導語：數字(zi)化加工集(ji)成管理發展(zhan)及展(zhan)望一(yi)文來源于網友上(shang)傳(chuan)，不代表本站觀點，若(ruo)需(xu)要原創文章可(ke)咨詢客服老師，歡迎(ying)參考。

摘要：數字化加工是數控加工發展的必然趨勢，數字化加工集成管理能有效打破加工過程信息孤島，實現信息共享和重用，從而降低信息化成本，提高產品研發效率。在對企業數字化加工集成管理現狀總結的基礎上，對全三維數字化設計制造、數字化加工業務流程管理、數字化加工系統集成等數字化加工集成管理未來的發展方向進行了分析和展望。

關鍵詞：數(shu)字化加(jia)工；集(ji)成管理；業務(wu)流程(cheng)

數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)技術(shu)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)使制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)得(de)到了(le)(le)革命性的(de)(de)改(gai)革，使制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)進(jin)(jin)入了(le)(le)嶄新的(de)(de)階段，數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)技術(shu)其以高效率(lv)、高精度(du)的(de)(de)技術(shu)特(te)性解決(jue)了(le)(le)普(pu)通(tong)機床無法(fa)解決(jue)的(de)(de)工藝結構復(fu)(fu)雜(za)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)機加(jia)工問(wen)題，使企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)水平不斷(duan)提高，取(qu)得(de)了(le)(le)優異的(de)(de)經濟效益[1]。然而(er)(er)，面對(dui)越來越復(fu)(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)零件數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)加(jia)工需求，單純的(de)(de)人工數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)編程遠遠無法(fa)滿足需求，計(ji)算機輔助制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)（ComputerAidedManufacturing）技術(shu)應運而(er)(er)生，數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)加(jia)工也由單一的(de)(de)車(che)間編程加(jia)工進(jin)(jin)入包含產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)造(zao)(zao)(zao)型至成品(pin)(pin)(pin)檢測在內的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)加(jia)工階段。機械產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)加(jia)工是一項復(fu)(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)過(guo)程，需要分(fen)布異地的(de)(de)多個廠(chang)所單位部門(men)參與、涉及(ji)多個專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)學科領域而(er)(er)且協同過(guo)程業(ye)(ye)(ye)務活動交互(hu)頻繁(fan)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)任務繁(fan)重而(er)(er)且周期短，其工藝設(she)計(ji)及(ji)管控(kong)的(de)(de)水平直(zhi)接影響著(zhu)最終的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)加(jia)工質量及(ji)效率(lv)。企業(ye)(ye)(ye)迫切(qie)需要整合(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)信息，對(dui)信息進(jin)(jin)行集中管理，打破加(jia)工過(guo)程信息孤(gu)島，實現共(gong)享(xiang)和重用(yong)，從(cong)而(er)(er)降低信息化(hua)(hua)成本，提高產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)效率(lv)。因此，有必要對(dui)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)加(jia)工集成管理問(wen)題進(jin)(jin)行探討。

