導(dao)語(yu)：小斷(duan)面(mian)長距(ju)離水工隧洞(dong)施(shi)工技術(shu)探(tan)討一文(wen)來源于網友上傳，不代表本站觀點，若需要(yao)原(yuan)創文(wen)章可咨詢客服(fu)老(lao)師，歡迎參(can)考。

摘要：由于小斷面長距離水工隧洞受施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)空間影響，在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)際施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中無法進(jin)行開挖(wa)(wa)、襯(chen)砌平行施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，因此本文針對小(xiao)斷面(mian)長距離(li)水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隧洞工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的具體施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情況(kuang)，以實(shi)(shi)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程為例(li)，分析了水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隧洞先行開挖(wa)(wa)初期支護，在(zai)(zai)隧洞貫(guan)通之(zhi)后(hou)再(zai)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)混凝土襯(chen)砌的方法。

關鍵詞：小斷面；長距離；水工隧洞；施工技術；混凝土襯砌

本文(wen)以甘肅引(yin)洮供水(shui)二(er)(er)期主體工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)63標(biao)(biao)為例(li)，著重探析(xi)小斷(duan)面、長(chang)距(ju)離(li)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝。引(yin)洮二(er)(er)期施(shi)工(gong)(gong)63標(biao)(biao)包括隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、倒虹(hong)吸、直斗節制閘等多種建(jian)筑物，而隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)本標(biao)(biao)段極為重要的管控工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，總體長(chang)度(du)為14.7km，斷(duan)面尺寸(cun)為1.6m×1.923m，隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)圍巖以砂質(zhi)泥巖結構為主，基于銑挖(wa)機掘進(jin)(jin)法實施(shi)作(zuo)業，根據實際施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的開(kai)展情況應(ying)用(yong)相應(ying)設(she)備(bei)，強化(hua)提升工(gong)(gong)序生產(chan)力以及(ji)設(she)備(bei)利用(yong)率，進(jin)(jin)行小斷(duan)面長(chang)距(ju)離(li)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)設(she)，達到隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)。

1施工(gong)工(gong)期和工(gong)程(cheng)特征(zheng)

1.1施工工期

由(you)于隧洞工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)距離比較長，本項目(mu)的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)為(wei)33個月，工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)安(an)排較為(wei)緊張，同(tong)時施工(gong)(gong)(gong)任(ren)務也較重。

1.2工程特征

此(ci)項水工隧(sui)洞(dong)的施工特征(zheng)較(jiao)(jiao)為突出，斷面較(jiao)(jiao)小，且距離較(jiao)(jiao)長，通(tong)風情(qing)況不(bu)佳，機械作業的空間有限。施工現(xian)場有較(jiao)(jiao)為豐(feng)富(fu)的地下水，施工難度比較(jiao)(jiao)大，同時因為隧(sui)洞(dong)距離較(jiao)(jiao)長，工期緊張(zhang)，影響施工作業的因素比較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)，施工作業的實際開展受(shou)到很大影響[1]。

2施工方案與方法

在水工(gong)(gong)隧(sui)洞的(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，其(qi)斷面較小，作業(ye)空間不足，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)難度非常大，導(dao)致(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)作量的(de)(de)增(zeng)加。因(yin)此在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)作業(ye)過程中(zhong)，需要根據水工(gong)(gong)隧(sui)洞工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)況，增(zeng)加機(ji)械化施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術的(de)(de)應用，以確保工(gong)(gong)程如期(qi)完成。

2.1施工方案

由于本工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)隧(sui)洞(dong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)斷(duan)面較(jiao)小(xiao)，且距離較(jiao)長，需要(yao)(yao)使(shi)用軸流風機(ji)進行(xing)接(jie)力式(shi)的(de)通風。為(wei)了(le)確保(bao)隧(sui)洞(dong)開挖(wa)(wa)(wa)過程(cheng)中能夠對圍巖進行(xing)合(he)理(li)管控(kong)，采(cai)用銑挖(wa)(wa)(wa)機(ji)掘進施工(gong)(gong)技術，對隧(sui)洞(dong)進行(xing)有效(xiao)開挖(wa)(wa)(wa)。由于斷(duan)面較(jiao)小(xiao)，施工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業(ye)操作(zuo)比較(jiao)困難，所以為(wei)了(le)確保(bao)施工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業(ye)質量，可使(shi)用小(xiao)型三輪自卸(xie)汽車進行(xing)運輸。因(yin)為(wei)水工(gong)(gong)隧(sui)道斷(duan)面較(jiao)小(xiao)，無法進行(xing)平(ping)行(xing)作(zuo)業(ye)，因(yin)此需要(yao)(yao)對圍巖進行(xing)有效(xiao)支護。

