摘要(yao)：企業競爭的(de)本(ben)(ben)質(zhi)是高素(su)質(zhi)人才的(de)競爭，而且(qie)以人為(wei)本(ben)(ben)的(de)理(li)(li)念越來越深(shen)(shen)入人心，員(yuan)工(gong)在企業發展進(jin)程中的(de)價值體現(xian)越加顯著。企業面(mian)對數(shu)字經(jing)濟(ji)時代，為(wei)實(shi)現(xian)發展的(de)可持(chi)續，必須(xu)將員(yuan)工(gong)關系管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)放在首(shou)位。本(ben)(ben)文(wen)首(shou)先(xian)分析(xi)數(shu)字經(jing)濟(ji)背景下推動企業員(yuan)工(gong)關系管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)改革的(de)必要(yao)性以及企業與員(yuan)工(gong)關系的(de)特點，其次基于(yu)員(yuan)工(gong)關系管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)實(shi)踐(jian)思路(lu)，從幾個方面(mian)深(shen)(shen)入說明(ming)實(shi)施管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)具體措施，以供(gong)參考。

關鍵詞(ci)：數字經濟；企業員工；員工關系(xi)管理

數字經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)是以大(da)數據為(wei)(wei)基礎的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)學概念，在多種(zhong)新型技(ji)術的(de)支持下實行生產(chan)(chan)資料的(de)再分(fen)配，以達到推動社會生產(chan)(chan)力發展的(de)目(mu)的(de)。數字經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)時代的(de)到來，讓企(qi)業組織形態也隨之轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)平(ping)臺(tai)型、網(wang)絡型，而員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)行為(wei)(wei)方式、工作方式也與(yu)從前截然不(bu)同(tong)，自主性(xing)更強，對于未(wei)來發展愿景(jing)預期更加強烈(lie)。這(zhe)也導致(zhi)傳統員(yuan)(yuan)工關系(xi)管(guan)(guan)理與(yu)這(zhe)些變(bian)化產(chan)(chan)生諸多不(bu)適應，因(yin)此面(mian)對數字經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)，企(qi)業如何提(ti)高人力資源管(guan)(guan)理效能、穩定內部勞動關系(xi)，成為(wei)(wei)其現階段(duan)重要的(de)思考課(ke)題。

一、數字經濟(ji)背景(jing)下(xia)推動企業(ye)員工關系管理改革(ge)的必要性

1.員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)層面目前(qian)，互聯(lian)網已經滲透到(dao)(dao)(dao)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)生活的(de)(de)(de)諸(zhu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)方(fang)面，這(zhe)也就直接導致員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)思想、行為(wei)、組(zu)織形式(shi)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)模(mo)式(shi)、主(zhu)體角(jiao)色等均發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生不同程度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)思想行為(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。在互聯(lian)網加持下，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)獲取(qu)信息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)渠道(dao)更(geng)加多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣，但是(shi)也使(shi)得其思想容易受(shou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)沖擊，主(zhu)觀偏重(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)選(xuan)擇與(yu)自身價(jia)值、思維模(mo)式(shi)相適(shi)(shi)應的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，對(dui)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)穩定性(xing)卻并不過多(duo)(duo)(duo)關(guan)注。第(di)二(er)，組(zu)織聯(lian)結(jie)形式(shi)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)用互聯(lian)網平臺、社交工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具，在內部構建(jian)起虛(xu)擬交流空(kong)(kong)間(jian)，這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質屬于(yu)非(fei)正式(shi)、新型員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織，讓(rang)(rang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)了更(geng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)結(jie)途徑，但是(shi)目前(qian)很多(duo)(duo)(duo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)并沒(mei)有(you)(you)將員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)滲透到(dao)(dao)(dao)聯(lian)結(jie)途徑中。第(di)三(san)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)模(mo)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。近年來(lai)，諸(zhu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)呈(cheng)現(xian)出(chu)去雇主(zhu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展趨(qu)勢(shi)，也就是(shi)說(shuo)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可以(yi)借(jie)由(you)網絡進行異(yi)地辦(ban)公、居(ju)家辦(ban)公，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)模(mo)式(shi)更(geng)加靈活。而(er)以(yi)往情況(kuang)下的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，基本(ben)都(dou)是(shi)在線下拓展開來(lai)，在適(shi)(shi)應性(xing)方(fang)面表現(xian)出(chu)些許不足。第(di)四(si)，主(zhu)體角(jiao)色變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。多(duo)(duo)(duo)元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)來(lai)源(yuan)渠道(dao)以(yi)及自由(you)的(de)(de)(de)網絡空(kong)(kong)間(jian)，讓(rang)(rang)每一(yi)(yi)位員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都(dou)有(you)(you)機會成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)信息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)創造(zao)者(zhe)與(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)者(zhe)，而(er)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)占(zhan)絕主(zhu)導地位之后，讓(rang)(rang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展為(wei)雙向對(dui)稱(cheng)主(zhu)體。對(dui)此(ci)，通過調(diao)整企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)革，對(dui)當前(qian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)念做(zuo)出(chu)調(diao)整，適(shi)(shi)當加大現(xian)場(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)力(li)度(du)(du)，積極引入多(duo)(duo)(duo)元(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)手段，通過一(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列舉措穩定企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)勞動關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。2.企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)層面數字(zi)經濟下，互聯(lian)網與(yu)信息(xi)技術(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)助推(tui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)構建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)支(zhi)撐。該創新體系(xi)(xi)(xi)能(neng)夠(gou)幫助企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)實時掌握(wo)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)動態信息(xi)，便于(yu)針對(dui)性(xing)采取(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)措施(shi)，以(yi)此(ci)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)穩定企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。使(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)不再局限(xian)于(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)垂直管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)，既能(neng)最大限(xian)度(du)(du)滿(man)足管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)需求、優化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)效果，同時也可防(fang)止對(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)束縛。簡而(er)言之，就是(shi)利(li)用信息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)手段，打造(zao)結(jie)構寬(kuan)松、個性(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)新生態員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，這(zhe)與(yu)勞動經濟學理(li)(li)(li)念高(gao)度(du)(du)契合，而(er)且企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不需要(yao)(yao)過多(duo)(duo)(duo)投入成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)于(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)活動中，僅通過轉變(bian)(bian)(bian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)思路、體系(xi)(xi)(xi)、模(mo)式(shi)，便可取(qu)得理(li)(li)(li)想化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)效益(yi)，進一(yi)(yi)步增(zeng)強員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)歸屬感，調(diao)動員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)積極性(xing)，讓(rang)(rang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在快樂(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中創造(zao)價(jia)值。

二、數字經濟背(bei)景下企(qi)業與員工關(guan)系的特(te)點(dian)

摘(zhai)要：員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)是(shi)企業(ye)人(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管理(li)(li)中(zhong)的(de)重(zhong)點，處理(li)(li)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)之間關(guan)系(xi)是(shi)企業(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)關(guan)鍵，現階段部分中(zhong)小(xiao)企業(ye)內(nei)部員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)緊張隔閡較(jiao)深，在日常(chang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時很難發揮團隊協作(zuo)(zuo)性，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)被(bei)局限(xian)在一定范圍內(nei)。針對(dui)這種問(wen)題(ti)，公司管理(li)(li)人(ren)應對(dui)人(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管理(li)(li)改革加以重(zhong)視(shi)，從(cong)多(duo)層(ceng)次、多(duo)角度(du)入手逐漸緩和(he)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)之間的(de)沖突(tu)問(wen)題(ti)，發揮人(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管理(li)(li)真正的(de)價(jia)值。本文結合筆(bi)者數年(nian)人(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管理(li)(li)經驗(yan)，淺談人(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管理(li)(li)對(dui)于員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)的(de)促進作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，提(ti)升企業(ye)內(nei)部工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。

關鍵詞：人力資源管理；員工(gong)關系；企業發展；方法分析

一、引言

人(ren)力(li)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)調節(jie)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)系的關(guan)鍵，一直以來都(dou)受到企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理人(ren)員(yuan)層高度重視，很多(duo)(duo)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)已經將員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)系狀態(tai)納(na)入人(ren)力(li)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理部門績效(xiao)考核選項(xiang)，可見(jian)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理對員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)系提(ti)升有(you)著(zhu)極為(wei)重要的幫助。員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的基石(shi)，其價值理念與(yu)心(xin)理狀態(tai)會影(ying)響到身邊其他人(ren)，若出現不(bu)匹配(pei)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)很可能影(ying)響到團隊里的其他人(ren)，對于該類(lei)人(ren)員(yuan)很多(duo)(duo)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)沒有(you)有(you)效(xiao)處理辦(ban)法。而隨著(zhu)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理理念興起，在(zai)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)系處理方面有(you)著(zhu)很多(duo)(duo)獨特(te)成效(xiao)，不(bu)僅提(ti)升了(le)(le)團隊協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)性，還顯著(zhu)提(ti)升了(le)(le)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產效(xiao)益，促(cu)進了(le)(le)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)。

