導(dao)語：UPS電源系統(tong)設計和應用(yong)一文來源于網(wang)友上傳，不代表本站觀(guan)點，若需要原創文章可咨(zi)詢客服(fu)老師，歡迎(ying)參考。

【摘要】廣播電視傳輸發射機房ups電源系(xi)統，能否實現安全穩(wen)定的(de)運行，直接影響(xiang)著廣播(bo)(bo)電視傳輸發射機房(fang)播(bo)(bo)放的(de)質(zhi)量。而如何提高(gao)其設計(ji)質(zhi)量，成(cheng)為當前該領域共同關注的(de)問題。本文對UPS電源系(xi)統的(de)設計(ji)作(zuo)出了(le)深入探討，最后對廣播(bo)(bo)電視傳輸發射機房(fang)UPS的(de)使用與維護進行了(le)綜合(he)論述。

【關鍵詞】廣播電視；傳輸發(fa)射機房(fang)；UPS電源(yuan)系統；設計與應用

1UPS電源

UPS不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，主要(yao)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)220V或(huo)者380V。因此(ci)(ci)(ci)，在(zai)實(shi)際的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)出現(xian)變(bian)化(hua)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，為(wei)了(le)保(bao)證設備能夠穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)運行(xing)(xing)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時UPS電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)可在(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)繼(ji)續(xu)(xu)維(wei)持供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。而(er)后(hou)備式UPS為(wei)單(dan)變(bian)換型(xing)UPS電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，在(zai)實(shi)際的(de)應用過程中(zhong)，其逆變(bian)器(qi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)下(xia)(xia)，處(chu)于(yu)非(fei)正常工作狀態。外(wai)(wai)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)要(yao)想持續(xu)(xu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，就需要(yao)借(jie)助交(jiao)流(liu)旁線路進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)外(wai)(wai)，后(hou)備式不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)質量(liang)較差，一旦電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)相應的(de)變(bian)化(hua)，其輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)會隨之發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)化(hua)，難以對外(wai)(wai)界的(de)電(dian)(dian)網進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)有效的(de)隔離。在(zai)線式不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)為(wei)雙變(bian)型(xing)，外(wai)(wai)電(dian)(dian)正常蓄電(dian)(dian)池組進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)自動充電(dian)(dian)，同時借(jie)助逆變(bian)器(qi)為(wei)設備提供(gong)持續(xu)(xu)的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，以此(ci)(ci)(ci)來保(bao)證設備穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)運行(xing)(xing)。由(you)于(yu)在(zai)線式不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)逆變(bian)器(qi)能夠始終保(bao)持著穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)運行(xing)(xing)狀態，致使其更好地對外(wai)(wai)界干擾(rao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)消(xiao)除，通過當(dang)前這(zhe)種(zhong)方式，成功地實(shi)現(xian)了(le)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)質量(liang)。