1數字化加工集成管理(li)進展

數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，即在(zai)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)融(rong)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背景下(xia)，在(zai)虛擬現實(shi)、計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)(wang)絡、快速(su)原(yuan)(yuan)型、數據(ju)庫和(he)多(duo)媒體(ti)等(deng)(deng)支撐技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支持下(xia)，根據(ju)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求，迅速(su)收集(ji)(ji)(ji)資(zi)源信息(xi)，對(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)信息(xi)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)信息(xi)和(he)資(zi)源信息(xi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分析、規劃(hua)和(he)重組，實(shi)現對(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)功能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仿(fang)真(zhen)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)原(yuan)(yuan)型制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而快速(su)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出達到用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)要(yao)(yao)求性能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。某種程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)來說(shuo)，數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)向(xiang)上(shang)下(xia)游的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延伸。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)涉及(ji)(ji)CAD、CAE、CAM（前(qian)(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)）、后置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)仿(fang)真(zhen)、實(shi)際加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)檢測(ce)等(deng)(deng)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)及(ji)(ji)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)程(cheng)(cheng)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參與，在(zai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)信息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)背景下(xia)，集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)，是提高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)效(xiao)(xiao)率、保證(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)數據(ju)唯一(yi)(yi)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)途(tu)徑。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)，UG、CATIA、solidworks、PRO/E等(deng)(deng)CAD軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)均可(ke)(ke)出色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完成(cheng)(cheng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)三(san)維數模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建立，并通過(guo)ANSYS、Abaqus、Hyperworks、Adams等(deng)(deng)CAE軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)對(dui)(dui)結構進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，修改三(san)維數模(mo)后直接進(jin)(jin)(jin)入CAM模(mo)塊(kuai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)前(qian)(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)。前(qian)(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，即由三(san)維設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)模(mo)型生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)刀(dao)位文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)（APT/CL），目(mu)前(qian)(qian)已經(jing)非(fei)常成(cheng)(cheng)熟，當前(qian)(qian)廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)CAD/CAM軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)如UG，CATIA的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)CAM模(mo)塊(kuai)已經(jing)能夠滿足企(qi)(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求。后置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，即將(jiang)APT/CL文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)可(ke)(ke)識(shi)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)代(dai)碼文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)，高(gao)(gao)檔(dang)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)那(nei)發(fa)(fa)科、西門(men)(men)子、海德漢、馬扎克等(deng)(deng)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)均為封(feng)閉式(shi)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，無法(fa)識(shi)別(bie)CAM軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)只含刀(dao)尖點位置(zhi)(zhi)和(he)刀(dao)軸(zhou)矢(shi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)位文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，必(bi)須采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)IMSPost等(deng)(deng)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)后置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)針對(dui)(dui)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)特(te)點開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)后置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)器(qi)，將(jiang)刀(dao)位文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)可(ke)(ke)識(shi)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)G/M數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)代(dai)碼。由于(yu)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)和(he)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)樣性，導致(zhi)(zhi)了(le)后置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)器(qi)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜性。后置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)是目(mu)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)規劃(hua)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)環節，也(ye)(ye)是難(nan)點。隨(sui)著新(xin)型機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷出現，后置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)器(qi)及(ji)(ji)后置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)算(suan)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)在(zai)不斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)革新(xin)。總體(ti)來說(shuo)，后置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)雖然(ran)復雜，但(dan)(dan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)熟。四軸(zhou)、五軸(zhou)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，刀(dao)軸(zhou)矢(shi)量隨(sui)時變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)不合理(li)(li)(li)，很可(ke)(ke)能造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)過(guo)切、欠切、碰撞等(deng)(deng)問題，因此在(zai)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)實(shi)際加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)(qian)，必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)仿(fang)真(zhen)。在(zai)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)仿(fang)真(zhen)方(fang)面，目(mu)前(qian)(qian)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法(fa)是采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)美(mei)國CGTECH公司開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)級數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)仿(fang)真(zhen)軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)VERICUT進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)虛擬仿(fang)真(zhen)，驗證(zheng)后置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)NC程(cheng)(cheng)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正確性，并對(dui)(dui)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)程(cheng)(cheng)序進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)聯網(wang)(wang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，目(mu)前(qian)(qian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)已經(jing)非(fei)常成(cheng)(cheng)熟。雖然(ran)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)關鍵(jian)節點都已經(jing)有(you)了(le)比較(jiao)成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)及(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)備基礎，但(dan)(dan)是對(dui)(dui)于(yu)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)管控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)卻(que)缺乏有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手段。基于(yu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)及(ji)(ji)網(wang)(wang)絡技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，以(yi)提升生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效(xiao)(xiao)率、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)強管理(li)(li)(li)為目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關人員在(zai)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)面進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)。早(zao)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)集(ji)(ji)(ji)中在(zai)CAD/CAPP/CAM的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)，期望以(yi)CAPP作為CAD與CAM的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋梁，完成(cheng)(cheng)CAD與CAM的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)。然(ran)而，CAD/CAPP/CAM集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)模(mo)式(shi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)往往是：設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)部門(men)(men)將(jiang)三(san)維設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)模(mo)型投影(ying)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為二維工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)(tu)紙下(xia)發(fa)(fa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)部門(men)(men)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)部門(men)(men)為保證(zheng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)數據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確無誤，根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)(tu)再次(ci)建模(mo)，形成(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)模(mo)型，再通過(guo)CAM軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)完成(cheng)(cheng)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)。這種模(mo)式(shi)下(xia)，制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)信息(xi)來回(hui)轉(zhuan)換(huan)繁瑣(suo)且各部門(men)(men)間協作性、一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)性差，在(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)信息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，還可(ke)(ke)能會(hui)出現相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關人員識(shi)圖(tu)(tu)、制(zhi)(zhi)圖(tu)(tu)不準確導致(zhi)(zhi)偏離設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。但(dan)(dan)是由于(yu)其代(dai)替了(le)手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)圖(tu)(tu)，極大(da)地縮(suo)短(duan)了(le)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)周期、提高(gao)(gao)了(le)效(xiao)(xiao)率，不少中小型企(qi)(qi)業(ye)仍沿(yan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)至今。