二、員工(gong)關(guan)(guan)系管理(li)的相關(guan)(guan)概述

員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)管(guan)理(li)是一(yi)種復雜的(de)社會(hui)經濟管(guan)理(li)技術，它不僅涵蓋了員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)處理(li)辦法(fa)，還通(tong)過基(ji)層員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)促(cu)進勞(lao)資雙方共同利益。對于(yu)企業來(lai)說(shuo)，“員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)”是員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)進入企業后付出勞(lao)動(dong)的(de)整體(ti)過程，隨著勞(lao)動(dong)契約的(de)簽署(shu)逐(zhu)漸發(fa)生根本(ben)性變化；對于(yu)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)來(lai)說(shuo)，“員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)”是其在企業發(fa)展的(de)重要因素，若長時間處理(li)不好與其他員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)本(ben)人(ren)有很大可能(neng)會(hui)選擇離職(zhi)。因此，加強員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)之間的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)逐(zhu)漸成(cheng)為人(ren)力資源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)部(bu)門工(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)最(zui)重要的(de)問題。

摘(zhai)要：從業者(zhe)人(ren)(ren)格(ge)特質(zhi)無(wu)疑會對(dui)其工(gong)作績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)產生(sheng)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。通過對(dui)酒店(dian)從業人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問卷(juan)獲(huo)悉數據，文章從神經質(zhi)、外(wai)(wai)向(xiang)性(xing)、開(kai)放(fang)性(xing)、宜(yi)人(ren)(ren)性(xing)和(he)(he)盡責(ze)性(xing)構(gou)建(jian)大五人(ren)(ren)格(ge)特質(zhi)與工(gong)作績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析模型，以研究酒店(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)格(ge)特質(zhi)與任務績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)關系(xi)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關性(xing)。基于SPSS軟件(jian)進行統計分析，結果顯(xian)示神經質(zhi)對(dui)任務績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)有顯(xian)著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)向(xiang)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，對(dui)關系(xi)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)沒有明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；外(wai)(wai)向(xiang)性(xing)和(he)(he)宜(yi)人(ren)(ren)性(xing)對(dui)任務績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、關系(xi)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)都有顯(xian)著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正向(xiang)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；開(kai)放(fang)性(xing)和(he)(he)盡責(ze)性(xing)對(dui)任務績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)有顯(xian)著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正向(xiang)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，但對(dui)關系(xi)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)沒有明(ming)顯(xian)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。文章還根據酒店(dian)從業者(zhe)人(ren)(ren)格(ge)特質(zhi)與工(gong)作績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關性(xing)提出酒店(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)若干建(jian)議(yi)。

關(guan)鍵(jian)詞：酒店管理(li)；大五人格；任務績效(xiao)；關(guan)系績效(xiao)

人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)(te)(te)(te)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)性(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究備受(shou)關(guan)注。[1,2]近年來，經(jing)濟學或心理(li)學領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)許多關(guan)于企(qi)業(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)(te)(te)(te)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)關(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調查(cha)(cha)統(tong)計(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究。如：劉(liu)金(jin)培等(deng)通過(guo)對(dui)(dui)23家高(gao)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)企(qi)業(ye)121名(ming)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調查(cha)(cha)數據進(jin)行(xing)統(tong)計(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，采用大(da)(da)二人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)(te)(te)(te)征(zheng)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)，探討創新(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)(te)(te)(te)征(zheng)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響機制。[3]黎丹(dan)等(deng)通過(guo)對(dui)(dui)企(qi)業(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)行(xing)問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)調查(cha)(cha)，并采用統(tong)計(ji)(ji)產(chan)品與(yu)服(fu)務解決方案(StatisticalProductandServiceSolutions,SPSS)軟(ruan)件對(dui)(dui)問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)數據進(jin)行(xing)處理(li)和(he)(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，得(de)出企(qi)業(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)在(zai)部分(fen)(fen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口統(tong)計(ji)(ji)學變量(liang)(liang)(liang)上存在(zai)顯著(zhu)差異(yi)。[4]類似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文獻采用問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)調查(cha)(cha)方式(shi)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究中(zhong)小(xiao)學教師和(he)(he)(he)高(gao)校教師人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)(te)(te)(te)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)性(xing)，并提(ti)出新(xin)教師招(zhao)聘(pin)(pin)及培養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)若干(gan)建議(yi)。[5-7]芮雪琴(qin)等(deng)以大(da)(da)五人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)量(liang)(liang)(liang)表(biao)、知識(shi)(shi)共享環境量(liang)(liang)(liang)表(biao)和(he)(he)(he)知識(shi)(shi)共享績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)表(biao)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)，對(dui)(dui)高(gao)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)企(qi)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)訪談和(he)(he)(he)問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)調研(yan)(yan)(yan)，提(ti)出企(qi)業(ye)科技(ji)(ji)型(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才大(da)(da)五人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)(te)(te)(te)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)知識(shi)(shi)共享績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)具(ju)有(you)(you)預測作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。[8]姚若松(song)等(deng)根據對(dui)(dui)公交(jiao)行(xing)業(ye)一線(xian)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)調查(cha)(cha)，提(ti)出工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)態度調節著(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)(te)(te)(te)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。[9]馮利偉等(deng)從(cong)(cong)情緒敏感性(xing)、外向性(xing)、經(jing)驗開放性(xing)、親和(he)(he)(he)性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)責任意識(shi)(shi)等(deng)五個維度構建大(da)(da)五人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)(te)(te)(te)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)，采用問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)調查(cha)(cha)形式(shi)，分(fen)(fen)析(xi)中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)(te)(te)(te)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)性(xing)，并提(ti)出企(qi)業(ye)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)選(xuan)拔(ba)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)若干(gan)建議(yi)。[10]盡(jin)管(guan)(guan)已(yi)有(you)(you)許多關(guan)于從(cong)(cong)業(ye)者(zhe)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)(te)(te)(te)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)相(xiang)關(guan)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究，但很少有(you)(you)針對(dui)(dui)酒店(dian)(dian)行(xing)業(ye)展開研(yan)(yan)(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，特(te)(te)(te)(te)別(bie)是(shi)在(zai)當前以“90后”作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為主要勞動力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酒店(dian)(dian)餐飲業(ye)。酒店(dian)(dian)餐飲業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)繁瑣復雜，服(fu)務人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)招(zhao)聘(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)一直是(shi)酒店(dian)(dian)面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重大(da)(da)問(wen)(wen)題。因此，本文以云南(nan)蒙(meng)自市(shi)紅河官房(fang)大(da)(da)酒店(dian)(dian)餐飲部工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)為調查(cha)(cha)對(dui)(dui)象，通過(guo)問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)獲悉(xi)數據分(fen)(fen)析(xi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)(te)(te)(te)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，并根據其(qi)具(ju)體影響有(you)(you)針對(dui)(dui)性(xing)地提(ti)出酒店(dian)(dian)應(ying)如何對(dui)(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)行(xing)激勵管(guan)(guan)理(li)，從(cong)(cong)而有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。

