導語(yu)：高(gao)校古(gu)典(dian)舞蹈教學模式分析(xi)一(yi)文(wen)來(lai)源于網友上傳，不(bu)代表本(ben)站觀點，若(ruo)需(xu)要原創文(wen)章可咨詢(xun)客(ke)服老師，歡迎參考。

我國具有深厚的舞蹈文化，傳統的舞蹈代表我國不同時期的藝術發展形式，是我國歷史文化中的重要瑰寶。古典舞在我國高校發展中有舉足輕重的地位。北京舞蹈學院是我國古典舞(wu)教(jiao)學(xue)的代(dai)表院(yuan)校(xiao)之一，經過長期(qi)的古(gu)典舞(wu)教(jiao)學(xue)模式探究(jiu)，通過改革(ge)現有的教(jiao)學(xue)模式和教(jiao)學(xue)系統，我(wo)國古(gu)典舞(wu)教(jiao)學(xue)發展光大。

一、高校古典舞蹈教學的概述

中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)開(kai)展古(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)研究最早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)校是北京(jing)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)，從1980年開(kai)始設立對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)活動(dong)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)系統性地(di)研究古(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，將(jiang)其(qi)融入(ru)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)中(zhong)，用(yong)(yong)實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研成(cheng)果(guo)展示(shi)古(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)突(tu)破。北京(jing)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)資深(shen)學(xue)(xue)者與(yu)專(zhuan)家(jia)花費10年時(shi)間，逐步將(jiang)原有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)基礎性古(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)轉為(wei)高(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育方(fang)(fang)向，并在(zai)此(ci)期(qi)間培育了一批優秀的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師，他們曾(ceng)為(wei)古(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)發展做出(chu)(chu)(chu)突(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)貢獻。自此(ci)以后(hou)，其(qi)他院(yuan)(yuan)校在(zai)北京(jing)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)下(xia)開(kai)設古(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)專(zhuan)業(ye)，為(wei)古(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)發展做出(chu)(chu)(chu)突(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)貢獻。現今古(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)已然是高(gao)校舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)活動(dong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)重要組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)分，其(qi)中(zhong)不(bu)僅融匯(hui)幾代舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)人的(de)(de)(de)努力，更(geng)是將(jiang)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)傳統舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)發揚光大的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效途徑，為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)培育高(gao)素質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)人才。古(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)將(jiang)我國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)代文(wen)化生活更(geng)好地(di)彰顯出(chu)(chu)(chu)來(lai)(lai)，不(bu)僅通(tong)(tong)過(guo)肢體(ti)展示(shi)當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)形式，還通(tong)(tong)過(guo)肢體(ti)語言向世人傳遞中(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)明，所有(you)(you)古(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)具有(you)(you)較(jiao)為(wei)深(shen)刻的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化內涵，其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)每(mei)(mei)個(ge)動(dong)作(zuo)都(dou)有(you)(you)深(shen)意，每(mei)(mei)個(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)步都(dou)要表達情感(gan)。古(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)是能在(zai)潛移默(mo)化中(zhong)影響每(mei)(mei)一個(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者，如敦煌舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)沒有(you)(you)專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)資料，很(hen)多(duo)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)動(dong)作(zuo)都(dou)是從敦煌的(de)(de)(de)壁畫(hua)上臨摹下(xia)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)，這就要求舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者將(jiang)固定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)作(zuo)進行(xing)流暢組(zu)(zu)合，每(mei)(mei)個(ge)動(dong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)渡都(dou)要具有(you)(you)承(cheng)上啟下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。