2數字化加工集成管理技(ji)術發展(zhan)趨勢(shi)

2.1全(quan)三(san)維(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)三(san)維(wei)(wei)(wei)模(mo)(mo)型定(ding)(ding)義(yi)（ModelBasedDefinition，MBD），是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)定(ding)(ding)義(yi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)全(quan)三(san)維(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)模(mo)(mo)型為(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎，用(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)種集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)維(wei)(wei)(wei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)模(mo)(mo)型來完整(zheng)(zheng)表(biao)達產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)定(ding)(ding)義(yi)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)，從而(er)(er)(er)消(xiao)除或者減少2D圖(tu)紙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)，將(jiang)(jiang)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)和制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)共(gong)同(tong)定(ding)(ding)義(yi)到(dao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)模(mo)(mo)型中(zhong)(zhong)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)面(mian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)。它既能(neng)保(bao)證數(shu)(shu)(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)性，又能(neng)使(shi)三(san)維(wei)(wei)(wei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)模(mo)(mo)型作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)依(yi)據，這(zhe)(zhe)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)非常有(you)(you)(you)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。國(guo)外(wai)(wai)對此(ci)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究，并(bing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)。波音(yin)、空(kong)客等(deng)飛(fei)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)企(qi)業(ye)通過(guo)將(jiang)(jiang)MBD技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)飛(fei)機研(yan)發中(zhong)(zhong)，取得(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功。在波音(yin)787研(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，公司全(quan)面(mian)采用(yong)MBD技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，摒棄(qi)二(er)維(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)，建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)三(san)維(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)三(san)維(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)模(mo)(mo)型作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)研(yan)發全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命周(zhou)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據依(yi)據，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、零件(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、裝(zhuang)配與(yu)檢測的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度信(xin)(xin)息(xi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、并(bing)行(xing)協同(tong)和融合，開創了(le)(le)(le)(le)飛(fei)機研(yan)發領(ling)域基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)三(san)維(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嶄新(xin)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，大(da)幅(fu)度提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)研(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)力(li)，縮短(duan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)研(yan)發周(zhou)期(qi)，確(que)保(bao)客機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)期(qi)和質量(liang)。國(guo)內(nei)對基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)MBD的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)探(tan)索，如中(zhong)(zhong)航工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團對于(yu)(yu)(yu)MBD技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在飛(fei)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)大(da)量(liang)研(yan)究，并(bing)逐步(bu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。這(zhe)(zhe)些研(yan)究主要(yao)(yao)側重于(yu)(yu)(yu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)搭(da)建(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及對企(qi)業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)裝(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)升級(ji)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)適應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)MBD的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)。MBD技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)提(ti)供了(le)(le)(le)(le)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解決(jue)方(fang)(fang)案，目(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)國(guo)外(wai)(wai)已經取得(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果，并(bing)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)內(nei)目(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)尚(shang)處于(yu)(yu)(yu)探(tan)索階段，且由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習慣問(wen)題(ti)，尚(shang)未(wei)得(de)到(dao)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)推廣(guang)，具體(ti)(ti)(ti)實(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)場景有(you)(you)(you)限。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)MBD技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢，隨著相(xiang)關技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)完善，技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)明顯體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)后，它必將(jiang)(jiang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)發展(zhan)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。2.2數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。隨著工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，零件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形狀越(yue)來越(yue)復雜，其數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難度也(ye)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倍增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，一(yi)(yi)個產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)往往需要(yao)(yao)多(duo)個廠所(suo)(suo)、單(dan)位、部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與(yu)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，能(neng)夠(gou)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監督管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)研(yan)發效(xiao)(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)有(you)(you)(you)著重要(yao)(yao)意義(yi)。近年來，眾多(duo)研(yan)究人員針(zhen)對設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)及裝(zhuang)配的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)研(yan)究，并(bing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)。如針(zhen)對紡織(zhi)機械(xie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)企(qi)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命周(zhou)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)問(wen)題(ti)而(er)(er)(er)建(jian)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)企(qi)業(ye)領(ling)導(dao)(dao)決(jue)策層(ceng)(ceng)、業(ye)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)層(ceng)(ceng)和業(ye)務(wu)(wu)執行(xing)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)模(mo)(mo)型[2]，面(mian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)建(jian)材(cai)裝(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)企(qi)業(ye)、基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)次(ci)視(shi)圖(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度監控(kong)(kong)(kong)、基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)物料需求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物料流(liu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)裝(zhuang)箱單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)[3]，面(mian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)飛(fei)機工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柔性化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)驅(qu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛(fei)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)[4]。