導語：礦山生(sheng)活區規劃設計一文(wen)(wen)來源于網(wang)友(you)上傳，不代表本站觀點，若需要原(yuan)創文(wen)(wen)章可咨詢(xun)客服老師(shi)，歡迎(ying)參考。

摘要：瑞木鎳鈷項目礦山生活區地處山地環境，其基地自然環境特征，使規劃設計與(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計(ji)面臨機遇與(yu)(yu)挑戰。本方(fang)案充(chong)分利用(yong)(yong)自(zi)然環境(jing)的特征，保持、延續和拓展場地(di)(di)特點，確立了提升環境(jing)品質(zhi)、減少工程量、合理安(an)排(pai)各項功(gong)能的規劃(hua)目標。從而明確了規劃(hua)構(gou)思(si)：依(yi)山(shan)(shan)而開，以共(gong)享(xiang)向獨享(xiang)、喧鬧(nao)向安(an)靜漸變為原則組織功(gong)能布局結構(gou)；利用(yong)(yong)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)構(gou)序列化(hua)、尺度適宜的公(gong)共(gong)空間(jian)系統；保留山(shan)(shan)體原始地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)和植被形(xing)(xing)成綠色(se)開放空間(jian)；利用(yong)(yong)生活(huo)區(qu)交(jiao)通組織山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)排(pai)水，并(bing)形(xing)(xing)成生活(huo)區(qu)與(yu)(yu)外(wai)界自(zi)然環境(jing)的視線(xian)通廊。依(yi)據構(gou)思(si)采用(yong)(yong)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)規劃(hua)設(she)計(ji)策略生成具(ju)有豐富(fu)空間(jian)感受、功(gong)能合理的生活(huo)區(qu)，并(bing)且實現生活(huo)區(qu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)與(yu)(yu)環境(jing)的共(gong)融、共(gong)生。

關鍵詞：山(shan)地；礦山(shan)生(sheng)活(huo)區規劃；空間系統

0引言

瑞木(mu)礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)生活區是(shi)為(wei)(wei)在礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)中方(fang)及外(wai)方(fang)員工(gong)設立的(de)(de)(de)固定居住地(di)，生活區本著“鄰居工(gong)作(zuo)”原則(ze)，選(xuan)址于距(ju)選(xuan)礦(kuang)廠(chang)1.5km的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di)建設，總(zong)用地(di)面(mian)積(ji)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)38374.7m2，總(zong)建筑面(mian)積(ji)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)13255m2。對生活區構成的(de)(de)(de)多樣性(xing)和山(shan)(shan)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)復雜性(xing)分解、提煉(lian)和組(zu)合(he)(he)是(shi)礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)生活區的(de)(de)(de)基本出發(fa)點，生活區形(xing)態上的(de)(de)(de)種種空(kong)間表述(shu)其實是(shi)建立在這兩方(fang)面(mian)理性(xing)分析的(de)(de)(de)基礎上，是(shi)生活區特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能要求在獨特(te)場地(di)脈絡上投(tou)射、疊合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)結果。