一問卷調查設計

大五(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)的五(wu)(wu)(wu)個(ge)(ge)維(wei)度(du)(du)(du)分別(bie)(bie)(bie)是(shi)指神(shen)經質(zhi)、外(wai)向(xiang)(xiang)性(xing)(xing)、開(kai)放性(xing)(xing)、宜人(ren)(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)盡(jin)(jin)責性(xing)(xing)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)是(shi)指員工(gong)(gong)(gong)完(wan)成組織下達的一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)任(ren)務(wu)的效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)，可(ke)分為(wei)任(ren)務(wu)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)關(guan)系(xi)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)方面。本(ben)文采用大五(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)模型對酒(jiu)店(dian)(dian)餐飲服(fu)務(wu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門從業人(ren)(ren)(ren)員進行調研，以人(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)質(zhi)的五(wu)(wu)(wu)個(ge)(ge)維(wei)度(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)自變(bian)(bian)量(liang)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)的兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)維(wei)度(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)因變(bian)(bian)量(liang)，探討酒(jiu)店(dian)(dian)餐飲部(bu)(bu)(bu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)質(zhi)的五(wu)(wu)(wu)個(ge)(ge)維(wei)度(du)(du)(du)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)維(wei)度(du)(du)(du)的相關(guan)程度(du)(du)(du)，其(qi)(qi)分析模型如(ru)圖1所(suo)示：問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)調查表(biao)設計(ji)分為(wei)三部(bu)(bu)(bu)分內(nei)容。第一(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分：個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)基本(ben)信息，包括性(xing)(xing)別(bie)(bie)(bie)、年(nian)齡、學(xue)歷、入職年(nian)限等。第二(er)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分：人(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)質(zhi)調查，包括神(shen)經質(zhi)、外(wai)向(xiang)(xiang)性(xing)(xing)、開(kai)放性(xing)(xing)、宜人(ren)(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)、盡(jin)(jin)責性(xing)(xing)五(wu)(wu)(wu)個(ge)(ge)維(wei)度(du)(du)(du)，每個(ge)(ge)維(wei)度(du)(du)(du)3題(ti)，共15題(ti)，其(qi)(qi)中1-3題(ti)為(wei)反向(xiang)(xiang)題(ti)，4-15題(ti)為(wei)正向(xiang)(xiang)題(ti)。具(ju)體(ti)說，人(ren)(ren)(ren)格(ge)特(te)質(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)個(ge)(ge)維(wei)度(du)(du)(du)與問(wen)(wen)題(ti)的匹(pi)配(pei)如(ru)表(biao)1所(suo)示。第三部(bu)(bu)(bu)分：工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)，包括任(ren)務(wu)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)關(guan)系(xi)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)維(wei)度(du)(du)(du)。其(qi)(qi)中：任(ren)務(wu)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)是(shi)指工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)和(he)(he)效(xiao)(xiao)果；關(guan)系(xi)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)是(shi)指人(ren)(ren)(ren)際(ji)促進和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)奉獻。每一(yi)維(wei)度(du)(du)(du)設計(ji)6個(ge)(ge)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，具(ju)體(ti)如(ru)表(biao)2所(suo)示。問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)調查的對象是(shi)云南(nan)省蒙自市紅(hong)河(he)官(guan)房大酒(jiu)店(dian)(dian)餐飲部(bu)(bu)(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員，共計(ji)80人(ren)(ren)(ren)。其(qi)(qi)中：72人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)19—29歲之(zhi)間的“90后”，3人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)“00后”，其(qi)(qi)他5位較年(nian)長的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員分別(bie)(bie)(bie)是(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門經理、副經理和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)主管。

二數據統計與分析

摘要:勞(lao)務關(guan)(guan)系指(zhi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業和(he)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)之間的(de)關(guan)(guan)系，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業為(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)工(gong)作崗位，而(er)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)為(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業提(ti)供(gong)(gong)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)服務，進而(er)形成具(ju)有一定(ding)(ding)法律效(xiao)(xiao)益的(de)合作關(guan)(guan)系。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業在招(zhao)聘員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)之后(hou)往(wang)往(wang)會簽訂勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同，合同中包括工(gong)作期間員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)與企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業之間需(xu)要相(xiang)(xiang)互履行(xing)的(de)責(ze)任(ren)、員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)工(gong)作期間的(de)待(dai)遇問題以及解除合同的(de)條(tiao)件等相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)內(nei)容，在法律上明確規定(ding)(ding)出了(le)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系雙方需(xu)要各自履行(xing)的(de)職責(ze)，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同的(de)簽訂不僅可以保證(zheng)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)的(de)自身效(xiao)(xiao)益，還(huan)可以有效(xiao)(xiao)保障(zhang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業的(de)正(zheng)常運(yun)行(xing)管(guan)理(li)。為(wei)此(ci)，合同的(de)簽訂需(xu)要嚴格按照相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)法規執行(xing)，構建融洽的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業的(de)長期穩定(ding)(ding)發展。

關鍵詞:人(ren)力資源管理;勞動關系;管理辦法

在人力資源管理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管理(li)是至關(guan)(guan)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)一部分，它關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)到勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)雙(shuang)方(fang)的(de)(de)利益關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，只(zhi)有做好勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管理(li)，才能(neng)確(que)保員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)積極(ji)性(xing)，提(ti)升企(qi)業生產的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)效率，進(jin)而(er)促(cu)進(jin)企(qi)業的(de)(de)經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。為(wei)了保證(zheng)企(qi)業的(de)(de)穩定發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，我們(men)必須處理(li)好企(qi)業與員(yuan)工(gong)之間的(de)(de)利益問題，采用(yong)以人為(wei)本的(de)(de)觀念進(jin)行勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管理(li)。有效的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管理(li)不僅可(ke)以激發(fa)(fa)員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)積極(ji)性(xing)，還可(ke)以使其(qi)發(fa)(fa)揮最大的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，為(wei)企(qi)業創造更(geng)多的(de)(de)價值，對(dui)于企(qi)業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)而(er)言具有積極(ji)影響。

一、企業勞動關系(xi)管理現狀及存在的問題

(一(yi))勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)確立(li)(li)、變更(geng)(geng)、終(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)存在(zai)(zai)隨意(yi)(yi)性(xing)。就目前勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)形式而言，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建立(li)(li)還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)健(jian)全(quan)，缺乏相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)監督(du)、制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)和(he)(he)協調機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此，各個企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)雖然(ran)會(hui)(hui)與員(yuan)工(gong)簽訂(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，在(zai)(zai)招(zhao)(zhao)聘(pin)員(yuan)工(gong)之(zhi)后實(shi)行(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)，但是在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際工(gong)作中并(bing)沒(mei)有完(wan)全(quan)履行(xing)(xing)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，往往根據企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自身(shen)(shen)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)隨意(yi)(yi)解(jie)除(chu)和(he)(he)終(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，而員(yuan)工(gong)并(bing)沒(mei)有得(de)到應有的(de)(de)(de)(de)補(bu)償(chang)。由(you)于(yu)員(yuan)工(gong)自身(shen)(shen)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)參差不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)齊，大(da)(da)部(bu)分員(yuan)工(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)備(bei)使用法(fa)律維權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式來(lai)獲(huo)取(qu)對(dui)(dui)應補(bu)償(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力，致(zhi)使企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)處(chu)理(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)時(shi)(shi)過于(yu)隨意(yi)(yi)，助(zhu)長了(le)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良風氣。除(chu)此之(zhi)外，部(bu)分員(yuan)工(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)解(jie)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)簽訂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)作用，根據自身(shen)(shen)意(yi)(yi)愿隨意(yi)(yi)辭(ci)職來(lai)終(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，這(zhe)也是造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管理(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能規范的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)因之(zhi)一(yi)。(二(er))勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力流動(dong)(dong)(dong)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)加(jia)快，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)短(duan)期(qi)化趨勢(shi)明顯。高(gao)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人才相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較少(shao)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)在(zai)(zai)同(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)中獲(huo)取(qu)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)，必然(ran)會(hui)(hui)以(yi)優厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)薪資(zi)待(dai)遇來(lai)吸納人才，這(zhe)種情(qing)況下就會(hui)(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)高(gao)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人才頻(pin)(pin)繁(fan)更(geng)(geng)換(huan)單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。高(gao)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人才為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)獲(huo)得(de)更(geng)(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)待(dai)遇在(zai)(zai)簽訂(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)會(hui)(hui)優先選(xuan)擇(ze)簽訂(ding)短(duan)期(qi)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，形成(cheng)(cheng)短(duan)時(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)作關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，這(zhe)也是導(dao)致(zhi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力流動(dong)(dong)(dong)速度加(jia)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)因之(zhi)一(yi)。除(chu)此之(zhi)外，低(di)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)低(di)技能的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力偏多，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)會(hui)(hui)招(zhao)(zhao)聘(pin)大(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)工(gong)以(yi)保證(zheng)(zheng)生產效率(lv)，而當企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)進入發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)平衡期(qi)或者低(di)谷期(qi)時(shi)(shi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)減(jian)少(shao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源投入，會(hui)(hui)以(yi)裁員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式來(lai)降(jiang)低(di)生產成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)投入來(lai)保證(zheng)(zheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此部(bu)分企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)招(zhao)(zhao)聘(pin)低(di)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、低(di)技能人員(yuan)時(shi)(shi)也會(hui)(hui)選(xuan)擇(ze)簽訂(ding)短(duan)期(qi)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)以(yi)避免造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。(三)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)案(an)件不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷增加(jia)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙方存在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利益關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，部(bu)分企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)獲(huo)取(qu)更(geng)(geng)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益，會(hui)(hui)侵犯員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)法(fa)權(quan)(quan)益，致(zhi)使勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)案(an)件多發(fa)(fa)。而我(wo)國針對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)法(fa)還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)完(wan)善，沒(mei)有形成(cheng)(cheng)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)監督(du)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，致(zhi)使勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管理(li)過于(yu)隨意(yi)(yi)，對(dui)(dui)員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)法(fa)權(quan)(quan)益造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)定(ding)影響，這(zhe)也是勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)案(an)件頻(pin)(pin)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)因之(zhi)一(yi)。

