導(dao)語：設施農業蔬菜栽培技術(shu)分析一文來源于網友上傳，不代表本站(zhan)觀(guan)點，若需要原創文章可咨詢客(ke)服老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：隨著國內經濟穩步增長，國民經濟收入水平不斷提高，人們對生活品質的要求也在不斷提升。人們在飲食方面更加重視飲食健康，注重食物葷素搭配，對蔬菜的消費需求也在不斷提升。為了更好地滿足農產品市場對蔬菜產品的消費需求，保證蔬菜產品綠色、無公害的良好品質，在蔬菜生產種植中必須引入更加先進的栽培技術，提高我國農業蔬菜栽培生產技術水平。結合目前我國農業蔬菜栽培產業的發展特點以及農業生產活動中遇到的實際問題，對設施農業蔬菜栽培技術要點作出詳細分析，以供參考。

關鍵詞(ci)：設施(shi)農業(ye)；蔬菜栽培技術；應(ying)用

綠色(se)栽(zai)培(pei)是現代化蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)需要(yao)關注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)。想要(yao)為消費者提供品(pin)質(zhi)更好的(de)(de)(de)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)產(chan)品(pin)，保證蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)穩定產(chan)量以(yi)及食品(pin)安全，就必須(xu)提升蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)技術水平(ping)。正確應用設施農業蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)技術，配合科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)水肥管理(li)以(yi)及病蟲害綜合防(fang)治，可(ke)為蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)作(zuo)物創(chuang)造(zao)良好的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)環境，能(neng)實現蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)高產(chan)，也(ye)能(neng)有效避免農藥殘留、土(tu)壤環境污(wu)染等(deng)問題，對促進(jin)我國(guo)農業的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)一步發展有著(zhu)重(zhong)要(yao)意義。

1設施農業蔬(shu)菜(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)技術的發展情況與現(xian)存問題

1.1我國設施(shi)農業蔬菜栽(zai)培技術的(de)發展情況

1.1.1蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)標準化(hua)為(wei)(wei)了(le)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)品(pin)質(zhi)，在我(wo)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)已經(jing)基本普及(ji)了(le)溫室大(da)棚蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)式。通過溫室大(da)棚蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)模(mo)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)，能(neng)(neng)為(wei)(wei)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)作物的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)創造更(geng)加適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)，不僅能(neng)(neng)促進(jin)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)植株生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育，也能(neng)(neng)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)土(tu)地資源與(yu)時間(jian)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)用效率。現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)活(huo)動必須擺(bai)脫傳統農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)落后觀念，重(zhong)視對設(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相關(guan)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)廣應用，對整個產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈條(tiao)進(jin)一(yi)步延(yan)伸拓展(zhan)，才能(neng)(neng)更(geng)好地滿足農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)市場對蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)費需求，也體現(xian)出蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準化(hua)特(te)點[1]。1.1.2蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)隨(sui)著(zhu)耕(geng)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷整合，蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在向規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)逐漸轉變。采用溫室大(da)棚進(jin)行大(da)面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)，有利(li)(li)于(yu)促進(jin)當(dang)地農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)，顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)農(nong)(nong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟收(shou)入(ru)，對改善(shan)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)、減(jian)少農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)污染、保(bao)證蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食品(pin)安(an)全都有著(zhu)重(zhong)要意(yi)義(yi)。目(mu)前，設(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)已經(jing)成為(wei)(wei)我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)門(men)大(da)力(li)推(tui)廣的(de)(de)(de)(de)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)模(mo)式，由設(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)也更(geng)受消(xiao)(xiao)費者青(qing)睞。1.1.3設(she)施(shi)(shi)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)多樣化(hua)在設(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)模(mo)式下(xia)，能(neng)(neng)夠獲得的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)施(shi)(shi)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)也更(geng)加多樣化(hua)。溫室大(da)棚的(de)(de)(de)(de)運用解決(jue)了(le)自然環(huan)(huan)境(jing)對蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制，可以保(bao)證消(xiao)(xiao)費者在一(yi)年四(si)季都能(neng)(neng)購買到不同季節的(de)(de)(de)(de)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，豐富(fu)了(le)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)餐桌菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)品(pin)，北方地區也能(neng)(neng)購買到新鮮(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)南方蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。這也體現(xian)出我(wo)國(guo)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)技術(shu)水平顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)。

