導語(yu)：農業種子高產(chan)栽培技術研究一文來源于網友(you)上傳，不代表本站(zhan)觀點，若(ruo)需(xu)要原創文章可咨詢客(ke)服老師，歡迎(ying)參考。

我國是農業大國，也是農業強國，農業發展所依賴的不是耕地面積，而是高產作物種子。在袁隆平院士的帶領下，我國高產農業種子類型越來越多，但不同類型種子所使用的栽培技(ji)術也不(bu)相同，這便需(xu)要合理(li)應用(yong)栽培技(ji)術，充分發揮種子的(de)作用(yong)，從而提高我國(guo)農業產量。為(wei)了滿(man)足河(he)北(bei)地區民眾的(de)需(xu)求，加強(qiang)對(dui)農業種子高產栽培技(ji)術的(de)研究和推廣是非常重(zhong)要的(de)，下面針對(dui)相關內容進(jin)行詳細(xi)闡述(shu)。

1當前農業種子栽培存在的問題

農(nong)業種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子栽(zai)培(pei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直以(yi)來都是(shi)我國(guo)農(nong)業的(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)問題(ti)，根據(ju)當前(qian)栽(zai)培(pei)情況(kuang)(kuang)來看，存在(zai)(zai)(zai)以(yi)下3點(dian)問題(ti)：第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)密(mi)度大(da)。很多農(nong)民為了能夠提高產量想盡(jin)辦法(fa)，而(er)增加(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)密(mi)度便是(shi)其(qi)(qi)中之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，殊(shu)不(bu)知當種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)密(mi)度達到一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度以(yi)后，不(bu)僅產量無法(fa)增加(jia)，還造(zao)成種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)成本上(shang)(shang)(shang)升，更嚴重(zhong)者還會(hui)降低產量。第二，灌(guan)溉不(bu)科學。新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)出現便要求在(zai)(zai)(zai)灌(guan)溉上(shang)(shang)(shang)也隨(sui)之(zhi)發(fa)(fa)生改變，但從當前(qian)農(nong)民灌(guan)溉情況(kuang)(kuang)來看，依然采用(yong)傳統澆灌(guan)方法(fa)，這(zhe)使得新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無法(fa)發(fa)(fa)揮出其(qi)(qi)本身(shen)的(de)(de)優越性。例如，水稻在(zai)(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)前(qian)期(qi)常(chang)常(chang)發(fa)(fa)生斷(duan)水過早的(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)，這(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度上(shang)(shang)(shang)將會(hui)直接影響到水稻產量。第三，施(shi)肥(fei)不(bu)合理。不(bu)同類型的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子所使用(yong)的(de)(de)栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術也存在(zai)(zai)(zai)很大(da)的(de)(de)不(bu)同，在(zai)(zai)(zai)選(xuan)擇栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術時(shi)廣(guang)大(da)農(nong)民都是(shi)根據(ju)自身(shen)以(yi)往的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)經驗，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)肥(fei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)現象更為明(ming)顯。但是(shi)，農(nong)民在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)肥(fei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)通(tong)常(chang)十(shi)分重(zhong)視(shi)氮肥(fei)的(de)(de)施(shi)加(jia)，而(er)對于鉀(jia)肥(fei)的(de)(de)施(shi)肥(fei)卻沒有給予重(zhong)視(shi)，這(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度上(shang)(shang)(shang)極容易引發(fa)(fa)病蟲害，從而(er)降低產量。

