導語：有(you)色金屬冶煉廢水處理研究一文來(lai)源于網友上傳(chuan)，不代表本站觀(guan)點，若需要原創(chuang)文章可咨詢客服老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：基于對有色金屬冶煉廢水處理的研究現狀(zhuang)和發(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢(shi)的(de)研究，首(shou)先(xian)，闡(chan)述(shu)有色金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)冶(ye)煉廢水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理的(de)研究現狀(zhuang)。然后(hou)(hou)，分析(xi)有色金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)冶(ye)煉廢水(shui)(shui)來源(yuan)、性質以(yi)及對(dui)人體、農作物(wu)生長、公(gong)路橋(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)危(wei)害性等進行(xing)闡(chan)述(shu)。最后(hou)(hou)，分析(xi)有色金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)冶(ye)煉廢水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理未(wei)來發(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢(shi)，會逐漸朝著化(hua)學沉淀(dian)技術、膜分離技術以(yi)及生物(wu)技術方(fang)向(xiang)發(fa)展(zhan)。

關(guan)鍵詞(ci)：有色(se)金屬；冶煉；廢水處理

在有(you)(you)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)行(xing)業當中，有(you)(you)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)冶煉屬(shu)于(yu)高污(wu)染(ran)行(xing)業，通常(chang)體現在重金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)廢(fei)水污(wu)染(ran)。在最(zui)近(jin)幾年當中，有(you)(you)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)污(wu)染(ran)事(shi)件時有(you)(you)發(fa)生，所(suo)以我國(guo)針(zhen)對(dui)這一(yi)問題給(gei)予高度重視與關注(zhu)，并(bing)且出臺相(xiang)應的治(zhi)理(li)(li)政策與治(zhi)理(li)(li)方(fang)式(shi)。有(you)(you)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)冶煉廢(fei)水處(chu)理(li)(li)，是人們目前面(mian)臨的一(yi)個重要問題。在進行(xing)有(you)(you)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)冶煉廢(fei)水處(chu)理(li)(li)時，需要結(jie)合廢(fei)水特點(dian)等，研(yan)發(fa)出切實可行(xing)的治(zhi)理(li)(li)方(fang)式(shi)。所(suo)以，本文將針(zhen)對(dui)有(you)(you)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)冶煉廢(fei)水處(chu)理(li)(li)的研(yan)究現狀和發(fa)展趨勢等內(nei)容進行(xing)相(xiang)應闡述。

1有色金屬冶煉(lian)廢(fei)水處理(li)的研究現(xian)狀

在(zai)社會經濟不斷發展背(bei)景(jing)下，人們的(de)(de)生(sheng)活質(zhi)量與(yu)生(sheng)活水(shui)平正在(zai)不斷提(ti)升(sheng)，所以(yi)，人們的(de)(de)思想道德(de)素質(zhi)等正在(zai)逐步(bu)提(ti)高。環保意識與(yu)生(sheng)態保護意識已經在(zai)人們的(de)(de)內(nei)心深處(chu)形成(cheng)，所以(yi)，有(you)色金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)冶煉(lian)(lian)廢水(shui)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)污(wu)染以(yi)及處(chu)理(li)問(wen)題(ti)受到越來(lai)越多人的(de)(de)關(guan)注(zhu)與(yu)重視[1]。無論是(shi)社會市場的(de)(de)企業，還是(shi)學校(xiao)，針對(dui)有(you)色金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)冶煉(lian)(lian)廢水(shui)進行一(yi)系(xi)列的(de)(de)研究(jiu)工(gong)作。在(zai)有(you)色金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)冶煉(lian)(lian)廢水(shui)研究(jiu)過(guo)程(cheng)中，人們提(ti)出(chu)不同的(de)(de)解決方式與(yu)處(chu)理(li)辦法。并且進行相應的(de)(de)實驗(yan)，同時(shi)取得良(liang)好(hao)效果(guo)。