1場地分析

每一(yi)塊建(jian)設場(chang)地(di)(di)(di)都有其(qi)特(te)(te)殊性(xing)，體(ti)現在其(qi)周(zhou)(zhou)邊用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)構成、區(qu)位(wei)條件(jian)以(yi)及地(di)(di)(di)理特(te)(te)征(zheng)等(deng)方(fang)面。通(tong)過對(dui)這(zhe)幾方(fang)面的分(fen)(fen)析，提煉出場(chang)地(di)(di)(di)的特(te)(te)征(zheng)要(yao)素作為(wei)生活區(qu)規劃的依據。同(tong)時，也歸納(na)出場(chang)地(di)(di)(di)中存在的需要(yao)解決的制約條件(jian)。礦(kuang)山生活區(qu)位(wei)于坡(po)度10%~25%不等(deng)的山丘之上，高(gao)差較(jiao)(jiao)大，主要(yao)建(jian)設用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)為(wei)山丘頂(ding)部較(jiao)(jiao)平坦地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)和朝向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)、北(bei)的坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)。礦(kuang)山進山路從場(chang)地(di)(di)(di)邊盤旋通(tong)過，同(tong)時限(xian)定了(le)場(chang)地(di)(di)(di)北(bei)、東、南3邊的邊界(jie)[1]（見圖1）。場(chang)地(di)(di)(di)特(te)(te)殊性(xing)給設計帶(dai)來一(yi)定的難度，生活區(qu)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)局促，同(tong)時山地(di)(di)(di)較(jiao)(jiao)低的利用(yong)(yong)率增加(jia)了(le)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)的緊(jin)張程度，部分(fen)(fen)場(chang)地(di)(di)(di)坡(po)向(xiang)朝西(xi)(xi)(xi)，與建(jian)筑的合理朝向(xiang)有一(yi)定矛盾，生活區(qu)發(fa)展(zhan)受(shou)到周(zhou)(zhou)邊環境(jing)限(xian)制。北(bei)、東、南3面為(wei)礦(kuang)山進山路，西(xi)(xi)(xi)面大部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)坡(po)度較(jiao)(jiao)陡，高(gao)差較(jiao)(jiao)大，這(zhe)些因素限(xian)制了(le)生活區(qu)在各方(fang)面的擴(kuo)展(zhan)，使可建(jian)設用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)限(xian)于較(jiao)(jiao)小范圍(wei)。

2規劃目標

通過對(dui)場地(di)理(li)性分析和生(sheng)(sheng)活區(qu)特點的梳理(li)，確(que)立(li)了明確(que)的規劃目標，以礦山(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)活區(qu)建設為契機，保護和提升地(di)區(qu)的環境品質，依山(shan)就勢，充(chong)分利(li)用地(di)形，營(ying)建與山(shan)地(di)自然景(jing)觀相協調的運行高效的山(shan)地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)活區(qu)，并最(zui)大限度(du)地(di)減(jian)少工(gong)程量、降(jiang)低工(gong)程投資，合(he)理(li)安(an)排生(sheng)(sheng)活區(qu)各項功能，建構有序承載各項需求活動的整體(ti)性生(sheng)(sheng)活基地(di)。

3規劃構思

3.1依(yi)山而開(kai)，以共享(xiang)向獨享(xiang)、喧(xuan)鬧向安靜(jing)漸變

為(wei)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)組織(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)布局(ju)結構(gou)(gou)礦(kuang)(kuang)山(shan)(shan)生活區(qu)的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)布局(ju)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)是把公(gong)共(gong)(gong)性較強的(de)(de)建(jian)筑集(ji)中布置(zhi)(zhi)，組成(cheng)處于(yu)控制地(di)位(wei)的(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)系統(tong)，其(qi)他的(de)(de)相(xiang)對獨(du)立的(de)(de)各類居住用房則(ze)(ze)圍(wei)繞該(gai)中心布置(zhi)(zhi)，共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個讓不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)氣連枝(zhi)的(de)(de)布局(ju)結構(gou)(gou)。喧鬧向安靜的(de)(de)過渡是共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)向獨(du)享(xiang)漸變(bian)(bian)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)在(zai)這塊(kuai)場(chang)(chang)(chang)地(di)上的(de)(de)實用需求(qiu)的(de)(de)詮釋。建(jian)設場(chang)(chang)(chang)地(di)是一(yi)(yi)個呈圓錐臺的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)丘，南側靠(kao)近礦(kuang)(kuang)山(shan)(shan)進(jin)山(shan)(shan)路(lu)的(de)(de)地(di)方與(yu)進(jin)山(shan)(shan)路(lu)高(gao)差較小、坡度較緩但受(shou)外界影響大(da)，適宜(yi)布置(zhi)(zhi)共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)系統(tong)；西側用地(di)坡度較大(da)，但相(xiang)對安靜，適宜(yi)安排體量較小的(de)(de)居住建(jian)筑的(de)(de)獨(du)享(xiang)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)系統(tong)。基于(yu)以(yi)上考慮，我(wo)們首先建(jian)立了(le)一(yi)(yi)條連接礦(kuang)(kuang)山(shan)(shan)進(jin)山(shan)(shan)路(lu)的(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)序(xu)列，以(yi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)尺度的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)通過空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)收(shou)放、圍(wei)合(he)程(cheng)度的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)以(yi)容納不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)活動(dong)并組織(zhi)起(qi)給人豐富空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)體驗(yan)、符合(he)人體尺度的(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)系統(tong)。序(xu)列空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)始于(yu)生活區(qu)入(ru)(ru)口，延(yan)伸至社區(qu)保衛、餐廳(ting)、超市等限定的(de)(de)入(ru)(ru)口廣(guang)(guang)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，轉折(zhe)后進(jin)入(ru)(ru)由會(hui)所、餐廳(ting)等圍(wei)合(he)而成(cheng)的(de)(de)中心廣(guang)(guang)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)由開敞到(dao)圍(wei)合(he)的(de)(de)轉變(bian)(bian)，使人在(zai)運動(dong)中得到(dao)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)感(gan)受(shou)，并且(qie)形(xing)成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)交(jiao)往場(chang)(chang)(chang)所[2]。