1.2設施(shi)農業蔬菜栽培(pei)技術應用中的現存問題(ti)

首先，在(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)施農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)(ji)應用(yong)過(guo)程中發(fa)(fa)現，主要(yao)存在(zai)(zai)溫室(shi)大(da)棚(peng)結(jie)構(gou)、尺寸設(she)(she)計不(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)理，溫室(shi)大(da)棚(peng)內部(bu)設(she)(she)施過(guo)于(yu)落(luo)后等問題，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)作物(wu)生(sheng)長需求。如果溫室(shi)大(da)棚(peng)設(she)(she)計不(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)理，所(suo)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎設(she)(she)施、設(she)(she)備不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)達到(dao)設(she)(she)施農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本要(yao)求，會影響(xiang)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)作物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長，最終(zhong)獲取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)益與(yu)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)達到(dao)預期效(xiao)(xiao)果，而設(she)(she)施農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)所(suo)發(fa)(fa)揮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)(ji)作用(yong)也必(bi)然受(shou)到(dao)影響(xiang)，不(bu)(bu)僅提高(gao)了(le)生(sheng)產成本，也加大(da)了(le)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動量(liang)，獲取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)益也不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)令(ling)人滿意。這(zhe)會降低(di)(di)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)農(nong)應用(yong)設(she)(she)施農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)性(xing)，不(bu)(bu)利于(yu)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展。其次，由于(yu)多數菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)農(nong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)教育程度較(jiao)低(di)(di)，菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)農(nong)所(suo)掌握(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)知(zhi)識并(bing)不(bu)(bu)扎(zha)實，嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)了(le)設(she)(she)施農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范性(xing)。菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)農(nong)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)根(gen)據蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習性(xing)與(yu)生(sheng)長特(te)點來合(he)(he)理運用(yong)設(she)(she)施農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，會降低(di)(di)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成活率(lv)，進而蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質也會受(shou)到(dao)不(bu)(bu)良影響(xiang)，降低(di)(di)消費者購買設(she)(she)施蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消費欲望。最后，在(zai)(zai)某些地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)施農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)產區(qu)中，化肥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施用(yong)量(liang)過(guo)高(gao)，導致(zhi)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)植的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)嚴重(zhong)退化、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)鹽(yan)漬化現象經常發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，這(zhe)都(dou)不(bu)(bu)利于(yu)設(she)(she)施農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長遠發(fa)(fa)展，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)讓蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)獲得最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長狀(zhuang)態[2]。