2.2施工方法

在進(jin)(jin)(jin)行開(kai)挖(wa)時，首先(xian)要明確(que)進(jin)(jin)(jin)尺(chi)，為(wei)水工(gong)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)挖(wa)掘(jue)施工(gong)提(ti)供(gong)參數(shu)。銑挖(wa)機(ji)掘(jue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)作(zuo)業的理(li)想深度(du)是由水工(gong)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)的寬度(du)決定(ding)(ding)的，因此以實(shi)際水工(gong)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)的寬度(du)確(que)定(ding)(ding)進(jin)(jin)(jin)尺(chi)深度(du)。確(que)定(ding)(ding)好進(jin)(jin)(jin)尺(chi)深度(du)后根據要求(qiu)(qiu)實(shi)施開(kai)挖(wa)。合理(li)的銑挖(wa)機(ji)掘(jue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)方案設計能夠(gou)為(wei)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)挖(wa)掘(jue)速度(du)提(ti)供(gong)保證(zheng)。通(tong)風(feng)(feng)問題是小斷(duan)面(mian)長距離水工(gong)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)有序施工(gong)作(zuo)業的關鍵(jian)，為(wei)了滿足(zu)施工(gong)方案的要求(qiu)(qiu)，保持連續通(tong)風(feng)(feng)，一定(ding)(ding)要使用滿足(zu)方案要求(qiu)(qiu)的通(tong)風(feng)(feng)管實(shi)施接(jie)力通(tong)風(feng)(feng)，為(wei)水工(gong)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)工(gong)程的施工(gong)作(zuo)業提(ti)供(gong)優質的通(tong)風(feng)(feng)條件[2]。

3水工隧洞工程施工中關(guan)鍵技術

3.1施工通風

小斷面(mian)(mian)長距離(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水工(gong)隧洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)程施工(gong)中(zhong)，最(zui)難解決的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)問題。隧洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)需要(yao)(yao)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)，依據(ju)隧洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)最(zui)多能夠承受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人員數量(liang)、洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內最(zui)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速、洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內出渣(zha)車、銑挖機(ji)(ji)掘進(jin)(jin)(jin)等(deng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)最(zui)大(da)供(gong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)計算。在(zai)對(dui)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)設備(bei)(bei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，因為隧洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)斷面(mian)(mian)過小，直(zhi)徑太大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)管(guan)會對(dui)設備(bei)(bei)作業(ye)和(he)運(yun)輸產生影(ying)響，直(zhi)徑較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)管(guan)會產生大(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)阻，嚴重影(ying)響供(gong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)以及供(gong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)距離(li)(li)，機(ji)(ji)械設備(bei)(bei)需要(yao)(yao)滿足配套作業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求。綜(zong)合(he)性考量(liang)之下，可使用(yong)(yong)Ф400mm規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)筒(tong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率是(shi)15kW，供(gong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)是(shi)200m3/min，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)筒(tong)材質(zhi)為布質(zhi)，能夠起(qi)到更加良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)作用(yong)(yong)。在(zai)對(dui)施工(gong)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)設備(bei)(bei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)安(an)裝(zhuang)時，一定要(yao)(yao)確保安(an)裝(zhuang)位(wei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)理性，這樣才能夠獲得(de)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)成(cheng)效(xiao)。在(zai)所有(you)隧洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)安(an)裝(zhuang)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)設備(bei)(bei)，設備(bei)(bei)從洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內時不(bu)能有(you)折角與轉彎，這樣才能保證通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)順(shun)(shun)暢。實際(ji)安(an)裝(zhuang)中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)保持風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)筒(tong)平順(shun)(shun)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)筒(tong)截面(mian)(mian)一定要(yao)(yao)完整(zheng)，如果存在(zai)破損的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)，要(yao)(yao)使用(yong)(yong)專業(ye)膠水實施粘(zhan)結(jie)，不(bu)可使用(yong)(yong)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)膠水粘(zhan)結(jie)。通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)筒(tong)在(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)送風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，要(yao)(yao)確保送風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)與掌子面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離(li)(li)超過15m，接力通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)中(zhong)，后邊風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)高于前面(mian)(mian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)，且不(bu)能同前面(mian)(mian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)筒(tong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)直(zhi)接連(lian)接，間隔(ge)距離(li)(li)一般要(yao)(yao)保證在(zai)30～50m。

