導語(yu)：食品抽樣在(zai)食品監督(du)的重要地(di)位一(yi)文來源于網友(you)上傳，不代表本(ben)站觀點，若需要原創文章可咨詢客服老師，歡迎(ying)參(can)考。

隨著人們對身體健康的關注程度的不斷提升，對食品需求也不僅僅滿足于溫飽水平上，而是將對食品的要求逐漸轉變成對食品質量的關注上。現階段，很多的媒體都曝光過不合格食品問題，其中，影響最大的是中央電視臺通過315晚會曝光的一些食品問題。為能夠有效保障人民健康，讓廣大人民群眾都能吃上放心食品，國家食品監督管理機構就要不斷提高食品監督意識和方法，從而使食品監督能夠貫徹落實。在目前的食品監督中，食品抽樣檢驗方法是比較有效和重要的一種監督管理途徑。通過科學合理的食品抽樣，能夠將大量的食品檢驗工作高效率、高質量的完成。如果食品抽樣方式不健全，將直接影響食品檢驗結果，從而導致食品監督管(guan)(guan)理無法有效進行。食(shi)品監(jian)督工作承擔著重大的(de)社會(hui)責任(ren)，因此相關(guan)監(jian)督管(guan)(guan)理人員要(yao)加強管(guan)(guan)理，嚴格執行食(shi)品抽樣(yang)流程和要(yao)求，從而保證我國食(shi)品領域的(de)健康有序發展。

1食品抽樣(yang)檢驗的含義

食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)抽(chou)(chou)樣(yang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)是通過(guo)(guo)科學合(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數學抽(chou)(chou)樣(yang)方法，將不(bu)同類型、不(bu)同數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)進行(xing)有(you)選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)取(qu)和(he)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)過(guo)(guo)程。由于食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)極其巨大(da)，使得對(dui)(dui)每(mei)個(ge)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)都進行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)是無法實現的(de)(de)(de)(de)，而(er)合(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)(chou)樣(yang)則(ze)可(ke)以在保證檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)覆蓋性的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下，極大(da)降(jiang)低(di)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)抽(chou)(chou)樣(yang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)是通過(guo)(guo)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)指標進行(xing)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)外(wai)包裝兩方面(mian)進行(xing)判(pan)斷(duan)[1]。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要是通過(guo)(guo)抽(chou)(chou)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各項質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)標準是否達到(dao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)要求，從而(er)推(tui)斷(duan)該批產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)水平。而(er)對(dui)(dui)于食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)包裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)(chou)樣(yang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)，主(zhu)要是對(dui)(dui)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)包裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)日(ri)期、廠址廠名、原料配(pei)料、產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)標號等(deng)相關(guan)信息進行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)，從而(er)保證食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用者能夠(gou)熟知食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)相關(guan)信息。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)抽(chou)(chou)樣(yang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)是現代化食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監督管理(li)(li)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要內容，在我國(guo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)管理(li)(li)中占有(you)非常重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位。通過(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)抽(chou)(chou)樣(yang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)規范化管理(li)(li)，能夠(gou)極大(da)提(ti)高我國(guo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)抽(chou)(chou)樣(yang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效性。

2食品監督管理工作的重要(yao)性(xing)

俗話說“民以食(shi)(shi)為(wei)天”，在(zai)任何一個國(guo)(guo)家、任何一個時期，食(shi)(shi)品(pin)始終是人(ren)們(men)賴以生(sheng)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵。隨著人(ren)們(men)生(sheng)活(huo)水平的(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)提高，食(shi)(shi)品(pin)安(an)全與質量已經成(cheng)為(wei)影響(xiang)人(ren)民群(qun)(qun)眾生(sheng)活(huo)滿(man)意度的(de)(de)(de)直接因(yin)素(su)，這(zhe)也為(wei)我國(guo)(guo)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)管理(li)(li)(li)工作提出(chu)了(le)(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)要求。只有(you)切實有(you)效(xiao)落實食(shi)(shi)品(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)管理(li)(li)(li)，才能夠保(bao)證國(guo)(guo)民生(sheng)活(huo)質量與健康(kang)，因(yin)此，國(guo)(guo)家出(chu)臺了(le)(le)一系列食(shi)(shi)品(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)管理(li)(li)(li)條例，不斷(duan)優(you)化和(he)完善(shan)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)管理(li)(li)(li)體系，其(qi)核心都是體現了(le)(le)黨和(he)政府以人(ren)為(wei)本的(de)(de)(de)工作重(zhong)心，將人(ren)民群(qun)(qun)眾的(de)(de)(de)健康(kang)放在(zai)社會發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要位(wei)置[2]。中央(yang)電視(shi)(shi)臺作為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家輿(yu)論導(dao)向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)前沿(yan)，已經在(zai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)方(fang)面做出(chu)了(le)(le)表(biao)率(lv)，通過(guo)315晚會及日常(chang)新(xin)聞，對(dui)目前存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)安(an)全問題進行了(le)(le)深層次的(de)(de)(de)曝光。通過(guo)這(zhe)樣一種政府監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)與社會監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)并存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式，極(ji)大提高了(le)(le)我國(guo)(guo)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)效(xiao)果，也提升了(le)(le)人(ren)民群(qun)(qun)眾對(dui)于食(shi)(shi)品(pin)安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)(shi)程(cheng)度。