2UPS電源系統的設(she)計

2.1設計要求。在設計發射機房UPS系統時，設計者要樹立正確的設計意識，嚴格執行其相關設計標準，提高UPS設計的合理性。尤其在市電接入電源設計過程中，相關設計者必須結合實際情況，參照相關實施細則，以此來保證其設計符合實際標準。如若設計中選用1路專線，形成獨立的低壓回路。基于當前這種情況下，為了保證設計的合理性，此時要設計1臺柴油發動機，選用低回路。此外，要想UPS電源的精度得到基本保障，則盡可能地選擇Ⅲ類輸入電壓。一般情況下，UPS放電能力要達到1h以上，當外部電源中斷后，UPS電源能夠為相關設備提供足夠的電能支持，以此來保證設備工作時間持續1h以上，確保設備處于穩定的運行狀態。2.2設計方案。（1）電容量設計：廣播電視傳輸發射機房在接收和發射數據時，大致分為三個部分內容：①FM廣播發射設備與微波信號接收設備；②電視發射設備；③日常使用設備。根據每一個負載的額定功率，并將其進行累加，以此來計算出總的功率。基于部分設備來講，要想得到其額定系數，則需要啟動其電流的數值方可實現。并根據每一部分的負載總量，對UPS容量進行計算：CUPS=Cload/0.75，在此公式中，Cups為UPS容量（kVA）；Cload為負載容量（kVA）是UPS額定容量的75%。一般情況下，而蓄電池組放電量的80％為其使用壽命。此時需要對負載容量的單位進行換算，把kW換成kVA。而啟動設備過程中，一般會受到沖擊電流。此時系統的負載率將達到75％左右。如果超過75％的情況下，則表明系統會獲得較高的系統效率。因此在實際的設計過程中，根據實際設計要求及上述的情況，需要3路UPS進行供電設置。（2）UPS供配電系統設計：在(zai)(zai)實際(ji)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過程中，無論(lun)是高壓供(gong)電(dian)(dian)、還是低壓供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，都必(bi)須嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行其(qi)(qi)(qi)行業標準，按照(zhao)(zhao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)基本(ben)規范開展相(xiang)關設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)。尤(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)二級播出負荷設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過程中，根(gen)據實際(ji)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)兩(liang)個以(yi)上獨(du)立低壓回路(lu)，同時(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)具(ju)備(bei)手動、或者自動互投功能。對于電(dian)(dian)視發(fa)射(she)(she)臺的(de)(de)發(fa)射(she)(she)控制裝備(bei)、以(yi)及信號(hao)源設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)而言，為(wei)了能夠(gou)達到(dao)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)高效性，盡(jin)可能地(di)選(xuan)擇不間(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)源供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。與(yu)此同時(shi)，根(gen)據設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)負荷的(de)(de)工作(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)標準，將UPS電(dian)(dian)池組后備(bei)時(shi)間(jian)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)30min以(yi)上，使(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)達到(dao)相(xiang)關設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)標準要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。2.3接(jie)地(di)防雷(lei)。廣(guang)播電(dian)(dian)視傳輸發(fa)射(she)(she)機(ji)房所在(zai)(zai)區(qu)域一般地(di)質較(jiao)為(wei)復雜，多為(wei)山區(qu)地(di)帶。尤(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)近些年(nian)來(lai)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)射(she)(she)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)，尤(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)供(gong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統受到(dao)雷(lei)擊危害較(jiao)為(wei)嚴(yan)重(zhong)。為(wei)了能夠(gou)更好(hao)地(di)保(bao)護這些設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)，則(ze)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)結(jie)合實際(ji)情(qing)況，就要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做好(hao)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)避雷(lei)措(cuo)施。集中體(ti)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)以(yi)下內(nei)容：在(zai)(zai)廣(guang)播電(dian)(dian)視系(xi)(xi)統當中，接(jie)地(di)防雷(lei)系(xi)(xi)統作(zuo)為(wei)關鍵(jian)部分，因此要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)給予接(jie)地(di)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)重(zhong)視，尤(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)具(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過程中，一旦因設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)不當而引發(fa)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)問題，例如接(jie)地(di)不良(liang)、發(fa)生(sheng)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)現(xian)象等，都將會影響(xiang)著發(fa)射(she)(she)機(ji)房的(de)(de)安全。甚至嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)情(qing)況下，會引發(fa)不必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)安全事故。因此，相(xiang)關設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)人員(yuan)必(bi)須提(ti)高設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)意(yi)識，嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)(zhao)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)標準展開設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，重(zhong)點把(ba)控接(jie)地(di)防雷(lei)系(xi)(xi)統環節(jie)，保(bao)證(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)科(ke)學性與(yu)合理性。同時(shi)，還需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進行防雷(lei)接(jie)地(di)與(yu)兩(liang)套(tao)地(di)網(wang)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)。除(chu)此之外，必(bi)須保(bao)證(zheng)防雷(lei)接(jie)地(di)電(dian)(dian)阻、及電(dian)(dian)源接(jie)地(di)電(dian)(dian)阻不大于3Ω。此外，需將防浪涌設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)安裝在(zai)(zai)機(ji)房的(de)(de)UPS輸出配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)柜中，以(yi)此來(lai)保(bao)護其(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)關設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)。