3.2銑挖機掘進

銑(xian)(xian)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)機(ji)自行(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)到掌子面(mian)(mian)實(shi)施開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)過程(cheng)當(dang)中根據(ju)斷面(mian)(mian)種類的不同對(dui)(dui)開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)旋(xuan)轉半(ban)徑進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)調整(zheng)，降低(di)超挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)或者(zhe)欠挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)等(deng)(deng)問(wen)題。為了能(neng)夠提升(sheng)開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)速(su)度，在實(shi)際(ji)開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)過程(cheng)當(dang)中，開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)到隧洞軸(zhou)線位置(zhi)(zhi)的土方(fang)時(shi)(shi)，將掌子面(mian)(mian)軸(zhou)線位置(zhi)(zhi)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)成凹槽，槽口寬度和銑(xian)(xian)刀寬度等(deng)(deng)同，深度方(fang)面(mian)(mian)大概40～50cm。槽口完(wan)成之后(hou)，可遵(zun)照(zhao)斷面(mian)(mian)的尺寸朝(chao)兩側方(fang)向(xiang)對(dui)(dui)巖(yan)土進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)旋(xuan)轉切(qie)削(xue)(xue)，如果遇到比較(jiao)(jiao)堅硬的巖(yan)土，可先(xian)對(dui)(dui)強度較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)的一側進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)，形(xing)成槽口，之后(hou)逐(zhu)漸朝(chao)向(xiang)兩側實(shi)施旋(xuan)轉切(qie)削(xue)(xue)，切(qie)削(xue)(xue)的過程(cheng)當(dang)中可對(dui)(dui)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)速(su)度進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)適當(dang)調整(zheng)。完(wan)成了斷面(mian)(mian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)作(zuo)業(ye)之后(hou)，要求及(ji)時(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)斷面(mian)(mian)尺寸進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)測(ce)量、處(chu)理，對(dui)(dui)開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)程(cheng)度不足的位置(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)欠挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)處(chu)理，并且在后(hou)續循環(huan)銑(xian)(xian)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)作(zuo)業(ye)過程(cheng)當(dang)中，根據(ju)銑(xian)(xian)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)成效、現場(chang)具體情況等(deng)(deng)逐(zhu)步對(dui)(dui)施工(gong)(gong)參(can)數與施工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序等(deng)(deng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)完(wan)善，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)銑(xian)(xian)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)作(zuo)業(ye)方(fang)案、技術工(gong)(gong)藝等(deng)(deng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)，最后(hou)歸納出切(qie)實(shi)合理、詳盡完(wan)善的施工(gong)(gong)技術方(fang)案，實(shi)施開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)作(zuo)業(ye)。同時(shi)(shi)要在完(wan)成開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)作(zuo)業(ye)之后(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)檢查(cha)，為后(hou)續施工(gong)(gong)提供(gong)必要的參(can)數數據(ju)。