2農(nong)業(ye)種子的(de)高產(chan)栽(zai)培(pei)技術改(gai)進(jin)方法

2.1明確(que)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)件。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)件會對(dui)(dui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)直(zhi)接影響(xiang)，若是(shi)(shi)(shi)無法(fa)保障播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)件，那么種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)在(zai)后(hou)期(qi)所(suo)(suo)表現(xian)出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗病(bing)蟲(chong)、營養吸收等方(fang)(fang)面(mian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力也會隨之降低。溫(wen)(wen)度、天氣都(dou)會對(dui)(dui)當(dang)(dang)地播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)直(zhi)接影響(xiang)。水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)與其(qi)他類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)相比較，其(qi)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)溫(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求更高(gao)，當(dang)(dang)地表溫(wen)(wen)度高(gao)于(yu)(yu)8℃時(shi)(shi)才可以(yi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)[1]。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)時(shi)(shi)應當(dang)(dang)重視天氣所(suo)(suo)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化，以(yi)此(ci)(ci)來確(que)保溫(wen)(wen)度能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)滿(man)足播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。當(dang)(dang)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)結束之后(hou)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)還應當(dang)(dang)在(zai)其(qi)表面(mian)上覆蓋0.8cm厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養土，不(bu)僅能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)提(ti)供(gong)所(suo)(suo)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養，還能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)保障種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)在(zai)生(sheng)長時(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度。需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度，既不(bu)可過于(yu)(yu)稀疏，也不(bu)可過于(yu)(yu)緊密，否則都(dou)會影響(xiang)到(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)。2.2科(ke)學(xue)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)。傳統農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)已經無法(fa)滿(man)足當(dang)(dang)下農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)需(xu)(xu)求，如果農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)根(gen)據種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)類型(xing)(xing)改變(bian)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，那么將(jiang)會直(zhi)接影響(xiang)到(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)，喪(sang)失(shi)了新(xin)型(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)本身(shen)所(suo)(suo)具有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。面(mian)對(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)，研究(jiu)人(ren)員將(jiang)新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)教給農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)，其(qi)根(gen)據研究(jiu)人(ren)員所(suo)(suo)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)進(jin)(jin)行灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)即可，如此(ci)(ci)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)保障灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學(xue)性，從(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)實現(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)[2]。例如，當(dang)(dang)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)長到(dao)施(shi)(shi)加(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)形(xing)時(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)便需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)其(qi)進(jin)(jin)行淺(qian)水(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)，該灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)確(que)保土壤中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)施(shi)(shi)加(jia)到(dao)每(mei)棵(ke)植(zhi)株上。當(dang)(dang)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)將(jiang)所(suo)(suo)有水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)都(dou)吸干(gan)之后(hou)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)便對(dui)(dui)其(qi)進(jin)(jin)行曬(shai)臺(tai)處理。在(zai)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)抽穗(sui)前15d，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)應當(dang)(dang)選擇“干(gan)濕交替”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，其(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)促進(jin)(jin)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)根(gen)莖(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長。當(dang)(dang)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)處于(yu)(yu)當(dang)(dang)抽穗(sui)期(qi)時(shi)(shi)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)則需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)等到(dao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)田內水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)干(gan)涸以(yi)后(hou)再進(jin)(jin)行灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)，待(dai)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)成熟以(yi)后(hou)再將(jiang)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)田內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)排(pai)干(gan)。當(dang)(dang)科(ke)學(xue)進(jin)(jin)行灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)以(yi)后(hou)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)滿(man)足水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)在(zai)各個時(shi)(shi)期(qi)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求，從(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)提(ti)高(gao)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)。2.3合理施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)言(yan)，病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)影響(xiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)因素之一(yi)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)想實現(xian)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)，首(shou)先需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防治工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，而(er)(er)合理施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)防治病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效手段(duan)[3]。例如，一(yi)般病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)都(dou)發(fa)生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)陰雨天晴之后(hou)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)則要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)重視施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)處理。如果在(zai)陰雨天之前就已經噴灑(sa)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)則要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)行二(er)次噴藥(yao)，其(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)避免由于(yu)(yu)陰雨天將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)沖刷干(gan)凈而(er)(er)導致病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)。與此(ci)(ci)同時(shi)(shi)，不(bu)僅需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)地面(mian)上部農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)行防治，還需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做好(hao)地下施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為很多病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)根(gen)部開始發(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

總之，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業對(dui)于一個國家(jia)的發展(zhan)而言是至關(guan)重要的，而且我(wo)國人口(kou)數量(liang)(liang)龐(pang)大，而人均(jun)耕(geng)地面積非常少，所以提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)便成了廣大農(nong)(nong)(nong)民與(yu)相關(guan)研(yan)究人員需要重點思考的問題(ti)。因此(ci)，我(wo)國研(yan)究人員需要對(dui)種(zhong)子不斷進行(xing)研(yan)究，并研(yan)究出不同種(zhong)子類型的高(gao)產(chan)栽培技術，以便能(neng)夠提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)的產(chan)量(liang)(liang)。本文針對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業種(zhong)子栽培相關(guan)內容進行(xing)分析(xi)，希(xi)望(wang)能(neng)夠促使高(gao)產(chan)栽培技術得到廣泛應用，全(quan)面提(ti)高(gao)我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)業產(chan)量(liang)(liang)。

參考文獻：

[1]石荃(quan).淺析農業種子的高(gao)產(chan)栽培技(ji)術(shu)[J].種子科技(ji)，2019，37（1）：58.

[2]陳日剛.探討農業種(zhong)子(zi)的高產栽培技(ji)術[J].種(zhong)子(zi)科技(ji)，2019，37（4）：68，71.

[3]趙家仙.玉米制種及(ji)高產栽培技(ji)術分析(xi)[J].中國農業信(xin)息，2015（5）：21.

作者:張(zhang)芊 單位:唐山市食品(pin)藥品(pin)綜合(he)檢驗(yan)檢測中心