導語：生態(tai)凈水漁(yu)業技術對(dui)水體青苔的應用一文來(lai)源于網友上傳，不代表本站觀點，若需要原創文章可咨詢客服(fu)老師，歡(huan)迎參考(kao)。

2020年5－8月，易園臨水平臺景觀水體出現青苔“藻華”不良現象，水色蒼白，散發惡臭，水質惡化成為新的污染源，讓景觀水體“顏值”盡失，對水體安全造成嚴重威脅。對此，管理站采取人工打撈、藥物殺滅方法治理，未能取得徹底消除青苔而凈化水體的效果。項目組接觸到該問題，立即調整治理思路，運用生態凈水漁業技術，通過生物操控的方法，成功抑制了青苔“藻華”的出現，保持了水體的潔凈美觀，達到預期治(zhi)理效果。

一、水體的基本情況

臨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平臺景觀水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)為易園園區(qu)竹筏(fa)劃水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)娛樂區(qu)域(yu)，屬靜止淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)。其(qi)(qi)呈“┗”狀(zhuang)渠道型(xing)，面積(ji)0.68公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，總長(chang)(chang)度(du)385米(mi)(mi)(mi)，東西(xi)長(chang)(chang)237.16米(mi)(mi)(mi)、南(nan)北寬147.84米(mi)(mi)(mi)；兩頭窄，中間(jian)寬，寬度(du)在5～18米(mi)(mi)(mi)，中段(duan)(duan)拐彎處最(zui)寬，并建有(you)(you)舟形(xing)土(tu)島，面積(ji)0.067公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，島上種(zhong)植(zhi)喬(qiao)灌(guan)木(mu)；渠深(shen)0.63米(mi)(mi)(mi)，正常水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)多保持在0.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)；淤泥(ni)0.12～0.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)，且分布(bu)不均勻；渠底(di)鋪設六棱磚(zhuan)硬化(hua)，渠壁石砌，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)勾縫。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源主要為地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，其(qi)(qi)次為雨(yu)集水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口在最(zui)東段(duan)(duan)北岸(an)渠底(di)。東西(xi)渠光照(zhao)(zhao)充足(zu)，春(chun)、夏、秋(qiu)光照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)長(chang)(chang)可達(da)9～12小時(shi)，最(zui)高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫達(da)31.06℃；南(nan)北渠光照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)間(jian)短，僅正午時(shi)分有(you)(you)3～4小時(shi)，其(qi)(qi)余時(shi)間(jian)樹(shu)蔭遮掩。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)中約30尾(wei)(wei)小紅鯽魚、規格(ge)40尾(wei)(wei)/千(qian)克，錦鯉2尾(wei)(wei)、規格(ge)0.5千(qian)克/尾(wei)(wei)；無水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)。渠道兩岸(an)園區(qu)均種(zhong)植(zhi)有(you)(you)多種(zhong)喬(qiao)灌(guan)木(mu)，花卉、青草覆蓋地(di)面。易園建成(cheng)使用已(yi)達(da)15年(nian)。該水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)是淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位，瘦水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質，東西(xi)段(duan)(duan)光照(zhao)(zhao)充足(zu)，南(nan)北段(duan)(duan)光照(zhao)(zhao)少，微藻、浮(fu)游動物(wu)(wu)和底(di)棲動物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類、數(shu)量均稀缺(que)的微型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)。

二、青苔情況、生長條件(jian)及危(wei)害(hai)