3.2依山(shan)地(di)脈絡構建(jian)有序而(er)自由的(de)環境(jing)

3.2.1利(li)用山地(di)建構序列化、尺(chi)度適宜的公共空間(jian)系統

人(ren)們(men)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)心理(li)對空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尺(chi)度(du)(du)常(chang)常(chang)有(you)著不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求。從(cong)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)到私密(mi)，從(cong)城市到建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，從(cong)宏偉到親切，人(ren)們(men)需要不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尺(chi)度(du)(du)給他(ta)們(men)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)提示，幫(bang)助(zhu)他(ta)們(men)定(ding)位(wei)。這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)需要外部空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)提供(gong)不同(tong)尺(chi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多層次空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)體(ti)系，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)滿(man)足人(ren)們(men)心理(li)和認知(zhi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求。規劃(hua)中把外部空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)劃(hua)分為(wei)(wei)3個等級，通過(guo)不同(tong)尺(chi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)成(cheng)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)序列，構建(jian)多層次的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)體(ti)系。從(cong)生活(huo)(huo)(huo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，到生活(huo)(huo)(huo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)半(ban)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)半(ban)私密(mi)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，到生活(huo)(huo)(huo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)私密(mi)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。通過(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)語言(yan)使其(qi)各級空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)具有(you)歸屬感，對社區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)有(you)著重要意義。在場地(di)南部較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)平(ping)坦(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)，集中布(bu)置生活(huo)(huo)(huo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，利(li)用各公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)位(wei)及不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圍合程(cheng)度(du)(du)建(jian)構一個富有(you)活(huo)(huo)(huo)力(li)，感受豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)序列公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。在這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中，空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尺(chi)度(du)(du)較(jiao)大(da)，人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動具有(you)一種(zhong)匿名性，環(huan)境壓力(li)小，空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開放(fang)性和包容性都比較(jiao)高，人(ren)們(men)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)很容易進(jin)入(ru)(ru)這(zhe)(zhe)里，從(cong)而(er)(er)成(cheng)功地(di)實現(xian)生活(huo)(huo)(huo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)外與(yu)生活(huo)(huo)(huo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)與(yu)過(guo)渡。而(er)(er)位(wei)于各個住宅(zhai)(zhai)組(zu)團(tuan)入(ru)(ru)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)半(ban)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，其(qi)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尺(chi)度(du)(du)就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)適當縮(suo)(suo)小為(wei)(wei)與(yu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)量相適應的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)尺(chi)度(du)(du)。尺(chi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化會使空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)領域感較(jiao)之(zhi)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)更強(qiang)，位(wei)置也更加明確(que)(que)，進(jin)入(ru)(ru)這(zhe)(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)們(men)其(qi)身份以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及所進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動亦隨著空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)明確(que)(que)而(er)(er)進(jin)一步得(de)到確(que)(que)認。尺(chi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化也標示了空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)由公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)向私密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)。最(zui)后，到了住宅(zhai)(zhai)組(zu)團(tuan)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)各庭院單(dan)元，空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尺(chi)度(du)(du)則可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)一步縮(suo)(suo)小為(wei)(wei)更為(wei)(wei)宜人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)度(du)(du)，從(cong)而(er)(er)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)們(men)創造出親切、安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)環(huan)境[3]。