二、針對企業的勞動關(guan)系(xi)管(guan)理問題提出的改進方案

1確定以人為本的發展戰略

1.1加強企業戰略管理，穩定員(yuan)工(gong)隊伍

確立(li)以人(ren)(ren)為(wei)本(ben)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)戰(zhan)略，要求(qiu)我們必須牢固(gu)樹(shu)立(li)以人(ren)(ren)為(wei)本(ben)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)觀。要求(qiu)在企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管理發(fa)展(zhan)過程(cheng)中，以人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)為(wei)出發(fa)點和歸宿。任何企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)都(dou)離不(bu)開(kai)勞(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，清晰明確的(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系是確保企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)又(you)好又(you)快發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)內在要求(qiu)。在電力企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內部(bu)，通過對企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)關(guan)懷(huai)以及對企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)關(guan)系的(de)(de)關(guan)注，可以有效地提高電力企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內各部(bu)門的(de)(de)協(xie)作(zuo)與(yu)溝通，調動(dong)廣大電力員工的(de)(de)生產積極性(xing)，使組織(zhi)中的(de)(de)每個人(ren)(ren)都(dou)參與(yu)到企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)決策中，共(gong)同構筑電力企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和諧發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)美好藍圖(tu)。

1．2加大員工培訓力度，提供人(ren)才保障

教育與培訓是(shi)實現(xian)企(qi)業(ye)與員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)和(he)(he)(he)諧共進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)途(tu)徑。當今世界的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)之(zhi)爭就(jiu)是(shi)學習速度(du)(du)之(zhi)爭，企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內部變更速度(du)(du)必須快(kuai)于外部環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)變革速度(du)(du)，只有(you)這樣企(qi)業(ye)才(cai)(cai)能生存、發展。因此電力(li)企(qi)業(ye)特別(bie)注(zhu)重(zhong)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步(bu)和(he)(he)(he)成長，在學習上永無(wu)止(zhi)步(bu)。注(zhu)重(zhong)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)開發，實施全員(yuan)(yuan)教育培訓，全面(mian)推進(jin)各類人(ren)才(cai)(cai)隊伍的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)，抓(zhua)好緊(jin)缺人(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培養(yang)和(he)(he)(he)引進(jin)，不斷優化(hua)隊伍結構，增強隊伍素(su)質，激(ji)發員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)造(zao)活力(li)，為建設(she)國(guo)際一流企(qi)業(ye)提供人(ren)才(cai)(cai)保障(zhang)和(he)(he)(he)智力(li)支持(chi)。

1．3加深對員工的關愛，增強員工歸屬(shu)感

摘要(yao)：隨著(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)體制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)不斷改革(ge)，我國很多城市就興起了(le)(le)民間資本(ben)與社(she)會力量合作(zuo)(zuo)辦(ban)學的(de)主要(yao)模式。這種新(xin)(xin)型的(de)民辦(ban)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)辦(ban)學模式，將社(she)會資本(ben)成功(gong)引入(ru)到了(le)(le)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)體系(xi)之中，給我國高(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)事業(ye)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)注入(ru)了(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)鮮血液和力量，也給教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)體制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)改革(ge)提供了(le)(le)堅實基礎。本(ben)文主要(yao)對(dui)民辦(ban)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)關(guan)系(xi)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)進行(xing)深(shen)入(ru)研究，以期能夠(gou)讓我國民辦(ban)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)關(guan)系(xi)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)發(fa)揮應(ying)有的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。

關(guan)鍵(jian)詞：民辦高校員工(gong)關(guan)系管理

在(zai)(zai)長時間的(de)(de)發展(zhan)過(guo)程中(zhong)，我國民辦高(gao)校不管是在(zai)(zai)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)還是質量(liang)(liang)方面，都(dou)取(qu)得非常可觀的(de)(de)進步和成果(guo)。但(dan)是，在(zai)(zai)規模和數(shu)量(liang)(liang)不斷擴大和增(zeng)加的(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)，其(qi)管理(li)(li)(li)手段與(yu)(yu)管理(li)(li)(li)體系的(de)(de)建立就存在(zai)(zai)很多問題(ti)。而人(ren)力(li)資源管理(li)(li)(li)工作中(zhong)的(de)(de)員工關系管理(li)(li)(li)環節(jie)，更是直接影響著(zhu)整個(ge)民辦高(gao)校的(de)(de)綜合發展(zhan)戰略與(yu)(yu)方向。

一、做好(hao)“雙選”工作

民(min)辦高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)內部擁有眾(zhong)多高(gao)(gao)素質、高(gao)(gao)規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人才，而基于高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)員(yuan)工(gong)所(suo)擁有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊性，就(jiu)應(ying)該讓高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)員(yuan)工(gong)關系管理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)落實到(dao)整(zheng)個民(min)辦高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人力(li)資源管理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)內容(rong)當(dang)中，盡(jin)可能實現(xian)統籌兼(jian)顧，同時(shi)又要突(tu)出管理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點。將心理(li)契約(yue)當(dang)成(cheng)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)內容(rong)，在民(min)辦高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聘(pin)任(ren)、選(xuan)調和(he)崗(gang)位人員(yuan)分配(pei)上，做(zuo)好“雙選(xuan)”工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)該與(yu)應(ying)聘(pin)者之間(jian)都(dou)坦誠相(xiang)待，針對薪酬、科研經費等(deng)相(xiang)關問題要及時(shi)充分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流或溝通(tong)，利(li)用這種方式有效降低(di)心理(li)契約(yue)和(he)民(min)辦高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)之間(jian)所(suo)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異。在應(ying)聘(pin)人員(yuan)進(jin)入到(dao)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)內部以(yi)后(hou)，利(li)用崗(gang)前(qian)培(pei)訓和(he)校(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)文(wen)化等(deng)活動，讓員(yuan)工(gong)可以(yi)充分了(le)解和(he)掌握高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)自身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)情況，讓其可以(yi)在試用期這個階段更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)自身(shen)狀態，做(zuo)出對雙方都(dou)存在益(yi)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇。

二(er)、開展較(jiao)為(wei)有效的交流環節

編者按(an)：本文主(zhu)要從(cong)離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值；離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)員(yuan)(yuan)工關(guan)系(xi)管理(li)(li)；結語進行論述。其中(zhong)，主(zhu)要包括：核(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)員(yuan)(yuan)工具(ju)有完善的(de)(de)(de)專業知(zhi)識，具(ju)備特殊的(de)(de)(de)或是難以替(ti)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)才(cai)能、中(zhong)肯的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)、高效的(de)(de)(de)信息來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)、核(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)員(yuan)(yuan)工具(ju)有相當豐富的(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識素養和(he)從(cong)業經(jing)驗、可靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)人才(cai)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)、離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)員(yuan)(yuan)工是企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)人才(cai)儲(chu)備資源(yuan)(yuan)、離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)員(yuan)(yuan)工具(ju)有很大的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值、知(zhi)名(ming)企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)員(yuan)(yuan)工關(guan)系(xi)管理(li)(li)、麥肯錫公司(si)——建(jian)立(li)(li)名(ming)錄：一網打盡、惠普公司(si)——握手話別：陪送“嫁妝”、Bain公司(si)——真心(xin)(xin)(xin)牽掛：人走心(xin)(xin)(xin)連、摩托羅(luo)拉——不(bu)記前(qian)嫌(xian)：好馬(ma)回頭(tou)、IBM——熱情依舊(jiu)，歡迎回來(lai)、Intel公司(si)——不(bu)拘(ju)形(xing)式，鼓(gu)勵回來(lai)、離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)員(yuan)(yuan)工關(guan)系(xi)管理(li)(li)、尊(zun)重核(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)員(yuan)(yuan)工，與其保持良好的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)、建(jian)立(li)(li)定(ding)期面談制(zhi)度、為員(yuan)(yuan)工做好職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業指導，幫助(zhu)其尋(xun)找安全感、保持長期穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)聯系(xi)，進行個性化(hua)溝通、建(jian)立(li)(li)離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)員(yuan)(yuan)工返聘制(zhi)度等，具(ju)體請詳見(jian)。