青(qing)(qing)苔(tai)是(shi)絲(si)(si)狀(zhuang)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)過度(du)繁殖(zhi)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種“藻(zao)(zao)(zao)華”現象。詢問了解，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)東部發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)青(qing)(qing)苔(tai)已有(you)多(duo)年(nian)，僅2020年(nian)泛濫成(cheng)災，這可能(neng)和(he)人類(lei)活動(dong)、氣(qi)候變化(hua)及多(duo)重環境因子(zi)脅迫(po)相關。5月，隨著天(tian)氣(qi)變暖(nuan)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)升高，絲(si)(si)狀(zhuang)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)迅(xun)速繁殖(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)，由(you)(you)東向西擴展蔓延(yan)；到(dao)6月，絲(si)(si)狀(zhuang)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)瘋(feng)長(chang)(chang)、暴發(fa)，布(bu)滿整(zheng)個東西向渠(qu)道。而南北向渠(qu)道無水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿(mian)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿(mian)在中段(duan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)彎(wan)處出現分界線(xian)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)里青(qing)(qing)苔(tai)密(mi)布(bu)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)全(quan)覆蓋，立體(ti)(ti)狀(zhuang)分布(bu)，打撈出的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿(mian)手感(gan)滑膩，呈翠綠色。青(qing)(qing)苔(tai)由(you)(you)絲(si)(si)狀(zhuang)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)引起，包括(kuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿(mian)屬、雙星藻(zao)(zao)(zao)屬、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)板(ban)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)屬、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)網藻(zao)(zao)(zao)屬等11大類(lei)。經鑒定，臨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平臺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)中青(qing)(qing)苔(tai)主要(yao)由(you)(you)絲(si)(si)狀(zhuang)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿(mian)屬的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿(mian)引起，在溫(wen)(wen)度(du)5～36℃均可生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)，最佳生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為15～20℃。生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)受溫(wen)(wen)度(du)、光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)、鹽度(du)、pH等環境因子(zi)影(ying)響，其中光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)是(shi)促進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿(mian)細(xi)胞生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)及其代謝活性的(de)(de)(de)首(shou)要(yao)因子(zi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿(mian)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)適宜于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)瘦(shou)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)淺、偏好(hao)較高光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)強度(du)和(he)高溫(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)靜水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)。條件合適時(shi)，強大的(de)(de)(de)繁衍(yan)力和(he)蔓延(yan)力形(xing)成(cheng)青(qing)(qing)苔(tai)“藻(zao)(zao)(zao)華”造(zao)成(cheng)危害，破(po)(po)壞水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統平衡。絲(si)(si)狀(zhuang)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)大量滋生(sheng)(sheng)存在會通過營(ying)養競爭、藻(zao)(zao)(zao)體(ti)(ti)纏繞、化(hua)感(gan)作用、遮蔽(bi)光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)等方面影(ying)響其他水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)物的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。衰亡(wang)后會密(mi)集漂浮于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面，呈現黃(huang)綠、黃(huang)色或黑色且帶有(you)氣(qi)泡(pao)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)色泛白(bai)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中溶氧降低，散發(fa)有(you)毒(du)、有(you)害氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)，破(po)(po)壞水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)景觀效(xiao)果。

