導語：淺談施工方案對施工成本(ben)的影響一文(wen)來源(yuan)于(yu)網友上傳，不代(dai)表本(ben)站觀點，若需要原創文(wen)章可咨(zi)詢客服老師，歡迎參考。

【摘要】結合我國北部近海某陸域形成工程中的優化袋裝砂堤心施工方案的案例，簡述施工企業做好施工項目過程中的方案優化對提高企業利潤的重要性。以期通過優化施工方案，來降低施工成本。

【關鍵(jian)詞(ci)】優化方(fang)案；降低成本(ben)；提高效(xiao)益

1引言

降低施工成本，提高經濟效益，是每個施工企業必須考慮的問題。施工成本是指在工程項目的施工過程中所發生的全部生產費用的總和，包括人工費、材料費、機械費以及管理費等。因此，降低施工成本的途徑和方法是多方面的，比如，減少人員窩工現象，降低人工成本；減少材料損耗，提高材料使用率；縮短機械閑置時間，提高機械使用率；節省各種管理費用開支等。在其他條件都相同的情況下，施工方案的優劣將是影響施(shi)(shi)工企業獲得利潤的(de)關(guan)鍵，特(te)別是水運工程行業，尤其是在(zai)海上施(shi)(shi)工，所處的(de)環境條件非常(chang)復雜(za)，風浪、潮汐的(de)影(ying)響，給(gei)施(shi)(shi)工帶來了諸(zhu)多難度。因此，合(he)理優化施(shi)(shi)工方案，有利于降低工程成本，提(ti)高企業經濟效益，增(zeng)強企業競爭能力。

2項目簡介

北部灣近海(hai)某陸域(yu)(yu)形(xing)成(cheng)工(gong)程陸域(yu)(yu)面積(ji)約40hm2，護(hu)岸總(zong)(zong)長2560m，主要(yao)施(shi)工(gong)內(nei)容包(bao)括1767.8m斜坡(po)式護(hu)岸、222.2m直立(li)式護(hu)岸、570m袋裝(zhuang)砂筑堤(di)以及5.06×106m3港池(chi)清理及陸域(yu)(yu)形(xing)成(cheng)吹填等內(nei)容。根(gen)據(ju)業主工(gong)期(qi)(qi)要(yao)求(qiu)，該工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)期(qi)(qi)為(wei)9個月，分(fen)2個節(jie)(jie)點完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)：第一節(jie)(jie)點，在(zai)6個月內(nei)要(yao)確保業主吹填用地處(chu)理完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)；第二節(jie)(jie)點，在(zai)9個月內(nei)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)所剩余的分(fen)項(xiang)。該工(gong)程工(gong)序繁多，因此(ci)，總(zong)(zong)體(ti)工(gong)期(qi)(qi)非常地緊迫。其中，袋裝(zhuang)砂堤(di)心位于該工(gong)程西側(ce)，全長為(wei)570m。堤(di)頂寬度為(wei)4m，堤(di)底(di)寬度為(wei)34m，外側(ce)坡(po)比為(wei)1∶2，內(nei)側(ce)坡(po)比為(wei)1∶1，兩(liang)側(ce)與斜坡(po)護(hu)岸的接口處(chu)坡(po)比均為(wei)1∶1（見圖1），充(chong)填總(zong)(zong)量為(wei)1.082×105m3。充(chong)填袋采用土工(gong)布(bu)(bu)加(jia)工(gong)而成(cheng)，土工(gong)布(bu)(bu)規格(ge)230g/m2，共需(xu)要(yao)42507m2。