摘要(yao)：核(he)心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)具備(bei)難以替代的(de)才能，掌握(wo)企(qi)業的(de)核(he)心(xin)事務，控(kong)制著(zhu)關(guan)鍵資源，在(zai)(zai)企(qi)業中的(de)地位舉足輕重，面對去意(yi)已決的(de)核(he)心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)，企(qi)業要(yao)在(zai)(zai)充分了解(jie)離(li)(li)職(zhi)核(he)心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)基礎上，借鑒知名公司(si)的(de)做法，結(jie)合自身情況，對離(li)(li)職(zhi)核(he)心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)進(jin)行良好的(de)關(guan)系管理，與(yu)之保持良好的(de)關(guan)系，讓他們人走(zou)心(xin)留，繼(ji)續發揮(hui)他們的(de)價(jia)值(zhi)。

關鍵詞：離(li)職;核心員工;關系管理

1離職核心員(yuan)工的價(jia)值

核(he)(he)心員工具有完善的(de)(de)專業知識，具備(bei)特殊(shu)的(de)(de)或是難(nan)以替代的(de)(de)才能，掌握企(qi)(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)核(he)(he)心事務，控制(zhi)關(guan)鍵資源，在企(qi)(qi)(qi)業中的(de)(de)地位舉足輕重，不僅影響著(zhu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)工作進程，還關(guan)系(xi)到(dao)團隊(dui)的(de)(de)凝聚力。核(he)(he)心員工離(li)職，會給(gei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業帶來(lai)巨大的(de)(de)成本損(sun)失、影響到(dao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)整(zheng)體發展規劃(hua)、造成更多的(de)(de)人事變(bian)動、削弱企(qi)(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)競爭(zheng)力。

1．1中肯的意見來源

論文關鍵詞：員(yuan)工(gong)工(gong)作滿意度管(guan)理(li)模式

論(lun)文(wen)摘要：本(ben)文(wen)在梳理(li)了已有對(dui)員工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)作滿(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)研究的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，依據中國企業的(de)(de)(de)實際和調研情況，從工(gong)(gong)作滿(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)定(ding)義、工(gong)(gong)作滿(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)和工(gong)(gong)作績效的(de)(de)(de)關系、工(gong)(gong)作滿(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)測量(liang)等方面(mian)，探討(tao)了員工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)作滿(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)，提(ti)出(chu)了工(gong)(gong)作滿(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)循環管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)新模式。

國(guo)外對員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)滿(man)(man)意(yi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究始于(yu)(yu)20世紀30年代，已有70多年歷史，取得了一批研(yan)究成果(guo)。我國(guo)應(ying)依(yi)據國(guo)情，積極探(tan)(tan)索經濟全球(qiu)化下，適合中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)企業的(de)(de)(de)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)模式(shi)。員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)度(du)是(shi)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)一種非(fei)常重要的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)態度(du)，是(shi)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)重要內容。對員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而言，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)不僅是(shi)謀(mou)生手段，還是(shi)希望通過工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)尋找樂趣，提(ti)高自身(shen)生活質量(liang)，完善自我，實(shi)現(xian)自我價值。正(zheng)是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)對象的(de)(de)(de)身(shen)心要求的(de)(de)(de)變化與(yu)提(ti)高，客(ke)觀上(shang)要求組(zu)織管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)者重新(xin)(xin)定位(wei)組(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)方(fang)向，調整管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)方(fang)式(shi)，提(ti)高管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)水平，實(shi)現(xian)“管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”與(yu)“被管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”的(de)(de)(de)“雙(shuang)贏”，為員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、社(she)會增加福址(zhi)。本(ben)文試圖在已有研(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，立(li)足中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)企業現(xian)狀，重新(xin)(xin)審視員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)度(du)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)績效的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)，探(tan)(tan)析員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)決定因素，進而提(ti)出對員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)度(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)側重點。

一(yi)、員工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)作滿意度與管理

員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)義目前主(zhu)要(yao)有四種(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)整體(ti)(ti)性(xing)定(ding)(ding)義，認(ren)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)本(ben)身(shen)及(ji)有關環境(jing)所(suo)(suo)持的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)態度(du)(du)或看(kan)法，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)其工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)角色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)情感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)。支持學(xue)者Locke認(ren)為(wei):“對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)愉悅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)狀態，它(ta)來自(zi)于(yu)當(dang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)人實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)了自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)價值時對(dui)(dui)自(zi)己(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)價。”二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)參(can)考(kao)架構(gou)性(xing)定(ding)(ding)義，認(ren)為(wei)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)觀情感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)及(ji)知(zhi)覺是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)影(ying)響(xiang)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態度(du)(du)和行(xing)為(wei)最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)(su)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)覺與解(jie)釋受自(zi)我參(can)考(kao)架構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多構(gou)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)個(ge)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)和不(bu)(bu)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)原因(yin)各(ge)不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)同(tong)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)用(yong)定(ding)(ding)義，指工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)給工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者在(zai)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)層次上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)得(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)程度(du)(du)扣除(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)負(fu)(fu)效(xiao)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剩余部分，要(yao)使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)就要(yao)使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)際(ji)(ji)正效(xiao)用(yong)等于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)際(ji)(ji)負(fu)(fu)效(xiao)用(yong)。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)望型定(ding)(ding)義，認(ren)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)變(bian)(bian)量而非絕(jue)對(dui)(dui)變(bian)(bian)量，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)體(ti)(ti)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)所(suo)(suo)得(de)與所(suo)(suo)期(qi)望得(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)之間差(cha)距的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)，差(cha)距越(yue)小，滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)越(yue)大(da)(da)(da)。支持學(xue)者有美國心(xin)(xin)理(li)學(xue)家(jia)Vroom，他(ta)認(ren)為(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)取決于(yu)個(ge)體(ti)(ti)期(qi)望與實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)取得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)期(qi)望相(xiang)吻合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du)(du)，期(qi)望未能(neng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)便產生了不(bu)(bu)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，只有工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)期(qi)望大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)期(qi)期(qi)望時，才會產生工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。由(you)此可見，滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)小不(bu)(bu)但(dan)要(yao)看(kan)個(ge)體(ti)(ti)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)得(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，還(huan)要(yao)看(kan)個(ge)體(ti)(ti)所(suo)(suo)選的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)照系(xi)。以上對(dui)(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)定(ding)(ding)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究主(zhu)要(yao)出(chu)自(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些心(xin)(xin)理(li)學(xue)家(jia)、組織行(xing)為(wei)學(xue)家(jia)，依據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)基(ji)礎(chu)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)馬斯洛(luo)理(li)論(lun)、赫茲伯格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)因(yin)素(su)(su)理(li)論(lun)、弗洛(luo)姆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)期(qi)望理(li)論(lun)、亞當(dang)斯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公平(ping)理(li)論(lun)等。但(dan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)上員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)內涵復雜、外(wai)延廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念，在(zai)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)崗位、環境(jing)、條件下，影(ying)響(xiang)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)因(yin)素(su)(su)很多，表現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，影(ying)響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du)(du)也有很大(da)(da)(da)差(cha)異，所(suo)(suo)以，要(yao)重新認(ren)識員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內涵及(ji)定(ding)(ding)義。在(zai)企(qi)業，員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)應(ying)突出(chu)“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)質與內容(rong)，以區別一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般意(yi)(yi)(yi)義上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)，由(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)所(suo)(suo)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)變(bian)(bian)動(dong)與反(fan)(fan)應(ying)，在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)比較之中(zhong)(zhong)發生變(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)變(bian)(bian)量，因(yin)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)個(ge)體(ti)(ti)、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)參(can)照系(xi)而不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)體(ti)(ti)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)所(suo)(suo)從(cong)事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)內心(xin)(xin)自(zi)我度(du)(du)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)。

