li)旅游(you)企(qi)業(ye)開(kai)展形式(shi)多樣的產品(pin)促(cu)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)動(dong)，大力開(kai)展網絡營銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，高品(pin)位(wei)制(zhi)作旅游(you)畫冊、旅游(you)指南、旅游(you)招商項(xiang)目冊和宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)折(zhe)頁等(deng)宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)品(pin)，加大與旅行社的合作力度(du)，建立旅行社地接獎勵(li)制(zhi)度(du)，推動(dong)桔(jie)園、張騫墓和南沙湖景區進入西(xi)安和旅游(you)團隊營銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)線路(lu)。

（五）加(jia)強(qiang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)市(shi)場(chang)監管。大(da)力整(zheng)頓(dun)和(he)(he)規(gui)范(fan)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)市(shi)場(chang)秩序，全(quan)(quan)面建(jian)立政府統一領(ling)導、部門相互配合(he)、協(xie)(xie)調發(fa)揮作(zuo)用(yong)的綜合(he)協(xie)(xie)調管理(li)機制(zhi)(zhi)，共同規(gui)范(fan)、治理(li)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)市(shi)場(chang)，切實(shi)保(bao)護旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)消費者的合(he)法權益。完善(shan)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)聯合(he)執法長效(xiao)機制(zhi)(zhi)，加(jia)強(qiang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)市(shi)場(chang)綜合(he)治理(li)，嚴(yan)厲打擊(ji)違規(gui)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)經(jing)營(ying)活動，凈化(hua)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)消費市(shi)場(chang)；加(jia)強(qiang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)誠(cheng)信(xin)(xin)體系(xi)建(jian)設(she)，開展(zhan)誠(cheng)信(xin)(xin)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)創建(jian)活動，建(jian)立旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)企業(ye)和(he)(he)從業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員信(xin)(xin)用(yong)登記和(he)(he)評價制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)；落實(shi)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)經(jing)營(ying)單位安全(quan)(quan)主(zhu)體責任，完善(shan)安全(quan)(quan)設(she)施(shi)，健全(quan)(quan)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)緊急救(jiu)援體系(xi)。深入(ru)實(shi)施(shi)《旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)服(fu)務質量提(ti)升綱要》，以游(you)(you)(you)(you)客(ke)滿意度(du)(du)為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)，以人(ren)(ren)性(xing)化(hua)服(fu)務為(wei)方(fang)向，狠抓(zhua)質量管理(li)基(ji)礎(chu)工作(zuo)，建(jian)立健全(quan)(quan)監督體系(xi)，全(quan)(quan)面提(ti)升服(fu)務質量。深入(ru)宣傳貫徹旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)業(ye)國家標(biao)準和(he)(he)行業(ye)標(biao)準，認真開展(zhan)景區創A、飯店(dian)創星(xing)、旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)行社創強(qiang)工作(zuo)，實(shi)行旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)餐館、商店(dian)、農家樂推薦(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，建(jian)立規(gui)范(fan)的景區（點(dian)）、飯店(dian)、旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)行社管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。加(jia)強(qiang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)從業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員的教(jiao)育管理(li)和(he)(he)培(pei)訓工作(zuo)。

（六）加(jia)強(qiang)旅(lv)游(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)隊伍(wu)建(jian)設(she)。實(shi)施人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)興旅(lv)戰略，加(jia)大對旅(lv)游(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)資(zi)源開發的(de)投(tou)入，建(jian)立(li)旅(lv)游(you)(you)教育培(pei)訓基地，發展旅(lv)游(you)(you)職業(ye)(ye)教育，加(jia)強(qiang)旅(lv)游(you)(you)經營(ying)、項目(mu)策劃(hua)、市(shi)場營(ying)銷、決策管(guan)理隊伍(wu)建(jian)設(she)。加(jia)大旅(lv)游(you)(you)從(cong)(cong)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)和(he)涉旅(lv)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)培(pei)訓，全面推(tui)行(xing)旅(lv)游(you)(you)從(cong)(cong)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)持證上崗制(zhi)度，不斷提(ti)高旅(lv)游(you)(you)從(cong)(cong)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)整體素質、業(ye)(ye)務(wu)能(neng)力和(he)管(guan)理水(shui)平。將旅(lv)游(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養列(lie)入全縣人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)振興計劃(hua)，支(zhi)持旅(lv)游(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)引進高端(duan)經營(ying)管(guan)理人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)并(bing)納入縣人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)專(zhuan)項資(zi)金扶持范圍。加(jia)強(qiang)旅(lv)游(you)(you)從(cong)(cong)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)社會保障(zhang)，建(jian)立(li)和(he)完善(shan)激勵(li)機制(zhi)。