3袋裝砂堤心(xin)施工方案的優化

3.1原投(tou)(tou)標(biao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)———鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)。投(tou)(tou)標(biao)時(shi)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)計中(zhong)袋(dai)裝砂堤(di)心采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)“鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)”。鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術機(ji)械化程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)高，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人力(li)少(shao)，且船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)(shang)配(pei)備(bei)有GPS定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)儀，無(wu)須人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高，平均每(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)可(ke)充填(tian)砂袋(dai)200m3。同時(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)安全(quan)可(ke)靠，在(zai)風浪(lang)稍大時(shi)，穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)(hao)，對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)影響(xiang)小(xiao)(xiao)，仍可(ke)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量效(xiao)(xiao)果較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)(hao)，但(dan)(dan)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。3.2優化原因(yin)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)標(biao)后(hou)，結(jie)合(he)(he)該(gai)(gai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現場實(shi)(shi)際(ji)情(qing)況，本(ben)(ben)著履(lv)行(xing)“合(he)(he)同”義務的(de)(de)(de)(de)宗旨(zhi)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)在(zai)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)編制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步深(shen)(shen)化，并進(jin)(jin)行(xing)多方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，選擇科學、合(he)(he)理、可(ke)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)，存(cun)在(zai)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)不足(zu)(zu)與局限。首先(xian)，鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)調(diao)遣費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)及(ji)(ji)租賃費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高。由(you)于市場上(shang)(shang)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)數量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)，經前期(qi)市場調(diao)查，距該(gai)(gai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最近的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)艘鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)調(diao)遣費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)約(yue)為(wei)30萬元(yuan)(yuan)，外(wai)(wai)加租賃費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)約(yue)150萬元(yuan)(yuan)/月(yue)(yue)（含燃油(you)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)），袋(dai)裝砂堤(di)心施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)按(an)3個(ge)月(yue)(yue)計算(suan)，則(ze)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)為(wei)160萬元(yuan)(yuan)/月(yue)(yue)，成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高。其(qi)次，鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)必(bi)須達到4m以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，方(fang)(fang)能(neng)滿(man)足(zu)(zu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需求(qiu)。受該(gai)(gai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所在(zai)海域水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文條件(jian)(jian)(jian)和波浪(lang)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，其(qi)平均潮(chao)(chao)差為(wei)2.45m，低(di)潮(chao)(chao)時(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)僅(jin)約(yue)2m，而漲潮(chao)(chao)歷(li)時(shi)15h，落潮(chao)(chao)歷(li)時(shi)約(yue)10h，因(yin)此(ci)，鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)須趕潮(chao)(chao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業（見(jian)圖2）。而在(zai)此(ci)環境及(ji)(ji)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)下施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)天內滿(man)足(zu)(zu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間為(wei)不足(zu)(zu)10h，對于本(ben)(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)緊(jin)張的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)，這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)難以(yi)滿(man)足(zu)(zu)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。3.3優化后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)架施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)。鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)架施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)成(cheng)熟，但(dan)(dan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)實(shi)(shi)例不多，其(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)靠人力(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，人力(li)資源投(tou)(tou)入(ru)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)人機(ji)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)密切地配(pei)合(he)(he)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般，平均每(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)充填(tian)砂袋(dai)150m3。但(dan)(dan)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)，在(zai)人員(yuan)機(ji)械費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業人員(yuan)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)20人的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)班(ban)組(zu)，人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)按(an)12萬元(yuan)(yuan)/月(yue)(yue)計算(suan)，外(wai)(wai)加鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)架的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)維(wei)修費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)及(ji)(ji)定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)租賃費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)合(he)(he)計約(yue)50萬元(yuan)(yuan)/月(yue)(yue)，則(ze)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)共(gong)計62萬元(yuan)(yuan)/月(yue)(yue)，總體施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)。在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)不大時(shi)，受潮(chao)(chao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)小(xiao)(xiao)，可(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業時(shi)間長，每(mei)天可(ke)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業時(shi)間在(zai)16h以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。但(dan)(dan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)架方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)受風浪(lang)影響(xiang)相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大，須配(pei)合(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)相(xiang)對欠佳。3.4方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。通過上(shang)(shang)述2種施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，結(jie)合(he)(he)該(gai)(gai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環境，最終(zhong)決定(ding)(ding)(ding)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)優化后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)架方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，詳細如表1所示(shi)。首先(xian)，現場水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文環境較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)適，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)不大，風浪(lang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)間不長，鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)架工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)能(neng)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)順利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。其(qi)次，該(gai)(gai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)袋(dai)裝砂堤(di)心水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)下施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)架施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)將有效(xiao)(xiao)節約(yue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。再(zai)次，可(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業時(shi)間長，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)緊(jin)張的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，保證安全(quan)及(ji)(ji)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下，能(neng)有效(xiao)(xiao)縮短工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)，將會大量節約(yue)機(ji)械使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，也為(wei)后(hou)續工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序爭取寶貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間。因(yin)此(ci)，不管(guan)是從經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)考慮，還是從進(jin)(jin)度(du)上(shang)(shang)考慮，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)架的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)均較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)理想(xiang)。

4結語

優化施(shi)工(gong)方(fang)案是施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位提高(gao)經濟效(xiao)益的(de)有(you)效(xiao)途徑之一。施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位還可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)加強(qiang)現(xian)場施(shi)工(gong)管(guan)(guan)理，加強(qiang)內部成本管(guan)(guan)理等方(fang)面(mian)挖掘潛力，提高(gao)項(xiang)目(mu)整體效(xiao)益。降低工(gong)程(cheng)成本很大程(cheng)度(du)上取決(jue)于現(xian)場的(de)有(you)效(xiao)管(guan)(guan)理。管(guan)(guan)理得好，項(xiang)目(mu)就盈利；管(guan)(guan)理混(hun)亂，項(xiang)目(mu)就虧損。如何(he)管(guan)(guan)理，采取什么樣的(de)管(guan)(guan)理方(fang)法(fa)，應(ying)根據每個項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)實(shi)際情況，制訂具有(you)針(zhen)對性(xing)的(de)、可(ke)操作性(xing)的(de)實(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案，責任(ren)到人，層(ceng)層(ceng)落實(shi)。只有(you)通(tong)過優化方(fang)案和(he)有(you)效(xiao)管(guan)(guan)控，施(shi)工(gong)成本才(cai)會得到有(you)效(xiao)控制。

【參考文獻】

【1】葉錦輝.淺談國有(you)施(shi)工企業(ye)項目成本管理[J].經濟師(shi),2012(4):245-247.

作者:李凱 單(dan)位:中鐵廣州工程局集團港航工程有(you)限公司(si)