有時工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)意(yi)度(du)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)員工(gong)可能(neng)總的(de)(de)(de)滿(man)意(yi)度(du)很(hen)低。人的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)感很(hen)復雜，很(hen)難完全被(bei)剖(pou)析，但(dan)為了把握工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)意(yi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)涵，便于分析，應當盡可能(neng)使問題簡化、清(qing)晰。雖(sui)然(ran)一般講‘只有員工(gong)滿(man)意(yi)，才能(neng)使顧(gu)客(ke)滿(man)意(yi)”，但(dan)實際操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)往往使管(guan)理(li)(li)者無從下(xia)手(shou)。在(zai)實踐(jian)中(zhong)，對滿(man)意(yi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)主要針對組織中(zhong)層以(yi)上(shang)或中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)級(ji)知(zhi)識(shi)分子，因為，他們的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)意(yi)度(du)程度(du)如何，對組織的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展影響很(hen)大，這(zhe)些員工(gong)認知(zhi)水平、情(qing)商比(bi)較高(gao)(gao)，能(neng)處理(li)(li)好工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、生活(huo)、學習等各(ge)個方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)關系。管(guan)理(li)(li)者應把工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)意(yi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)概念明晰簡化，考慮(lv)自身時間和精力(li)的(de)(de)(de)有限(xian)性，注重員工(gong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)意(yi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)實現與提高(gao)(gao)，以(yi)此來(lai)調(diao)整管(guan)理(li)(li)方式。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)威(wei)和(he)(he)(he)(he)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)與之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)威(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)護與實現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)本質(zhi)上(shang)排(pai)斥(chi)(chi)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與，為(wei)(wei)維(wei)護管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)威(wei)，決策(ce)和(he)(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)必然(ran)要(yao)求(qiu)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對(dui)(dui)(dui)服從；而職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與程度(du)是對(dui)(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)威(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制、修正(zheng)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)否(fou)定(ding)。過于(yu)堅持管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)威(wei)，可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)抑(yi)制職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)(ji)(ji)性，過于(yu)強(qiang)化職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與，則可(ke)能(neng)弱化管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)。實踐證明，無論何種(zhong)情形，均會(hui)增加(jia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)成本、降低(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)率。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)調和(he)(he)(he)(he)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我國(guo)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)普遍存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)，也(ye)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)避免的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)了(le)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)率，以(yi)及勞(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤炭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)，這(zhe)對(dui)(dui)(dui)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)為(wei)(wei)過分(fen)(fen)(fen)追求(qiu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)威(wei)而壓制員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)日常管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)強(qiang)調員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)命令的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遵從，排(pai)斥(chi)(chi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與。其突出(chu)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)為(wei)(wei)兩種(zhong)情況：①對(dui)(dui)(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)束縛(fu)式管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)們在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)各種(zhong)規章制度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)制約(yue)中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)服務(wu)，員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)完全處于(yu)被動(dong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)從屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位，員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)(ji)(ji)性受到壓抑(yi)。②部分(fen)(fen)(fen)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)經營和(he)(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)，特別是一(yi)(yi)二線基(ji)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)區隊管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)錯(cuo)誤(wu)地采取簡單(dan)粗暴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)方式來(lai)維(wei)護自己權(quan)威(wei)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政策(ce)實施前(qian)不(bu)(bu)宣傳不(bu)(bu)溝通，執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)政策(ce)時(shi)習慣發(fa)(fa)于(yu)發(fa)(fa)號(hao)施令，不(bu)(bu)尊重和(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)解(jie)下(xia)屬；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政策(ce)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)期(qi)間(jian)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)解(jie)和(he)(he)(he)(he)沖突，不(bu)(bu)積極(ji)(ji)(ji)做(zuo)好解(jie)釋和(he)(he)(he)(he)疏(shu)導工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，任(ren)由(you)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)升級。這(zhe)都不(bu)(bu)僅影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)了(le)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)積極(ji)(ji)(ji)性，更惡化了(le)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勞(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，為(wei)(wei)日后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖突埋(mai)下(xia)了(le)隱患。這(zhe)兩對(dui)(dui)(dui)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)自始至終的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)每個企業(ye)(ye)(ye)當(dang)中(zhong)，只是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)期(qi)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。當(dang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)利(li)益(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配上(shang)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)恰當(dang)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，利(li)益(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)就會(hui)凸顯出(chu)來(lai)乃至上(shang)升為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)；當(dang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)正(zheng)確處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)威(wei)和(he)(he)(he)(he)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)與的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)時(shi)，這(zhe)對(dui)(dui)(dui)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)就會(hui)升級并影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)勞(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧。因(yin)(yin)此，不(bu)(bu)論哪種(zhong)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升級甚至一(yi)(yi)并爆發(fa)(fa)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧勞(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創建以(yi)及企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康發(fa)(fa)展來(lai)說，都會(hui)造成嚴重甚至是致(zhi)命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創傷。因(yin)(yin)此，這(zhe)兩對(dui)(dui)(dui)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)到和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧勞(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)建立，更關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)到企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康發(fa)(fa)展。

我國煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)表明(ming)(ming)，出(chu)(chu)現(xian)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)益(yi)分(fen)(fen)配上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)益(yi)沒能(neng)得(de)到(dao)(dao)應(ying)(ying)有保護(hu)和提升，而企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)益(yi)過于(yu)(yu)突出(chu)(chu)，使得(de)兩者利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)益(yi)沒能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)得(de)到(dao)(dao)很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協調，從(cong)(cong)而最終(zhong)導致了矛(mao)盾升級與(yu)(yu)凸顯。因此現(xian)階段(duan)化(hua)解矛(mao)盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)鍵是(shi)(shi)(shi)在于(yu)(yu)采取多方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)來維護(hu)和增加(jia)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)益(yi)，從(cong)(cong)而使得(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)益(yi)達到(dao)(dao)一致。具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)有：完善勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)制度(du)(du)，加(jia)強(qiang)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。我國《勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)》規定“，建立(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)應(ying)(ying)當(dang)訂立(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一經雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)簽訂，即確(que)立(li)了勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者與(yu)(yu)用(yong)人(ren)單位之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)律關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，他們之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有關(guan)(guan)(guan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)義(yi)務通過書面(mian)形(xing)式確(que)定下來，使之(zhi)(zhi)固定化(hua)、具體(ti)化(hua)、以此規范和約束勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為，并(bing)且通過勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)履行(xing)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)各自的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。任(ren)(ren)何(he)一方(fang)(fang)(fang)違約侵害另一方(fang)(fang)(fang)權(quan)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，都(dou)要承擔經濟或(huo)法(fa)律責任(ren)(ren)。建立(li)和諧勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，必(bi)須(xu)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)制度(du)(du)，加(jia)強(qiang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，不斷(duan)提高勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)意(yi)識，依(yi)法(fa)簽訂并(bing)嚴格履行(xing)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，從(cong)(cong)而在法(fa)律上(shang)(shang)維護(hu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)益(yi)，杜絕企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)隨意(yi)侵犯損(sun)害員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不和諧行(xing)為，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時，促(cu)使企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)及早學(xue)會“以人(ren)為本(ben)，尊重員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經營管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)念，走上(shang)(shang)適應(ying)(ying)新經濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道路。立(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)增長機制，并(bing)且合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)配工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)入。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)依(yi)靠員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，而員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)又離不開企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。作(zuo)(zuo)為管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)者必(bi)須(xu)樹立(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)間共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)創(chuang)造，共(gong)享(xiang)未(wei)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)宗(zong)旨，構建企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)“合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)雙(shuang)(shuang)贏”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和諧局面(mian)。因此，在企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時，必(bi)須(xu)為員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建立(li)相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)增長機制，提高員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)入，使員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)享(xiang)受到(dao)(dao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成果(guo)，從(cong)(cong)而將(jiang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)益(yi)對(dui)立(li)轉變成“利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)益(yi)共(gong)生(sheng)”。另外，如何(he)針對(dui)每位員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)績效(xiao)與(yu)(yu)貢獻(xian)價(jia)值，合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)分(fen)(fen)配，事(shi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值與(yu)(yu)尊嚴，更關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)著(zhu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想穩(wen)定和勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和諧。隨著(zhu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)素質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高，都(dou)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)明(ming)(ming)白一個(ge)道理(li)(li)(li)，那(nei)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)不能(neng)體(ti)現(xian)效(xiao)率和公(gong)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)前途的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所以一個(ge)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)配政策比工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高低更重要。煤(mei)(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在原煤(mei)(mei)開采的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)開采又是(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“苦、臟、累、險”工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。所以根據這(zhe)個(ge)特點，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)者必(bi)須(xu)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)分(fen)(fen)配政策上(shang)(shang)要向(xiang)這(zhe)四個(ge)崗位傾斜，真正做到(dao)(dao)效(xiao)益(yi)優先(xian)，兼職公(gong)平(ping)。增加(jia)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)福利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，改(gai)善員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)境和生(sheng)活(huo)條(tiao)件。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)收(shou)入是(shi)(shi)(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)核心利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)現(xian)，然而員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)福利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)其中重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組成部(bu)分(fen)(fen)。福利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)影響(xiang)著(zhu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿意(yi)度(du)(du)，也折射出(chu)(chu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)對(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)心愛護(hu)程度(du)(du)。隨著(zhu)近年來國家煤(mei)(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)整頓(dun)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深入開展(zhan)，使得(de)國有煤(mei)(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)效(xiao)益(yi)大幅度(du)(du)提高。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)效(xiao)益(yi)好(hao)，應(ying)(ying)投入實(shi)(shi)(shi)際行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)來為員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)謀福利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，花大力(li)氣改(gai)善員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)境和生(sheng)活(huo)條(tiao)件。應(ying)(ying)當(dang)將(jiang)以人(ren)為本(ben)，關(guan)(guan)(guan)愛員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)精神融入到(dao)(dao)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中，例(li)如加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)礦(kuang)(kuang)容礦(kuang)(kuang)貌，從(cong)(cong)地(di)面(mian)到(dao)(dao)井(jing)下，從(cong)(cong)環(huan)境到(dao)(dao)設施(shi)，從(cong)(cong)馬路到(dao)(dao)宿舍(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)改(gai)造。對(dui)井(jing)下巷道燈(deng)光(guang)通明(ming)(ming)，各種安(an)全(quan)(quan)保護(hu)裝(zhuang)備要配備齊全(quan)(quan)，努力(li)打造安(an)全(quan)(quan)舒(shu)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)境。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宿舍(she)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)旅館(guan)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，定期(qi)安(an)排(pai)專人(ren)負責打掃宿舍(she)衛生(sheng)、為員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)更換生(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)品以及安(an)全(quan)(quan)執勤等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。