二(er)、構建(jian)古(gu)典(dian)舞的教學模式

1.現(xian)存的古典(dian)舞教學模式

（1）銜(xian)(xian)接(jie)型古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)活動中(zhong)銜(xian)(xian)接(jie)型教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)模式(shi)是關(guan)鍵，該(gai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)模式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)是讓藝術(shu)院校中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)和高等(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)進(jin)行系統性銜(xian)(xian)接(jie)。簡而言之，即具有中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)專業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)基(ji)礎，能(neng)適應高等(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)模式(shi)。該(gai)類教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)特點(dian)是：完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科建設(she)、雄厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)師資、穩(wen)(wen)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科研水(shui)平、較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素養。（2）創(chuang)作型古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)模式(shi)關(guan)于古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發展(zhan)方向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)集中(zhong)在(zai)古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)劇目(mu)創(chuang)作研究和表(biao)演形(xing)(xing)式(shi)研究，通(tong)過(guo)這兩(liang)點(dian)能(neng)衡量教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)水(shui)平。隨著時代進(jin)步與發展(zhan)，永不停歇地(di)進(jin)行創(chuang)新(xin)才是這個時展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵所(suo)在(zai)，也(ye)是真理所(suo)在(zai)。高校開展(zhan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)活動要(yao)有雄厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資金作支撐，通(tong)過(guo)不間斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)活動讓發展(zhan)更平穩(wen)(wen)。近幾年，很多(duo)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)劇目(mu)涌現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)出來(lai)，它們具有特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)編排(pai)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)和表(biao)達(da)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師通(tong)過(guo)創(chuang)新(xin)古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)編排(pai)方式(shi)提升自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)編排(pai)能(neng)力，訓練學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)用肢體(ti)語言表(biao)達(da)情感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力，使學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)契合古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文化(hua)對古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人物表(biao)達(da)和文化(hua)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上有新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突(tu)破(po)。很多(duo)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師推(tui)陳出新(xin)，將古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)與現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)或者(zhe)街舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)結合在(zai)一(yi)起，創(chuang)造新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)，通(tong)過(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)詮釋(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代，通(tong)過(guo)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代解(jie)讀(du)古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)與古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配合可謂(wei)相得益(yi)彰，為古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)添磚加瓦。

2.通過傳統文化(hua)(hua)教育深化(hua)(hua)古典(dian)舞(wu)的舞(wu)蹈精(jing)神

我國舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)事業發展(zhan)要(yao)(yao)契合時代變(bian)化(hua)發展(zhan)。高(gao)校在(zai)(zai)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)進(jin)程中(zhong)應適度地(di)對(dui)學(xue)生(sheng)滲透傳統文化(hua)元素(su)，通(tong)過傳統文化(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滲入(ru)(ru)，學(xue)生(sheng)結合自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知(zhi)理(li)念和認(ren)知(zhi)水平，感(gan)悟(wu)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)作品的(de)(de)(de)(de)精髓所(suo)在(zai)(zai)，舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)動(dong)力得到提(ti)升。例如，開展(zhan)民(min)族舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)若單純地(di)依靠課上(shang)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)演練(lian)，學(xue)生(sheng)只能學(xue)習舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)動(dong)作，不能深化(hua)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)理(li)念和舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)精髓，機械性動(dong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)達只能是舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“外殼(ke)”，不能真正表(biao)達舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“靈魂”。教(jiao)(jiao)師要(yao)(yao)多(duo)(duo)帶領學(xue)生(sheng)收(shou)(shou)集(ji)民(min)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)素(su)材，多(duo)(duo)用心感(gan)悟(wu)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)，如在(zai)(zai)表(biao)演河(he)南(nan)民(min)間舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，里面有(you)一個(ge)動(dong)作是表(biao)示人們豐收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)快樂，用敲花鼓(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式以(yi)(yi)示慶祝(zhu)(zhu)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)編排就要(yao)(yao)加入(ru)(ru)敲鼓(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)作。但很多(duo)(duo)學(xue)生(sheng)不理(li)解這個(ge)動(dong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)源，對(dui)這個(ge)小動(dong)作重(zhong)視(shi)不夠(gou)，只是機械地(di)模仿。基于(yu)此，教(jiao)(jiao)師應使用多(duo)(duo)媒體為學(xue)生(sheng)播(bo)放(fang)豐收(shou)(shou)后人們慶祝(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)場景，讓學(xue)生(sheng)切實(shi)地(di)感(gan)受(shou)到農民(min)豐收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)喜悅之情，學(xue)生(sheng)在(zai)(zai)跳(tiao)這個(ge)動(dong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，不自覺地(di)將豐收(shou)(shou)喜悅的(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)情融入(ru)(ru)其中(zhong)，整個(ge)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)境也(ye)就顯現出來(lai)了(le)。

三、結束語

高(gao)校古典舞的(de)構建需要契合(he)實(shi)(shi)際，從(cong)高(gao)校的(de)實(shi)(shi)際發(fa)展狀況入手，結合(he)當地的(de)人(ren)文環(huan)境和風(feng)土(tu)人(ren)情、歷史文化等內容，編(bian)排(pai)具有當地特色(se)的(de)古典舞蹈(dao)，構建高(gao)校古典舞的(de)教(jiao)學新模式。

作者(zhe):劉美斯(si) 單位:沈陽大(da)學

參考文獻：

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