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)環環相(xiang)扣，每個環節(jie)都(dou)對后續工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)有(you)(you)(you)著極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。同(tong)時，高(gao)(gao)(gao)檔數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)價格昂貴，是(shi)(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)命脈(mo)，因數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)錯誤(wu)而(er)(er)(er)導(dao)(dao)致機床(chuang)損(sun)壞，不(bu)但影響加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度，也(ye)會給(gei)企(qi)業(ye)帶來巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失，如何有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)企(qi)業(ye)有(you)(you)(you)著重要(yao)(yao)意義(yi)。采用(yong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據和領(ling)導(dao)(dao)決(jue)策相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)驅(qu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)可進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)與(yu)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。其主要(yao)(yao)理(li)念(nian)為(wei)(wei)：面(mian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)，對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)子過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)封裝(zhuang)，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)采用(yong)“數(shu)(shu)(shu)據+領(ling)導(dao)(dao)決(jue)策”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。即對制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)層(ceng)(ceng)級(ji)分解編碼(ma)落實(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)人，對每個子任(ren)務(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)置“資源+指令(ling)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)條件(jian)(jian)，從而(er)(er)(er)對業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)分級(ji)多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，隨時把握項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度，同(tong)時，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)轉(zhuan)移，需要(yao)(yao)下一(yi)(yi)環節(jie)所(suo)(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據、授權指令(ling)、提(ti)醒指令(ling)同(tong)時滿足，才(cai)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)，從而(er)(er)(er)達到(dao)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)果。2.3數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。將(jiang)(jiang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)各(ge)環節(jie)所(suo)(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)、硬件(jian)(jian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)合，統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，打(da)通各(ge)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據和信(xin)(xin)息(xi)通道(dao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)個重要(yao)(yao)發展(zhan)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。目(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)，主要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解決(jue)策略有(you)(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)STEP/XML標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)CAD/CAE/CAM信(xin)(xin)息(xi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)解決(jue)方(fang)(fang)案，即開發基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)STEP標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)接口，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)對XML文檔高(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)地(di)訪問(wen)、操作(zuo)。該策略有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)解決(jue)了(le)(le)(le)(le)CAD/CAE/CAM之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)交換共(gong)享問(wen)題(ti)，但仍無法(fa)解決(jue)CAM至(zhi)CNC之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)通道(dao)。近年來，隨著STEP-NC標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)，數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)領(ling)域掀起了(le)(le)(le)(le)基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)STEP-NC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)CAD/CAM/CNC閉環制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱潮(chao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)STEP-NC為(wei)(wei)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據源，將(jiang)(jiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)至(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在線監測的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)個流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，從而(er)(er)(er)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個“CAD—CAM—CNC”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)鏈。基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)STEP-NC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開放式(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)未(wei)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必然(ran)趨勢，但在現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)階段，由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)封閉式(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)G/M代碼(ma)為(wei)(wei)核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)仍是(shi)(shi)(shi)主流(liu)。此(ci)外(wai)(wai)，也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)學者研(yan)究基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)自定(ding)(ding)義(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)特征(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)來構建(jian)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，但主要(yao)(yao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)些特征(zheng)明確(que)固定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場合，通用(yong)性不(bu)強。隨著軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)及計(ji)(ji)算機網(wang)絡技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)COM/DCOM和WebService技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)各(ge)軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和數(shu)(shu)(shu)據交換是(shi)(shi)(shi)另(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)個研(yan)究方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相(xiang)關軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)對人機交互性要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)均比較高(gao)(gao)(gao)，目(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)尚(shang)不(bu)能(neng)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)滿足用(yong)戶需求(qiu)。

3總結

隨著(zhu)大數據、云計(ji)算等相關計(ji)算機網絡技(ji)術的(de)(de)發展，在綠色制造、智能(neng)制造的(de)(de)背景和要求下，進行數字化(hua)(hua)加工(gong)的(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管理可(ke)有(you)效提高產品研發效率，提升企業信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平(ping)。未(wei)來，全三(san)維數字化(hua)(hua)設計(ji)制造、數字化(hua)(hua)加工(gong)業務流程(cheng)管理、數字化(hua)(hua)加工(gong)系統集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)將是實現(xian)數字化(hua)(hua)加工(gong)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管理的(de)(de)重要技(ji)術手(shou)段。

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作(zuo)者:郭宗祥(xiang) 單(dan)位:陜西國(guo)防工(gong)業(ye)職業(ye)技術學(xue)院(yuan)數(shu)控工(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)院(yuan)