3.2.2保留山體原始地(di)形和植被形成(cheng)綠色開放空間

場地內坡度大(da)于20%的較陡(dou)山地，規劃中基于生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)的考慮不(bu)用于建(jian)(jian)設，使場地內建(jian)(jian)筑布置盡量緊密以(yi)減少占地。從而使山體(ti)形狀(zhuang)到植被都予(yu)以(yi)最大(da)限度的保留(liu)，在生(sheng)(sheng)活區(qu)中保留(liu)了自(zi)然的寧(ning)靜和清新。從進山路望生(sheng)(sheng)活區(qu)，連(lian)綿不(bu)斷的綠色山體(ti)無疑是生(sheng)(sheng)活區(qu)最賞(shang)心悅目的自(zi)然背景，并且與山體(ti)上密集(ji)的臺地建(jian)(jian)筑群以(yi)一種(zhong)肌(ji)理對比(bi)的方式共同構成一個富有張力的景觀。

3.2.3利用生(sheng)活(huo)區(qu)交通系統合理組織山(shan)地排水，并形(xing)成生(sheng)活(huo)區(qu)與外界自然環境的視線通廊

基于當地(di)降(jiang)雨量大(da)的(de)特點，積極(ji)利用生(sheng)活區(qu)內(nei)道路的(de)組織，形成(cheng)合(he)理的(de)場(chang)地(di)排水系統(tong)，保證場(chang)地(di)內(nei)的(de)干(gan)燥(zao)整潔，且(qie)通過放射形的(de)支路形成(cheng)與外界環境的(de)視線通廊，從(cong)而有機的(de)把生(sheng)活區(qu)與自然(ran)環境融為一體，提升了(le)生(sheng)活區(qu)的(de)空間(jian)品質，創造了(le)宜人(ren)的(de)住(zhu)區(qu)。

3.3協調環境、降低工(gong)程量、充分利用山地的(de)建筑(zhu)設計(ji)和場地設計(ji)策略

建(jian)構于山地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)(huo)區，場地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊(shu)性對建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)場地(di)(di)(di)(di)設(she)(she)計都提出了(le)(le)較高(gao)要(yao)求，為滿足這些要(yao)求而采(cai)(cai)取了(le)(le)一(yi)系列的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)場地(di)(di)(di)(di)設(she)(she)計策略，從而生成一(yi)個形(xing)態(tai)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)(huo)區[4]。3.3.1山地(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計———階(jie)梯(ti)式(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)布置(zhi)為了(le)(le)降(jiang)低(di)土(tu)(tu)方工程量(liang)、保存(cun)山體形(xing)狀，我們(men)采(cai)(cai)用階(jie)梯(ti)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)來適應山地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傾斜，從而使建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)具有(you)一(yi)種緊密(mi)關系。居住建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)布于不(bu)(bu)同標高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4個臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之上(shang)。2層的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)室(shi)(shi)內(nei)不(bu)(bu)設(she)(she)樓梯(ti)而是通過不(bu)(bu)同臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標高(gao)層分(fen)別進入，通過與(yu)室(shi)(shi)外空間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結合形(xing)成富有(you)趣味的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)(huo)空間(jian)。同時(shi)臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)上(shang)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)廓延山勢跌落，與(yu)山林環(huan)(huan)境協調。場地(di)(di)(di)(di)設(she)(she)計策略———依(yi)高(gao)差(cha)劃(hua)分(fen)臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)平整地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)和(he)擋(dang)土(tu)(tu)墻的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)化(hua)設(she)(she)計為了(le)(le)防(fang)止(zhi)可(ke)(ke)能發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)塌方和(he)滑坡(po)，保證土(tu)(tu)方穩定，生活(huo)(huo)區內(nei)設(she)(she)置(zhi)了(le)(le)較多(duo)擋(dang)土(tu)(tu)墻。擋(dang)土(tu)(tu)墻的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)化(hua)設(she)(she)計成為生活(huo)(huo)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)色，提高(gao)了(le)(le)生活(huo)(huo)區環(huan)(huan)境質量(liang)。擋(dang)土(tu)(tu)墻根(gen)據(ju)(ju)高(gao)度、長度以(yi)及砌筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材料不(bu)(bu)同可(ke)(ke)以(yi)形(xing)成多(duo)種景觀。位于開放空間(jian)處(chu)(chu)較大面積(ji)處(chu)(chu)擋(dang)土(tu)(tu)墻可(ke)(ke)以(yi)借鑒當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)木(mu)雕裝飾，主題根(gen)據(ju)(ju)所處(chu)(chu)位置(zhi)不(bu)(bu)同而不(bu)(bu)同。