目(mu)(mu)前各(ge)(ge)個(ge)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)術流(liu)派對(dui)(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定義不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，但不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)否認的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)組(zu)織(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)通過別人(ren)(ren)或同別人(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起使(shi)(shi)(shi)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)完(wan)成(cheng)得(de)(de)(de)更(geng)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)過程(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)現在(zai)(zai)計劃、組(zu)織(zhi)、領導和(he)控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本職(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)。我們可(ke)以從(cong)(cong)(cong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)看出，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)開員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與(yu)(yu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)(suo)維護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)威也(ye)只是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)使(shi)(shi)(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)服從(cong)(cong)(cong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)更(geng)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)完(wan)成(cheng)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)措(cuo)(cuo)施。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)根(gen)本上講，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)與(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)維護(hu)和(he)樹立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)威才和(he)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)與(yu)(yu)相(xiang)互(hu)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)應(ying)當(dang)從(cong)(cong)(cong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本意出發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，采取新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)措(cuo)(cuo)施，建(jian)立(li)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，來(lai)消(xiao)除管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)威與(yu)(yu)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)與(yu)(yu)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)給和(he)諧勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諸(zhu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)消(xiao)極(ji)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。樹立(li)以人(ren)(ren)為(wei)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念。在(zai)(zai)傳(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤炭(tan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)把(ba)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)當(dang)做生產成(cheng)本，因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)降低人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本，制定了(le)(le)(le)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)規章制度(du)(du)來(lai)約(yue)束員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，把(ba)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)等同于(yu)機(ji)器，使(shi)(shi)(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)完(wan)全(quan)(quan)處于(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)被(bei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)從(cong)(cong)(cong)屬(shu)地位(wei)。部(bu)分管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)忽視了(le)(le)(le)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求和(he)想法(fa)，采取簡單粗暴是(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)。而(er)以人(ren)(ren)為(wei)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，卻(que)把(ba)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)當(dang)成(cheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)資(zi)(zi)源來(lai)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)堅(jian)持把(ba)人(ren)(ren)放在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)位(wei)置，從(cong)(cong)(cong)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求出發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)(cong)制度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求出發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，在(zai)(zai)日常(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)把(ba)”以人(ren)(ren)為(wei)本”作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念，指導管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)制決策(ce)、定措(cuo)(cuo)施，并(bing)把(ba)該理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念落實到具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)。健全(quan)(quan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)解(jie)(jie)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)，加(jia)大(da)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)力(li)度(du)(du)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)解(jie)(jie)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)是(shi)(shi)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)和(he)諧勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)載(zai)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，是(shi)(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，更(geng)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)本化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)現。它對(dui)(dui)(dui)生活(huo)(huo)生產中(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞直接影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)著拉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧與(yu)(yu)否。在(zai)(zai)國有(you)(you)(you)煤炭(tan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)參(can)與(yu)(yu)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)組(zu)織(zhi)是(shi)(shi)聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)梁和(he)紐帶，工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介(jie)入，使(shi)(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)資(zi)(zi)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)有(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)平等對(dui)(dui)(dui)話的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎，使(shi)(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)資(zi)(zi)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)溝通渠道(dao)變(bian)(bian)得(de)(de)(de)更(geng)加(jia)暢(chang)通，雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)讓步和(he)妥協中(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)解(jie)(jie)、緩(huan)和(he)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)，較為(wei)容(rong)易(yi)取得(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)資(zi)(zi)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共識和(he)反響(xiang)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)把(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)健全(quan)(quan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)解(jie)(jie)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)分，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)充分發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)(hui)其在(zai)(zai)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)立(li)和(he)諧勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)完(wan)善(shan)、運(yun)行(xing)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)組(zu)織(zhi)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)通過在(zai)(zai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)簽訂(ding)集體(ti)(ti)(ti)合(he)同等形(xing)式(shi)(shi)，構(gou)(gou)建(jian)新(xin)型(xing)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)“契約(yue)”，使(shi)(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)通過平等協商，使(shi)(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)資(zi)(zi)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)按(an)照集體(ti)(ti)(ti)合(he)同規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)權(quan)利和(he)義務，履(lv)行(xing)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)達到建(jian)立(li)和(he)諧勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)健全(quan)(quan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)解(jie)(jie)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)必(bi)須建(jian)立(li)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)制。煤炭(tan)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)屬(shu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密集型(xing)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，引(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)多(duo)(duo)(duo)，具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)多(duo)(duo)(duo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)特點。許(xu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)小矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)、小爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)沒有(you)(you)(you)得(de)(de)(de)到及時、妥善(shan)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，導致(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升級(ji)，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)較大(da)規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)沖突。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)必(bi)須按(an)照“預防為(wei)主、調(diao)解(jie)(jie)為(wei)主、基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)為(wei)主”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)針(zhen)。重(zhong)點要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)提高基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)質。使(shi)(shi)(shi)他們能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)樹立(li)為(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)排(pai)憂(you)解(jie)(jie)難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高度(du)(du)負責(ze)人(ren)(ren)意識，具(ju)備及時發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現和(he)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)尚處于(yu)萌(meng)芽狀態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)得(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，避免大(da)規模(mo)群(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)性(xing)事(shi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生，避免勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)擴散(san)到企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)外而(er)使(shi)(shi)(shi)問題復雜化(hua)。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協調(diao)性(xing)，積極(ji)消(xiao)除不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)諧因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協調(diao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)性(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)體(ti)(ti)(ti)現了(le)(le)(le)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制功能(neng)(neng)，有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協調(diao)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)按(an)照正確(que)(que)軌道(dao)運(yun)行(xing)并(bing)及早達到目(mu)(mu)標(biao)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，在(zai)(zai)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)和(he)諧勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)必(bi)須加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)協調(diao)性(xing)，所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)協調(diao)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宗旨就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)“得(de)(de)(de)民(min)心(xin)”。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)紀(ji)委監察部(bu)門(men)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)大(da)違紀(ji)查處力(li)度(du)(du)，糾正不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正之(zhi)風(feng)；作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)部(bu)門(men)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)積極(ji)做好(hao)正面(mian)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，宣傳(chuan)(chuan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)前景，贊頌那(nei)些為(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)做出杰出貢獻(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優秀員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，另外還需(xu)通過相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)媒(mei)介(jie)，加(jia)大(da)各(ge)(ge)項政策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)力(li)度(du)(du)，力(li)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)使(shi)(shi)(shi)每位(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)都(dou)能(neng)(neng)及時全(quan)(quan)面(mian)準確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)解(jie)(jie)所(suo)(suo)需(xu)信息，確(que)(que)保員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知情(qing)(qing)權(quan)；作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)政工(gong)(gong)(gong)部(bu)門(men)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)充分發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)(hui)思(si)想政治工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)優勢，加(jia)大(da)感情(qing)(qing)投資(zi)(zi)，以心(xin)換心(xin)。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)生活(huo)(huo)后勤部(bu)門(men)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)服務和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，根(gen)據員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，提供優質高效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)性(xing)化(hua)服務。總(zong)之(zhi)，只有(you)(you)(you)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)各(ge)(ge)部(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通力(li)協作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)(hui)各(ge)(ge)自的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用，努力(li)營造親和(he)力(li)，才能(neng)(neng)“得(de)(de)(de)民(min)心(xin)”進(jin)而(er)得(de)(de)(de)到和(he)諧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，正如前面(mian)提到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)樣(yang)———兩(liang)種(zhong)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，在(zai)(zai)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)和(he)諧勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)認真關(guan)(guan)(guan)注和(he)研究(jiu)兩(liang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)，積極(ji)做好(hao)解(jie)(jie)決矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準備。在(zai)(zai)堅(jian)持“兩(liang)點論與(yu)(yu)重(zhong)點論相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則下，根(gen)據實際情(qing)(qing)況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)主次矛(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)，有(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)點有(you)(you)(you)步驟(zou)開展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。