三、采取修復措施

1.生(sheng)態(tai)清(qing)淤(yu)，聚泥成島2020年10月(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)，將渠(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排放(fang)完(wan)，曝曬風干池底(di)(di)(di)(di)淤(yu)泥。然后把含(han)有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿殘體(ti)及其孢子的淤(yu)泥干土堆積起來，在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)最(zui)寬處(chu)南北兩(liang)岸錯(cuo)位(wei)(wei)修建兩(liang)處(chu)小島，島半橢圓(yuan)形，邊(bian)界用透水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)磚砌成，面積分(fen)別為(wei)100米(mi)(mi)2和(he)(he)150米(mi)(mi)2。翌年清(qing)明節前后種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)挺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)物(wu)蓮藕。蓮種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三節，開粉(fen)紅(hong)色(se)荷(he)花，栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間隔為(wei)1.5米(mi)(mi)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)時注(zhu)意(yi)保護好蓮藕端芽尖(jian)。2.栽(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)，遮(zhe)蔽陽(yang)光(guang)冬末春初，加地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)入(ru)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)清(qing)澈見底(di)(di)(di)(di)。3月(yue)初，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿在進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口處(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)底(di)(di)(di)(di)萌發(fa)緩慢生(sheng)長(chang)，呈(cheng)扇形。為(wei)防止其向外蔓延，月(yue)底(di)(di)(di)(di)，在此處(chu)安置(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)鳶尾生(sheng)態(tai)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)床30米(mi)(mi)2、盆(pen)栽(zai)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)物(wu)(廣(guang)溫帶(dai))睡蓮8米(mi)(mi)2。浮(fu)(fu)(fu)床規(gui)格(ge)為(wei)3米(mi)(mi)×10米(mi)(mi)，9盆(pen)/米(mi)(mi)2；鳶尾苗高15～20厘米(mi)(mi)，2株(zhu)/盆(pen)；睡蓮4～6株(zhu)/盆(pen)。用生(sheng)態(tai)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)床及睡蓮浮(fu)(fu)(fu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)葉片遮(zhe)蔽太(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)，使水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿缺少陽(yang)光(guang)照(zhao)射，生(sheng)長(chang)停(ting)滯(zhi)，漸漸萎縮衰亡(wang)。3.動力(li)調(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，擴增(zeng)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)游植(zhi)物(wu)量(liang)5月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)，東(dong)西向渠(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)初現有(you)零星水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿散(san)亂生(sheng)長(chang)。此時渠(qu)(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫度(du)23℃，pH7.17，溶氧9.60毫(hao)克(ke)/升(sheng)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)色(se)淺黃綠色(se)。采取措施從(cong)(cong)太(tai)極(ji)湖(hu)抽綠水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)到臨(lin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)臺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)，提(ti)升(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)15厘米(mi)(mi)，增(zeng)加浮(fu)(fu)(fu)游植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)和(he)(he)數量(liang)。太(tai)極(ji)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)綠色(se)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)樣藻(zao)類(lei)鏡檢結果為(wei)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)游植(zhi)物(wu)6門、36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，以(yi)藍藻(zao)門、硅藻(zao)門種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)最(zui)多，螺旋藻(zao)、束絲藻(zao)、微囊藻(zao)、尖(jian)針桿藻(zao)為(wei)優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，密(mi)度(du)2.81×105個/毫(hao)升(sheng)，生(sheng)物(wu)量(liang)104.43毫(hao)克(ke)/升(sheng)，溶氧14.60毫(hao)克(ke)/升(sheng)，透明度(du)40厘米(mi)(mi)，pH7.53，氨氮0.96毫(hao)克(ke)/升(sheng)。太(tai)極(ji)湖(hu)為(wei)易園水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系中(zhong)最(zui)大(da)納水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)，總集(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區32.16公頃，15年的積累使湖(hu)中(zhong)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)物(wu)質較為(wei)豐(feng)(feng)富，呈(cheng)中(zhong)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)狀態(tai)。調(diao)配相對較肥的湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)入(ru)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)，豐(feng)(feng)富的藻(zao)類(lei)與水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿形成生(sheng)態(tai)位(wei)(wei)競爭關系，尤其在光(guang)照(zhao)和(he)(he)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)鹽(yan)上的競爭此消(xiao)彼(bi)長(chang)，有(you)效遏制了渠(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿生(sheng)長(chang)。4.放(fang)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)動物(wu)，完(wan)善(shan)結構功能(neng)東(dong)西向渠(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)放(fang)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)圓(yuan)蘿卜螺300只，規(gui)格(ge)1～2厘米(mi)(mi)/只，平(ping)均(jun)重量(liang)1.16克(ke)/只，體(ti)表(biao)完(wan)整(zheng)、個體(ti)大(da)小較均(jun)勻(yun)，以(yi)牧食青苔和(he)(he)附著藻(zao)類(lei)；紅(hong)鯽(ji)魚160尾、規(gui)格(ge)40尾/千(qian)(qian)克(ke)，泥鰍330尾、規(gui)格(ge)260尾/千(qian)(qian)克(ke)。底(di)(di)(di)(di)棲(qi)雜食性魚攝食水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)底(di)(di)(di)(di)部的營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)物(wu)質，促進(jin)底(di)(di)(di)(di)泥再懸浮(fu)(fu)(fu)、營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)鹽(yan)釋放(fang)，也通過排泄(xie)釋放(fang)磷，增(zeng)加水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)鹽(yan)濃度(du)，從(cong)(cong)而促進(jin)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)游藻(zao)類(lei)生(sheng)長(chang)，影響初級生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)的分(fen)布，使物(wu)質和(he)(he)能(neng)量(liang)良性循環(huan)起來。