3目(mu)前(qian)食品行業存在的問題

3.1食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)添加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)過(guo)(guo)量(liang)問題。由(you)(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)添加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)定量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)添加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)，從(cong)而(er)(er)增強食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)質(zhi)期限以及(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)味道(dao)和色澤。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)添加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準范圍內使(shi)(shi)用(yong)不會(hui)對身體(ti)(ti)健(jian)康造成(cheng)(cheng)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，但是如果過(guo)(guo)量(liang)添加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，將會(hui)給(gei)人(ren)民群眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身體(ti)(ti)帶來(lai)極(ji)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康隱患。目前一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)，為了(le)(le)牟(mou)取(qu)暴利，在(zai)(zai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)量(liang)添加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)添加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)，極(ji)大(da)(da)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)了(le)(le)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全性[3]。例如，一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)辣(la)條(tiao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)，為了(le)(le)能(neng)夠使(shi)(shi)辣(la)條(tiao)看起來(lai)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)紅(hong)潤，口(kou)感更(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)麻(ma)辣(la)，在(zai)(zai)辣(la)條(tiao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)大(da)(da)量(liang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)蘇丹紅(hong)等(deng)添加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)，從(cong)而(er)(er)給(gei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身體(ti)(ti)帶來(lai)了(le)(le)極(ji)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不利影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。3.2食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)狀況(kuang)不良。由(you)(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)我國很(hen)多食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)資質(zhi)不健(jian)全或者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)對食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)狀況(kuang)管理不到(dao)位，導(dao)致了(le)(le)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節容易受到(dao)細菌和臟污物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，從(cong)而(er)(er)降低食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)情況(kuang)，給(gei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)帶來(lai)健(jian)康隱患[4]。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)由(you)(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)其食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)需(xu)求，對衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求較(jiao)高，在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)配備專業(ye)消毒服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)用(yong)具(ju)等(deng)。但很(hen)多食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)對于(yu)(yu)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)投入(ru)較(jiao)少，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)人(ren)員(yuan)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)沒有更(geng)換專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)等(deng)，從(cong)而(er)(er)導(dao)致食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)情況(kuang)無(wu)法保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)。3.3食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)信息(xi)不真實。國家(jia)對食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)示信息(xi)有著明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定，如食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)上(shang)必須(xu)清晰印(yin)制(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)日期，保(bao)(bao)質(zhi)期、廠(chang)址、成(cheng)(cheng)分以及(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)許可證(zheng)號等(deng)，從(cong)而(er)(er)能(neng)夠保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)情權。但一(yi)(yi)些食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)廠(chang)家(jia)為提高銷售量(liang)，在(zai)(zai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)上(shang)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)些虛假的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功效宣傳，從(cong)而(er)(er)造成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)對使(shi)(shi)用(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤導(dao)[5]。另外，一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)只重視外包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)華美，不重視外包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)信息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴謹性，導(dao)致一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)信息(xi)缺失，例如，沒有必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)成(cheng)(cheng)分等(deng)信息(xi)，從(cong)而(er)(er)使(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)些對食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有著特殊限制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)群無(wu)法有效選(xuan)擇，如糖(tang)尿(niao)病患者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)法判(pan)斷食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)是否(fou)含糖(tang)等(deng)，從(cong)而(er)(er)給(gei)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)體(ti)(ti)驗造成(cheng)(cheng)不利影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。

4食品抽樣檢(jian)驗的步驟(zou)

4.1制定(ding)科(ke)學詳細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)計劃。食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)檢測(ce)是一項具有(you)較高技術要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)運用數(shu)學統計方(fang)(fang)法(fa)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)處理。因此，在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)前(qian)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)制定(ding)科(ke)學完備的(de)(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)計劃，結(jie)合我國對(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)同食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求標準，有(you)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)定(ding)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)數(shu)量以及抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)等，從而保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)在(zai)(zai)實踐抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)環節中(zhong)，能夠(gou)有(you)詳細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)指導，避(bi)免抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)隨意性(xing)[6]。在(zai)(zai)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)計劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)制定(ding)中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)數(shu)量和方(fang)(fang)法(fa)能夠(gou)滿(man)足(zu)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)檢測(ce)中(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于數(shu)據普遍性(xing)和精確(que)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，從而能夠(gou)實現抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)檢驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效性(xing)。4.2進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)現場(chang)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。在(zai)(zai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)督(du)管理中(zhong)，為保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)實性(xing)，要(yao)(yao)做到嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現場(chang)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)督(du)管理部門要(yao)(yao)委派專(zhuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)到食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產現場(chang)直接取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，并(bing)且要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)數(shu)滿(man)足(zu)至少兩人(ren)(ren)(ren)。這(zhe)種對(dui)(dui)(dui)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，能夠(gou)最大程(cheng)度地減(jian)低人(ren)(ren)(ren)為因素造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)虛假問題[7]。抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)前(qian)，要(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)和相關注意事項進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)學習(xi)，并(bing)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)按照食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)政策和流程(cheng)親自進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)操作。在(zai)(zai)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)現場(chang)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，包括(kuo)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容，都需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)被抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)單(dan)位進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)保(bao)(bao)密，從而保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)正性(xing)。