本文(wen)作者：孫建工作單位：皖北(bei)煤電集團公(gong)司朱集西礦

一、勞資關系現狀

開(kai)利(li)空調銷(xiao)售(shou)服務(wu)（上海(hai)）有(you)(you)限公(gong)司初期的(de)(de)(de)(de)股(gu)份(fen)比(bi)例是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)49%，外(wai)方(fang)(fang)51%，由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)全面經營(ying)和(he)(he)管理(li)(li)(li)，上世紀90年(nian)代(dai)，公(gong)司發展(zhan)迅猛，公(gong)司員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)收入在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)是令人(ren)羨慕的(de)(de)(de)(de)。2000年(nian)外(wai)方(fang)(fang)開(kai)始不斷(duan)增(zeng)資(zi)(zi)擴股(gu)，至今已經成為(wei)外(wai)方(fang)(fang)絕對控股(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)資(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)，雖(sui)然每年(nian)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)小幅增(zeng)長，但在(zai)(zai)整個行業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尤(you)其是一(yi)(yi)(yi)線員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)水(shui)平已經沒有(you)(you)競爭優勢，這(zhe)和(he)(he)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)念有(you)(you)很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系。公(gong)司比(bi)較注重(zhong)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術、管理(li)(li)(li)等核心人(ren)員(yuan)，而(er)(er)(er)不重(zhong)視(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)線員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)。并且中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)市場(chang)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)力供大(da)于(yu)(yu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況導致企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)不重(zhong)視(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)線員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)。這(zhe)些員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)收入和(he)(he)福利(li)現在(zai)(zai)已經比(bi)不上國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)說，國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)作相對穩定，工(gong)(gong)作環境(jing)相對寬松，不會輕易(yi)被(bei)解(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同，而(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)外(wai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)隨(sui)時(shi)都有(you)(you)可能(neng)被(bei)解(jie)除或終(zhong)止勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同。這(zhe)就(jiu)是為(wei)什么這(zhe)些年(nian)來勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)爭議案件多發于(yu)(yu)外(wai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)民(min)(min)企(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)因之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)做滿意度(du)(du)測評時(shi)，員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)對企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)兩方(fang)(fang)面不滿意：一(yi)(yi)(yi)是薪資(zi)(zi)福利(li)不滿，二是員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不被(bei)尊重(zhong)。外(wai)方(fang)(fang)掌握了公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)經營(ying)管理(li)(li)(li)權以后，明(ming)顯感覺西方(fang)(fang)管理(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)念和(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)式在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)“水(shui)土不服”，文化差(cha)異較大(da)。例如：企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)都要遵循(xun)美國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商業(ye)(ye)道德規范和(he)(he)反(fan)壟斷(duan)法，簡稱（BPO）。凡是有(you)(you)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)違反(fan)公(gong)司BPO政策，按(an)照公(gong)司規章制度(du)(du)都將被(bei)解(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同，而(er)(er)(er)且不予(yu)賠(pei)償(chang)，這(zhe)和(he)(he)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)和(he)(he)國(guo)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)法》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)關于(yu)(yu)解(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)條款不相符合(he)(he)而(er)(er)(er)引發勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)爭議。多年(nian)來雖(sui)然最終(zhong)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)通過法律途徑最終(zhong)拿(na)到賠(pei)償(chang)金，但公(gong)司還是堅(jian)持這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)做法。所以勞(lao)(lao)資(zi)(zi)關系一(yi)(yi)(yi)直非常緊張。

二(er)、勞資矛盾(dun)產生原因

外資企業勞動(dong)關系(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)典(dian)型的(de)市(shi)場化勞動(dong)關系(xi)(xi)，市(shi)場化的(de)勞動(dong)關系(xi)(xi)的(de)實(shi)質(zhi)就是(shi)(shi)勞動(dong)關系(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)雇(gu)(gu)傭關系(xi)(xi)，雇(gu)(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)追求的(de)是(shi)(shi)利潤最(zui)大化，員(yuan)工追求的(de)是(shi)(shi)工資福利最(zui)大化，從(cong)而存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著必然的(de)矛(mao)盾。雇(gu)(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)希望利用盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)少的(de)成本獲(huo)得盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)多(duo)的(de)收益，由(you)于(yu)(yu)勞動(dong)力市(shi)場供大于(yu)(yu)求，員(yuan)工處于(yu)(yu)一種劣勢地位，由(you)此這種對立關系(xi)(xi)在(zai)(zai)勞動(dong)關系(xi)(xi)中表現明顯。

1.勞(lao)動(dong)報酬及福利引發(fa)的矛盾。

勞(lao)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)關(guan)系受到(dao)諸(zhu)多因素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，其中，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)最(zui)為(wei)敏感和關(guan)鍵(jian)因素(su)，滯后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)長水平成為(wei)阻(zu)礙和諧勞(lao)動關(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要因素(su)。開利(li)空(kong)調(diao)銷售公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對勞(lao)動報酬(chou)不滿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)比(bi)較(jiao)嚴重。公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)合(he)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)初期，中外合(he)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)普(pu)(pu)遍(bian)比(bi)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)高，一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)是(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)了(le)(le)要吸引勞(lao)動力，另一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)是(shi)(shi)外資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代進入我國(guo)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在中國(guo)都是(shi)(shi)屬于新(xin)興行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，在當(dang)時(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)效益好，利(li)潤高，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)收入普(pu)(pu)遍(bian)比(bi)較(jiao)高。這(zhe)(zhe)些年(nian)(nian)(nian)來員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)普(pu)(pu)遍(bian)感覺工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)低(di)，雖然公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)平均8%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)幅，但是(shi)(shi)有(you)些員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因為(wei)基數低(di)，由于通脹等原因，給員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)增(zeng)加了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，也還無(wu)法(fa)讓員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)感到(dao)滿意。隨著國(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體制改革，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)水平有(you)大幅提升(sheng)，外資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢已(yi)經(jing)不明顯，尤其是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)線工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優越已(yi)經(jing)蕩然無(wu)存。新(xin)進公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)按(an)照市場價(jia)聘(pin)(pin)用(yong)，老(lao)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)很(hen)(hen)多還沒有(you)新(xin)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高，因此，這(zhe)(zhe)些年(nian)(nian)(nian)老(lao)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)抱怨很(hen)(hen)多，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至(zhi)為(wei)了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)問題和主管或人事(shi)部(bu)爭吵，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作積(ji)極性(xing)大大降低(di)。2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)開利(li)廣州維修(xiu)部(bu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)集(ji)體寫了(le)(le)訴(su)求(qiu)函，要求(qiu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)舉動波及到(dao)全國(guo)各地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，部(bu)分地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)甚至(zhi)出現(xian)消極怠工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)事(shi)件嚴重影響了(le)(le)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，管理(li)層(ceng)派人事(shi)部(bu)經(jing)理(li)去廣州協(xie)調(diao)未果(guo)，請(qing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會出面(mian)協(xie)調(diao)，最(zui)終(zhong)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)為(wei)所有(you)維修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)普(pu)(pu)加了(le)(le)30%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，才平息了(le)(le)這(zhe)(zhe)場風波。2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)，在企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)調(diao)整中，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)將(jiang)9名臨聘(pin)(pin)合(he)同未到(dao)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進行(xing)協(xie)商解除勞(lao)動合(he)同，但她們提出公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)自(zi)2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)今沒有(you)按(an)實際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)繳納(na)社保(bao)，而是(shi)(shi)按(an)當(dang)地(di)最(zui)低(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)繳納(na)，要求(qiu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)補繳。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會幾經(jing)協(xie)商，妥善協(xie)調(diao)了(le)(le)這(zhe)(zhe)9名員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社保(bao)福利(li)問題。