四、結果與分析

1.生態防治效果良好2021年6月、7月、8月，全面巡視檢查臨水平臺景觀水體，水呈綠色，水中無水綿滋生。水質監測：水溫25～29.63℃、pH7.5～8.0、溶氧＞15.30毫克/升、總氮(TN)＜2.0毫克/升、總磷(TP)＜0.02毫克/升、化學需氧量(COD)21～25毫克/升，僅COD在Ⅲ～Ⅳ類水，其他指標達到國家地表水Ⅲ類水質以上，符合國家景觀水體標準。景觀效果顯示，島種荷花高度1.6米左右，荷葉清圓，高蓮朵朵；浮床鳶尾莖高1米，根須長0.37厘米，綠葉襯黃花；睡蓮每盆覆蓋水面1米2左右，園葉臥水，紅花點點；水中紅魚游戲，渠畔清香遠溢，景象生動、雅致。通過人工模仿，構建、修復水生態系統，應用生物(wu)(wu)操控的生態(tai)(tai)凈(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)漁業技術，成(cheng)功控制(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)青苔(tai)“藻華”不(bu)(bu)良現(xian)象的出現(xian)，保(bao)證(zheng)了(le)(le)(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)生態(tai)(tai)健康，使水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)與易(yi)園整體(ti)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)相互協調，輝映成(cheng)趣(qu)。2.生態(tai)(tai)凈(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)漁業技術優點①技術運(yun)用(yong)簡便易(yi)操作(zuo)，投資小、見效快(kuai)。聚泥建島、安置(zhi)浮床、種養水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、調水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)工(gong)(gong)程，費(fei)用(yong)低(di)、難度小、好(hao)施工(gong)(gong)、見效快(kuai)。免(mian)(mian)除了(le)(le)(le)園林工(gong)(gong)人(ren)頭(tou)頂烈(lie)日打撈、清運(yun)、潑灑藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)等(deng)費(fei)時費(fei)力的辛苦勞(lao)作(zuo)；克(ke)服了(le)(le)(le)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)打撈青苔(tai)不(bu)(bu)徹底、不(bu)(bu)全面，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿(mian)易(yi)再(zai)生、反復(fu)，處理(li)效果(guo)不(bu)(bu)理(li)想，達不(bu)(bu)到(dao)預期(qi)效果(guo)的弊端。渠內就地打造綠(lv)地景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)，節(jie)省土(tu)方外運(yun)工(gong)(gong)程作(zuo)業量，減(jian)少了(le)(le)(le)經濟(ji)支出。②綠(lv)色(se)安全，不(bu)(bu)會(hui)產生有害物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)，避(bi)免(mian)(mian)二(er)次污染(ran)。不(bu)(bu)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)如(ru)硫酸(suan)銅(tong)、腐植(zhi)(zhi)酸(suan)鈉、含氯制(zhi)劑等(deng)消殺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綿(mian)及(ji)其孢子，以漁控藻，綠(lv)色(se)環(huan)保(bao)，不(bu)(bu)會(hui)給環(huan)境(jing)(jing)帶來(lai)二(er)次污染(ran)。③節(jie)約水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源，提(ti)高利用(yong)率(lv)(lv)。通(tong)過(guo)太(tai)極(ji)湖水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(臨(lin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平臺與太(tai)極(ji)湖有水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道相連，但有臺級阻斷(duan))的肥(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、瘦水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)調配，優化利用(yong)，提(ti)高了(le)(le)(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源的使用(yong)率(lv)(lv)，減(jian)少地下優質(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源的使用(yong)量，降低(di)了(le)(le)(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生態(tai)(tai)健康維護(hu)運(yun)行費(fei)用(yong)。④美化環(huan)境(jing)(jing)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)形成(cheng)較好(hao)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)，營造出綠(lv)色(se)自然、精致生動(dong)(dong)的親水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生態(tai)(tai)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)，提(ti)升了(le)(le)(le)城(cheng)市(shi)宜居性。3.建議(yi)①水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位調控。控制(zhi)渠內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位線在0.45～0.55米(mi)，有效應對蒸(zheng)發耗損，避(bi)免(mian)(mian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)富營養化出現(xian)次生問題，如(ru)藍藻“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)華”。②水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源調配。考慮適當引入肥(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，進一步節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、節(jie)能。③注重管理(li)。加強水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的管養、替換(huan)和補(bu)充，防(fang)止帶入不(bu)(bu)良水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生物(wu)(wu)種，搞好(hao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面清潔衛生。

作者：趙(zhao)文武 李彥民 張(zhang)國(guo)(guo)真 葛彩霞 李國(guo)(guo)卿(qing) 李華 朱勇 單位：安(an)陽(yang)市水產科(ke)學研究所 安(an)陽(yang)市易園(yuan)管理站