3廣播電(dian)視(shi)傳輸發射機房UPS的使(shi)用與維護

對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)放(fang)(fang)而(er)言，其(qi)存(cun)放(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地點必(bi)(bi)須(xu)清潔(jie)和(he)干燥，以此(ci)(ci)來對(dui)(dui)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)進線保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)，避免外(wai)界灰塵UPS內(nei)部(bu)線路產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)腐蝕。與(yu)此(ci)(ci)同時(shi)(shi)，要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)位(wei)置安置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合理(li)性，不(bu)(bu)僅要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)被強光(guang)照射，而(er)且還(huan)要(yao)禁止一切輻射熱源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侵害，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)。此(ci)(ci)外(wai)，UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)受到(dao)(dao)環境(jing)因素影響(xiang)(xiang)極為明顯，并且這(zhe)種(zhong)影響(xiang)(xiang)程(cheng)度(du)(du)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較大(da)。如果(guo)內(nei)部(bu)環境(jing)溫度(du)(du)過高，將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)(hui)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)造成損壞(huai)，影響(xiang)(xiang)著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)。如果(guo)溫度(du)(du)過低(di)，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)會(hui)(hui)受到(dao)(dao)嚴重影響(xiang)(xiang)。基于(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)好內(nei)部(bu)環境(jing)溫度(du)(du)，盡可能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)將(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)25℃左(zuo)右(you)，而(er)當(dang)(dang)前這(zhe)種(zhong)問(wen)題(ti)是作(zuo)(zuo)為適宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)，不(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)對(dui)(dui)機械設備產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)。由于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)與(yu)存(cun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流存(cun)在(zai)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系，一旦存(cun)在(zai)過大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，則會(hui)(hui)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)嚴重影響(xiang)(xiang)。因此(ci)(ci)，在(zai)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)實際運行過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)正常(chang)運轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下，還(huan)需要(yao)做好相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)工作(zuo)(zuo)，避免發生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意外(wai)。例如，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流突(tu)然短(duan)路而(er)出(chu)現中(zhong)(zhong)斷等情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)。UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)作(zuo)(zuo)為一種(zhong)備用(yong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，當(dang)(dang)設備處(chu)于(yu)(yu)穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)著(zhu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，只(zhi)有出(chu)現停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下，UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)才能夠派上(shang)用(yong)場，為設備提供穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持(chi)續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。在(zai)具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，如若充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過高，那么(me)將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)(hui)出(chu)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)足。此(ci)(ci)外(wai)，UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)，在(zai)很大(da)程(cheng)度(du)(du)上(shang)受到(dao)(dao)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)(du)影響(xiang)(xiang)較為明顯。當(dang)(dang)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)(du)較深時(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)(hui)降低(di)循環使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)數。因此(ci)(ci)，在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)時(shi)(shi)，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)(du)，盡可能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)避免出(chu)現深度(du)(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)。UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)具(ju)有低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)功能，而(er)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)在(zai)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為10.5V時(shi)(shi)進行自動關機。如果(guo)UPS處(chu)于(yu)(yu)輕負載狀(zhuang)態(tai)，這(zhe)就會(hui)(hui)引發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)深度(du)(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

總而(er)言之，通過對廣播電(dian)視傳輸發(fa)射機房(fang)UPS的使用可(ke)發(fa)現，UPS電(dian)源極容易受到諸多方(fang)面的因(yin)素所影響，因(yin)此(ci)為了妥善解決其(qi)存在的問題(ti)，同時做好相應的維護(hu)工作。

4結束語

在(zai)廣(guang)播電(dian)視傳(chuan)輸發(fa)射(she)機房設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)過(guo)程中，能(neng)否保證UPS供電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)理性(xing)，不但(dan)有助于改善(shan)其(qi)供電(dian)質(zhi)量，而(er)且還能(neng)夠解決(jue)因停電(dian)造(zao)成的(de)(de)停播事(shi)故。因此(ci)在(zai)對廣(guang)播電(dian)視傳(chuan)輸發(fa)射(she)機房設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)時，必須提高對UPS供電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)重視程度，不斷(duan)提高其(qi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)質(zhi)量，提升系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)安(an)全穩(wen)定性(xing)，避免計(ji)(ji)算機存儲數(shu)據出現(xian)丟(diu)失(shi)的(de)(de)現(xian)象。此(ci)外，在(zai)保證設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)科學合(he)(he)理的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，還需要選擇合(he)(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)UPS電(dian)源，使其(qi)達到實際的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)標準，進而(er)保證廣(guang)播電(dian)視傳(chuan)輸發(fa)射(she)信號(hao)傳(chuan)輸的(de)(de)安(an)全性(xing)。

參考文獻

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作者:徐(xu)海林 張 磊 單(dan)位:連云港市廣(guang)播電視(shi)臺(tai)