4總體規劃

4.1功能分區

依(yi)據(ju)規劃構思進行各功能分(fen)區(qu)(qu)的布局。入口進入景觀軸線，周圍布置(zhi)次(ci)要公共建(jian)筑，包括(kuo)超市(shi)、社區(qu)(qu)保衛、診所(suo)；場地(di)中(zhong)(zhong)心區(qu)(qu)布置(zhi)主要公共建(jian)筑，形成核心景觀區(qu)(qu)，包括(kuo)餐廳(ting)、會所(suo)等。用地(di)西側(ce)為中(zhong)(zhong)層以下(xia)員工住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宅區(qu)(qu)，包括(kuo)高管(guan)、普管(guan)和普通(tong)工人住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宅區(qu)(qu)；西北(bei)側(ce)為中(zhong)(zhong)層員工住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宅區(qu)(qu)；東北(bei)側(ce)為高管(guan)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宅區(qu)(qu)，住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)配(pei)有(you)獨立的活動場地(di)及(ji)設施（見圖3）。

4.2道(dao)路交(jiao)通系統(tong)規劃

依據(ju)地(di)(di)段的(de)(de)地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)貌，將生(sheng)活區(qu)道路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)順應等(deng)高線布置，坡度(du)盡(jin)量控制(zhi)在(zai)3%~5%以(yi)內。對(dui)外交(jiao)通：場(chang)地(di)(di)南側為(wei)(wei)(wei)礦山(shan)與(yu)生(sheng)活區(qu)的(de)(de)快速路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。內部交(jiao)通：由于(yu)場(chang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)限制(zhi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了有效(xiao)縮短道路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)長度(du)，降低山(shan)地(di)(di)道路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施工投資(zi)，依據(ju)道路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)使用效(xiao)率采用環(huan)(huan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和盡(jin)端路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)相結合的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)式。生(sheng)活區(qu)中部設置一(yi)條環(huan)(huan)形(xing)(xing)車(che)道，各(ge)(ge)類機(ji)動車(che)輛沿環(huan)(huan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)可(ke)到達各(ge)(ge)組團(tuan)入口，將各(ge)(ge)組團(tuan)連為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)體。生(sheng)活區(qu)西端設置盡(jin)端路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，作為(wei)(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)活區(qu)輔助機(ji)動車(che)道。組團(tuan)內部采取步行的(de)(de)交(jiao)通形(xing)(xing)式。交(jiao)通組織：生(sheng)活區(qu)道路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)規(gui)劃(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3級，即主干(gan)(gan)道、次干(gan)(gan)道、宅(zhai)前(qian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。其中主干(gan)(gan)道路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)幅6m；次干(gan)(gan)道路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)幅2m；宅(zhai)前(qian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)幅1.5m。4.3景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)規(gui)劃(hua)依據(ju)共享向獨享、喧鬧向安靜漸(jian)變的(de)(de)功能布局(ju)原(yuan)則，以(yi)入口為(wei)(wei)(wei)起始(shi)點，向住區(qu)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)中心(xin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)次要景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)軸線，公共建筑中心(xin)區(qu)入口廣場(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)次要景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)軸線的(de)(de)轉折點，在(zai)此形(xing)(xing)成主要景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)軸線，結合各(ge)(ge)建筑之間的(de)(de)空間設置景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)節點。保留的(de)(de)大量植被(bei)和樹種的(de)(de)自然景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)和上述人(ren)工景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)軸線形(xing)(xing)成有機(ji)與(yu)無機(ji)、理性(xing)與(yu)感性(xing)的(de)(de)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)形(xing)(xing)態。

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作者:包師宇 單(dan)位(wei):五礦（營(ying)口(kou)）產業園發展有限公司(si)