3.3水泥基藥卷(juan)錨桿

在小(xiao)斷面(mian)長(chang)距(ju)離水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隧洞(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)，水泥基(ji)藥卷錨(mao)桿采用(yong)手風鉆進(jin)(jin)行(xing)鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，在對錨(mao)桿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)開(kai)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)操作之前一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)嚴謹細致的(de)測量，基(ji)于設計(ji)方(fang)案(an)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求對需(xu)要(yao)(yao)開(kai)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)位(wei)置進(jin)(jin)行(xing)標(biao)記，錨(mao)桿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)本身的(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)軸依據(ju)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)相關(guan)要(yao)(yao)求實(shi)(shi)施(shi)開(kai)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)和開(kai)挖面(mian)保持垂直。錨(mao)桿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)深度(du)方(fang)面(mian)，一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)遵照設計(ji)方(fang)案(an)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)相關(guan)規定(ding)，用(yong)高壓風實(shi)(shi)施(shi)沖(chong)洗處理，將錨(mao)桿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)清掃干凈(jing)，保證(zheng)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)沒有石粉。在進(jin)(jin)行(xing)砂(sha)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)時候，要(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)濃度(du)較高的(de)砂(sha)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，砂(sha)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)配合比要(yao)(yao)依據(ju)現場原位(wei)實(shi)(shi)驗進(jin)(jin)行(xing)明確與應用(yong)，同時一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)秉承(cheng)隨(sui)辦(ban)隨(sui)用(yong)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)原則(ze)，對超過初凝時間的(de)藥卷進(jin)(jin)行(xing)報廢處理。使(shi)用(yong)止漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塞(sai)讓砂(sha)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)更為堅固，這樣能夠保證(zheng)其可以承(cheng)受得(de)住錨(mao)桿上、錨(mao)桿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)塞(sai)滿水泥基(ji)藥卷之后(hou)的(de)重量要(yao)(yao)求。

3.4混凝土(tu)二次(ci)襯砌(qi)

在進(jin)行混(hun)凝土二次(ci)襯(chen)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)工作(zuo)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，要(yao)(yao)使(shi)用自行式(shi)液壓襯(chen)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)臺(tai)車(che)進(jin)行襯(chen)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)，同(tong)時要(yao)(yao)配備專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗側偏千斤(jin)頂(ding)，襯(chen)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)工以前要(yao)(yao)在隧(sui)洞拱(gong)部位(wei)(wei)置上頂(ding)上抗浮(fu)千斤(jin)頂(ding)，避免出現防(fang)(fang)水板與襯(chen)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)產生損(sun)壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，同(tong)時千斤(jin)頂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)端(duan)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)。從振搗(dao)、排氣以及抗浮(fu)等諸多因素考量工作(zuo)窗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設置，為了(le)確保(bao)頂(ding)拱(gong)封(feng)堵(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密實(shi)性(xing)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)在頂(ding)部位(wei)(wei)置上設計(ji)3個封(feng)口器，對(dui)頂(ding)拱(gong)進(jin)行密實(shi)封(feng)堵(du)。臺(tai)車(che)方面需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)使(shi)用2套(tao)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置：液壓收支(zhi)、絲桿頂(ding)升(sheng)，強(qiang)化提(ti)升(sheng)臺(tai)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈活性(xing)與可靠性(xing)。實(shi)際施(shi)工作(zuo)業(ye)中，為了(le)規避模板產生變(bian)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，鋼模需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)使(shi)用8mm厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼板，這樣既能(neng)(neng)強(qiang)化提(ti)升(sheng)結構整體性(xing)，更(geng)能(neng)(neng)夠滿足其(qi)防(fang)(fang)水要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。

4結束語

水(shui)(shui)工(gong)隧洞屬(shu)于水(shui)(shui)利(li)項目工(gong)程(cheng)中的(de)關鍵(jian)組成部分(fen)，對其施工(gong)技(ji)術進行探究(jiu)與分(fen)析是非常(chang)關鍵(jian)的(de)。小斷面長距離(li)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)隧洞工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)要根據(ju)實際情況選擇施工(gong)工(gong)藝，同時要選擇合理有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)機械設備(bei)，比(bi)如(ru)銑挖機。基(ji)于此，進行科學而(er)合理的(de)施工(gong)作(zuo)業。在進行作(zuo)業時，要確保施工(gong)技(ji)術的(de)安(an)全(quan)性、環保性以(yi)及(ji)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)性，以(yi)此保證工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)順利(li)開展，保證施工(gong)質量和成效(xiao)(xiao)。

參考文獻

[1]張劍飛.淺談長(chang)距(ju)離小斷面隧道施工技術要點[J].四川建筑,2019(2):295-297.

[2]錢鋒.大灣(wan)引(yin)水工(gong)程長距離隧洞施工(gong)通風、排(pai)水、用電技術[J].河北(bei)企(qi)業,2018(5):149-150.

作者：李龍 單位(wei)：甘肅省水利(li)水電工程局有限責任公司(si)