5保障食(shi)品監督和食(shi)品抽樣檢驗工作順(shun)利開(kai)展的措施

5.1提(ti)高食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)(he)(he)素質。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)(he)(he)素質，直(zhi)接影響(xiang)著食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)抽(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)以(yi)及(ji)日(ri)常監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)果。國家相關部(bu)(bu)門(men)要(yao)將食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓納入到(dao)日(ri)常管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)，培(pei)(pei)訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式可以(yi)是(shi)聘請食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專家進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)現(xian)場授課，或者采(cai)用組織座談會(hui)、研討會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式。培(pei)(pei)訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容要(yao)根(gen)(gen)據我(wo)國國情(qing)(qing)涵蓋(gai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)政(zheng)策法(fa)規、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職業道(dao)(dao)德(de)教育、食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗知(zhi)識和方法(fa)等(deng)，從(cong)(cong)而(er)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)從(cong)(cong)多方面(mian)加強我(wo)國食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)隊伍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)(he)(he)素質。5.2完善(shan)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信息公(gong)開平臺(tai)(tai)(tai)建(jian)(jian)設(she)。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信息公(gong)開平臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)極大提(ti)高我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)質量(liang)。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)不斷完善(shan)信息公(gong)開平臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)，能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)幫助群眾及(ji)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、詳(xiang)細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了解(jie)(jie)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)情(qing)(qing)況，并通(tong)過(guo)(guo)在(zai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信息公(gong)開平臺(tai)(tai)(tai)中(zhong)(zhong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)抽(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗報告，也(ye)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)使(shi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)工作(zuo)被(bei)更多人(ren)信服，從(cong)(cong)而(er)在(zai)日(ri)常生活中(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)積極配合(he)(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)。在(zai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)信息平臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)優化和完善(shan)群眾意見反饋以(yi)及(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)舉報等(deng)渠道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，從(cong)(cong)而(er)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)在(zai)群眾與監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)門(men)之間(jian)建(jian)(jian)起緊密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系，幫助食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)門(men)更好(hao)地執行(xing)(xing)(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)工作(zuo)。5.3對(dui)重點食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)問題(ti)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)專項檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)與安(an)全(quan)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)往(wang)往(wang)具有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)，因此，為有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)抽(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)工作(zuo)，需(xu)要(yao)在(zai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)配合(he)(he)(he)專項食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)對(dui)一定(ding)階段中(zhong)(zhong)比較嚴(yan)重和易發性(xing)(xing)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)問題(ti)，組織專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)力進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)突進(jin)(jin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)，并根(gen)(gen)據食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，采(cai)用有(you)針對(dui)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗方法(fa)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗，從(cong)(cong)而(er)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)找(zhao)出(chu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)問題(ti)發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)(gen)源，從(cong)(cong)而(er)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)解(jie)(jie)決。例如(ru)，針對(dui)目前零食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生產企業普遍對(dui)蘇(su)丹紅(hong)等(deng)著色(se)性(xing)(xing)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)添(tian)加劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)量(liang)使(shi)用問題(ti)，需(xu)要(yao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)門(men)對(dui)零食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生產及(ji)銷售等(deng)環節進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)綜合(he)(he)(he)治理(li)(li)，并根(gen)(gen)據蘇(su)丹紅(hong)等(deng)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)添(tian)加劑對(dui)人(ren)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害，制定(ding)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗標準，并綜合(he)(he)(he)國內外先進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗方法(fa)和手段，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)針對(dui)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗調查(cha)(cha)，從(cong)(cong)而(er)保證我(wo)國食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)發展。

6結束語

食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)抽樣(yang)檢(jian)驗(yan)的效果是(shi)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)監(jian)督(du)管理(li)工作的基礎，因(yin)此，在日常的食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)監(jian)督(du)管理(li)中要重視(shi)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)抽樣(yang)檢(jian)驗(yan)的積極作用。為實現對廣大人民群(qun)眾身體健康的保障，食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)監(jian)管機構要不斷提(ti)高(gao)監(jian)管人員(yuan)的綜合(he)素質，并積極建設和(he)完善食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)安全(quan)信息公開平(ping)臺(tai)，使群(qun)眾能(neng)夠通過食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)信息平(ping)臺(tai)了解我國食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)狀況。對于(yu)社會中重點(dian)的食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)問題(ti)，要進(jin)行專門檢(jian)查，從而提(ti)高(gao)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)監(jian)督(du)的有效性。

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作者:林彬 單位:南安市(shi)市(shi)場監督(du)執法大隊