四、保障措施

 （一）切實(shi)加強組(zu)織(zhi)領(ling)(ling)導和(he)統籌協調。堅持(chi)“政府主導、企業主體、市場運作、社會參與”的工(gong)作機制和(he)縣(xian)級(ji)領(ling)(ling)導包抓(zhua)重點景區責任(ren)制，充分發(fa)揮縣(xian)旅游產業發(fa)展(zhan)領(ling)(ling)導小組(zu)的作用，定(ding)期研究(jiu)解決(jue)旅游業發(fa)展(zhan)中的重大事項(xiang)和(he)重點、難(nan)點問題，督促各項(xiang)工(gong)作任(ren)務落到實(shi)處。各有關鎮、部門要把旅游業放(fang)在全(quan)局(ju)工(gong)作的重要位置，納入重要議事日程，主要領(ling)(ling)導親自掛帥，分管(guan)領(ling)(ling)導靠前(qian)指(zhi)揮，對(dui)旅游業發(fa)展(zhan)集(ji)中謀(mou)劃、定(ding)期研究(jiu)、破解難(nan)題，確保領(ling)(ling)導力量到位、職能責任(ren)到位、政策措施到位。

（二）科學(xue)編制(zhi)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。牢(lao)固樹立(li)節約資源、保護(hu)(hu)(hu)環境、可持續(xu)發(fa)展(zhan)的理念，在嚴(yan)格保護(hu)(hu)(hu)的前提(ti)下，對(dui)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)資源進行科學(xue)開發(fa)、永續(xu)利用，修訂、提(ti)升全(quan)縣(xian)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)發(fa)展(zhan)總體規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和重(zhong)點景區規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，編制(zhi)鄉村旅(lv)(lv)游(you)發(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，以科學(xue)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)引(yin)領旅(lv)(lv)游(you)發(fa)展(zhan)。旅(lv)(lv)游(you)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和重(zhong)點旅(lv)(lv)游(you)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)納入(ru)國(guo)民經濟和社會發(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，文(wen)物保護(hu)(hu)(hu)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、城市(shi)(shi)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、文(wen)化(hua)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、交通規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等相關規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)與旅(lv)(lv)游(you)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有機結合，大型市(shi)(shi)政項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)應體現(xian)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)功能，努(nu)力構建(jian)種類完(wan)備、定(ding)位(wei)準確、特色突出、游(you)線完(wan)整的旅(lv)(lv)游(you)產品規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)體系。

（三）深化(hua)(hua)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)體制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)。除法律禁(jin)止的領域外，旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)業向社會資本全面(mian)開(kai)(kai)放。堅持景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)所有(you)權(quan)、管理權(quan)和(he)經(jing)營(ying)權(quan)分離的原則，形(xing)成(cheng)資源(yuan)統一管理、企業市(shi)(shi)場化(hua)(hua)運作(zuo)(zuo)的景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)管理運營(ying)模式。創新旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)、林(lin)業、風景(jing)(jing)(jing)名(ming)勝、宗教(jiao)等互(hu)動機制(zhi)，建立既能發揮各自優勢、又(you)能融合發展的工作(zuo)(zuo)機構，推動景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)加快(kuai)發展。組(zu)建市(shi)(shi)場化(hua)(hua)開(kai)(kai)發主體，成(cheng)立獨立的景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)開(kai)(kai)發運營(ying)公司(si)，作(zuo)(zuo)為景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)開(kai)(kai)發、建設和(he)運營(ying)平臺。鼓勵各類資本以(yi)兼(jian)并、買(mai)斷等多種(zhong)方(fang)式進入(ru)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)產(chan)業，積(ji)極參與旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)開(kai)(kai)發、配套服務設施建設、旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)商品和(he)紀念品開(kai)(kai)發等項目的建設經(jing)營(ying)。

（四）加大(da)招商引(yin)資(zi)(zi)(zi)力度。加強項目(mu)前(qian)期工作和(he)(he)項目(mu)包裝策劃，建立涵蓋生(sheng)態(tai)觀(guan)光(guang)、休閑度假和(he)(he)以(yi)鄉村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)為重點的(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)項目(mu)庫，以(yi)項目(mu)為載體(ti)，吸引(yin)國(guo)內(nei)外客商來我縣(xian)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)開(kai)發(fa)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源。創新旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)投融資(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)制(zhi)，按市場化方式進行資(zi)(zi)(zi)本運作，引(yin)導更(geng)多的(de)社會資(zi)(zi)(zi)金投資(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)展(zhan)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)業(ye)，鼓勵具備條件的(de)各種所有制(zhi)企業(ye)參與旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)項目(mu)的(de)開(kai)發(fa)建設。對大(da)型旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)服(fu)務項目(mu)，在土地利(li)用、稅費繳納等方面，可參照執行《縣(xian)招商引(yin)資(zi)(zi)(zi)優(you)惠政策》。