2設施(shi)農業蔬(shu)菜栽培技術的應用技術要點

2.1搭建(jian)溫室大棚(peng)的技術要點

設(she)(she)施農(nong)(nong)業蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)栽培(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本要(yao)(yao)求就是要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)栽培(pei)地(di)搭(da)(da)(da)建(jian)(jian)(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)搭(da)(da)(da)建(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)量(liang)直接關(guan)系到大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長狀態，對設(she)(she)施蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)、品(pin)質(zhi)都有(you)較大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)影響(xiang)，因此，按照技術標(biao)準搭(da)(da)(da)建(jian)(jian)(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)是設(she)(she)施農(nong)(nong)業蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)栽培(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)(yao)任務。在(zai)(zai)(zai)搭(da)(da)(da)建(jian)(jian)(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)時，要(yao)(yao)根據產(chan)(chan)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)壤、氣候、環境等實(shi)際情(qing)況，對溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)整(zheng)體結(jie)構、尺寸(cun)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)進(jin)行規(gui)(gui)范化(hua)設(she)(she)計(ji)。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)所選用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)必(bi)須(xu)從正規(gui)(gui)商(shang)家購買，必(bi)須(xu)根據棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度(du)(du)、材料(liao)以及耐久度(du)(du)進(jin)行選擇。所選用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)必(bi)須(xu)有(you)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗拉伸能力(li)，材料(liao)不(bu)含有(you)害物質(zhi)，同時要(yao)(yao)有(you)較長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用壽命。棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度(du)(du)決定(ding)(ding)了溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)搭(da)(da)(da)建(jian)(jian)(jian)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)效果，良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)能保(bao)(bao)證溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)整(zheng)體封閉(bi)性不(bu)輕易受到外界因素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)壞，進(jin)而保(bao)(bao)證了溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)部(bu)有(you)穩定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)與(yu)濕度(du)(du)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)冬(dong)季必(bi)須(xu)為(wei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)制定(ding)(ding)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)暖(nuan)措施。在(zai)(zai)(zai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)搭(da)(da)(da)建(jian)(jian)(jian)完成后還要(yao)(yao)做好(hao)(hao)整(zheng)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)查工作，避免出現漏風(feng)(feng)、棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)破損(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)期易受到大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)影響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)面可(ke)搭(da)(da)(da)建(jian)(jian)(jian)防風(feng)(feng)墻進(jin)行遮(zhe)擋，以此來降低風(feng)(feng)力(li)對溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)良(liang)影響(xiang)。為(wei)了保(bao)(bao)證溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)部(bu)有(you)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)光與(yu)通風(feng)(feng)效果，要(yao)(yao)提前(qian)準備好(hao)(hao)保(bao)(bao)暖(nuan)物、遮(zhe)蓋物。在(zai)(zai)(zai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)上設(she)(she)計(ji)出相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通風(feng)(feng)窗口，在(zai)(zai)(zai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)部(bu)應(ying)配置性能良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通風(feng)(feng)、供暖(nuan)等設(she)(she)備，這樣(yang)就能為(wei)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康生(sheng)長打下良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。

2.2對溫室(shi)大棚內部(bu)環(huan)境的(de)控制

蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)狀態以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)環(huan)境都與(yu)自然環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優劣有(you)直接關系。在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)設(she)施(shi)農(nong)業(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)時，必須對(dui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)與(yu)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)變化進(jin)(jin)行(xing)實時監測，結(jie)合栽(zai)培(pei)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)習性，加以(yi)(yi)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境監控(kong)(kong)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)常情況下，多(duo)數蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)都需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)條件。在(zai)日(ri)常管理(li)中(zhong)，在(zai)滿足蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)時間要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)做好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)強度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合理(li)調控(kong)(kong)，另一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)定期清(qing)潔棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)有(you)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透光(guang)(guang)(guang)性。除此(ci)(ci)之外，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意定時檢測棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)與(yu)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)遮蓋物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪(pu)蓋、供暖設(she)備、定時通(tong)(tong)(tong)風、定時噴灑水(shui)霧來對(dui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)、濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)科學調控(kong)(kong)，讓設(she)施(shi)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)獲得適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)條件。具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)點(dian)如下。2.2.1光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)控(kong)(kong)制要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)點(dian)采(cai)取溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)模式栽(zai)培(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)可(ke)獲得顯(xian)著提(ti)(ti)升，相比于大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)田栽(zai)培(pei)模式棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)可(ke)提(ti)(ti)升50%～60%。如果(guo)(guo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是多(duo)層棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)設(she)計(ji)，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意多(duo)層棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)對(dui)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，制定增強棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)。（1）為了增強大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)應(ying)(ying)優先(xian)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)透光(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)滴薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。該棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)材料中(zhong)摻有(you)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)表面(mian)(mian)活性劑，能(neng)(neng)減(jian)小(xiao)水(shui)分子與(yu)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)附(fu)著能(neng)(neng)力(li)，進(jin)(jin)而促進(jin)(jin)水(shui)滴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)落，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)在(zai)陰雨天氣(qi)中(zhong)也能(neng)(neng)有(you)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透光(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)。（2）要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)對(dui)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定期清(qing)潔工作。灰(hui)塵、水(shui)滴會(hui)(hui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)附(fu)著在(zai)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)上(shang)，降(jiang)(jiang)低棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透光(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)。在(zai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)搭建2d后(hou)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)會(hui)(hui)下降(jiang)(jiang)14%左右；在(zai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)搭建10d后(hou)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)會(hui)(hui)下降(jiang)(jiang)25%左右。因此(ci)(ci)，在(zai)日(ri)常管理(li)中(zhong)清(qing)潔棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)應(ying)(ying)3～5個月進(jin)(jin)行(xing)一次，在(zai)冬(dong)季要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)時清(qing)理(li)積雪，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)擁有(you)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。（3）北方(fang)(fang)地區(qu)在(zai)冬(dong)季可(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)上(shang)加裝聚酯鍍(du)鋁膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)制成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)幕，將(jiang)反(fan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)幕懸掛(gua)在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)后(hou)立柱(zhu)上(shang)端，反(fan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)幕下端垂至地面(mian)(mian)，即(ji)可(ke)顯(xian)著提(ti)(ti)升棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)，增光(guang)(guang)(guang)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)可(ke)提(ti)(ti)升40%左右，這對(dui)提(ti)(ti)升棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)有(you)著積極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。2.2.2棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)點(dian)在(zai)南方(fang)(fang)地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)施(shi)農(nong)業(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)栽(zai)培(pei)中(zhong)，受到氣(qi)候環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)往往較(jiao)高(gao)，濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)過(guo)高(gao)會(hui)(hui)引(yin)發多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)。為了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健康(kang)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)，應(ying)(ying)科學調控(kong)(kong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)。在(zai)冬(dong)季，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)可(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)作為棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，提(ti)(ti)升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)，對(dui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊角壓(ya)實并加固，避(bi)免(mian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)被大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)風刮起(qi)或(huo)出現漏風；對(dui)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)破損處要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)時修補，避(bi)免(mian)破損范圍擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)。在(zai)雨季應(ying)(ying)做好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常通(tong)(tong)(tong)風，控(kong)(kong)制好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)常情況下，當(dang)(dang)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)過(guo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)且溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)在(zai)10℃以(yi)(yi)上(shang)時，可(ke)在(zai)中(zhong)午(wu)打開溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風窗或(huo)開啟(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風設(she)施(shi)，降(jiang)(jiang)低棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)。當(dang)(dang)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)時，應(ying)(ying)做好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)工作，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)控(kong)(kong)制在(zai)20～25℃，滿足蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)需求[3]。2.2.3病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)點(dian)在(zai)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)過(guo)程中(zhong)，很難避(bi)免(mian)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)為害(hai)(hai)，此(ci)(ci)時就要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治工作。設(she)施(shi)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)輪作換茬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)培(pei)模式，有(you)利于減(jian)少病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)。在(zai)日(ri)常管理(li)中(zhong)，根據當(dang)(dang)地病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)，做好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)常見病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預防(fang)工作，合理(li)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)綜合防(fang)治技術(shu)，對(dui)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)治。例如在(zai)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)懸掛(gua)黃色粘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)板(ban)，可(ke)有(you)效(xiao)防(fang)治蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)；懸掛(gua)滅蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)黑光(guang)(guang)(guang)燈，可(ke)有(you)效(xiao)滅殺常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蛾類(lei)農(nong)業(ye)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)；在(zai)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)覆(fu)蓋農(nong)用(yong)(yong)地膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，能(neng)(neng)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)地防(fang)治地下害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。

3結束語

設施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)是在傳統溫室(shi)大棚蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)的(de)基礎(chu)上，對栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與管(guan)理的(de)進一步提(ti)升。設施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)非常適合目前(qian)規(gui)模(mo)化的(de)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)，這也(ye)是加強對設施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)應用(yong)(yong)研究的(de)主要原因之一。在設施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)應用(yong)(yong)過程中，充(chong)分滿(man)足各項技(ji)(ji)術(shu)要點(dian)，從而發揮出設施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)優勢(shi)，促(cu)進設施(shi)(shi)(shi)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)產量及品(pin)質的(de)提(ti)升。

參考文獻：

[1]李想(xiang)，翟玉瑩.設施農業蔬菜栽培技術初探[J].時代農機，2020，47（1）：12，14.

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作者：周奇(qi)能 單位：臨夏縣農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)局安(an)家(jia)坡鄉農(nong)(nong)技站