2有色金屬冶煉廢水基(ji)本(ben)概(gai)述

（1）來源與性(xing)(xing)(xing)質。有(you)色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)來源與性(xing)(xing)(xing)質，主要有(you)以(yi)下幾點內容(rong)：第(di)一，各類酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)冷凝液(ye)(ye)、吸(xi)收液(ye)(ye)等(deng)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)包(bao)含的(de)(de)(de)(de)類型有(you)很多(duo)，例(li)如(ru)，制(zhi)酸(suan)系(xi)統(tong)廢(fei)酸(suan)、硫酸(suan)電除霧沖洗液(ye)(ye)、電解吸(xi)收液(ye)(ye)等(deng)。此(ci)類廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)不僅(jin)含有(you)濃度較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)污(wu)(wu)染物(wu)，而且(qie)(qie)酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較強[2]。第(di)二，沖渣(zha)(zha)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。火法冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)過程中(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)產(chan)生許多(duo)熔(rong)融(rong)態爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)，針對此(ci)類熔(rong)融(rong)態爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)需(xu)要進(jin)行(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)淬(cui)冷卻(que)，在(zai)這(zhe)一過程中(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)生廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)就是沖渣(zha)(zha)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。沖渣(zha)(zha)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不僅(jin)含有(you)重金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)污(wu)(wu)染物(wu)、爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)微粒，而且(qie)(qie)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)度較高(gao)。第(di)三，煙氣(qi)凈化廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。在(zai)對冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)煙氣(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)洗滌時，產(chan)生廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)被(bei)稱為煙氣(qi)凈化廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，在(zai)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)許多(duo)重金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)污(wu)(wu)染物(wu)與懸浮物(wu)。（2）危(wei)害。有(you)色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害主要體現在(zai)以(yi)下幾點當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)：第(di)一，在(zai)有(you)色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)，重金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)占據主要組成(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen)，并且(qie)(qie)含量相(xiang)對較高(gao)。此(ci)類重金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)污(wu)(wu)染物(wu)可能會(hui)(hui)在(zai)農作物(wu)、土壤(rang)當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)逐漸(jian)聚集，然(ran)后利用食物(wu)鏈(lian)傳遞，對人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)身(shen)體健康(kang)等(deng)造成(cheng)(cheng)影響(xiang)(xiang)[3]。第(di)二，有(you)色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)除了(le)對人類健康(kang)造成(cheng)(cheng)影響(xiang)(xiang)外(wai)，還會(hui)(hui)對農作物(wu)以(yi)及水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)物(wu)等(deng)造成(cheng)(cheng)危(wei)害，會(hui)(hui)導(dao)致其(qi)死(si)亡(wang)。第(di)三，在(zai)有(you)色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)期間，會(hui)(hui)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)酸(suan)流程，在(zai)這(zhe)一過程中(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)產(chan)生許多(duo)污(wu)(wu)酸(suan)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。如(ru)果污(wu)(wu)酸(suan)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)沒(mei)有(you)經過處(chu)理(li)后就進(jin)行(xing)(xing)排(pai)放，那么不僅(jin)會(hui)(hui)對生物(wu)造成(cheng)(cheng)傷害，對橋梁、堤壩的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全性(xing)(xing)(xing)與穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing)將會(hui)(hui)產(chan)生影響(xiang)(xiang)。

3有色金屬(shu)冶煉(lian)廢(fei)水(shui)處理(li)發展趨勢(shi)

通過(guo)上文(wen)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)知，有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)會(hui)(hui)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身體健康(kang)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)公(gong)路橋梁等造成(cheng)(cheng)影響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。如果(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)有(you)(you)(you)效處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，那么將(jiang)會(hui)(hui)對(dui)(dui)(dui)整個社(she)會(hui)(hui)穩定產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)威脅。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)未(wei)來有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朝(chao)著以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)幾點(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向發展并(bing)(bing)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)：（1）化(hua)(hua)學沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。化(hua)(hua)學沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)化(hua)(hua)學藥品投入(ru)到(dao)(dao)(dao)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)，從而與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)，形成(cheng)(cheng)難溶鹽(yan)(yan)并(bing)(bing)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)(dao)(dao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)底(di)。化(hua)(hua)學沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)通常情況(kuang)下(xia)會(hui)(hui)被(bei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為三種(zhong)類型，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、鋇(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)硫化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸性(xing)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)為堿性(xing)，然(ran)后利(li)用(yong)(yong)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)，形成(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同于(yu)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)體并(bing)(bing)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)(dao)(dao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)底(di)[4]。通常情況(kuang)下(xia)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試劑是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)灰(hui)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑、氫氧化(hua)(hua)鈉沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑。如果(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)將(jiang)石(shi)灰(hui)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)時(shi)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)將(jiang)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)(you)(you)量(liang)超過(guo)1000ml/L的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)去(qu)除。中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)對(dui)(dui)(dui)所(suo)(suo)需設(she)(she)備(bei)設(she)(she)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求相對(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)更(geng)(geng)好應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)。鋇(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)硫化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)相較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)而言(yan)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)定不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)，并(bing)(bing)且(qie)對(dui)(dui)(dui)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)設(she)(she)施等需要(yao)(yao)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高，會(hui)(hui)花費更(geng)(geng)多(duo)成(cheng)(cheng)本。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)未(wei)來有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)鋇(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)硫化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)創(chuang)新(xin)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)，這樣更(geng)(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)將(jiang)會(hui)(hui)得(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，減小(xiao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污染與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)影響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。（2）膜分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。膜分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)特(te)殊材質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)半透膜進(jin)(jin)行(xing)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)利(li)用(yong)(yong)，受到(dao)(dao)(dao)外(wai)界壓(ya)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)影響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，促使溶質(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)溶劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)縮(suo)，并(bing)(bing)使其(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)。膜分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅能(neng)夠在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)實現分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)濃(nong)縮(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)，而且(qie)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)效果(guo)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)日常維護(hu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)操(cao)作(zuo)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)(geng)加(jia)容易進(jin)(jin)行(xing)[5]。除此(ci)之(zhi)外(wai)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)二(er)次(ci)利(li)用(yong)(yong)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)將(jiang)膜分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)。常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)膜分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)(you)反(fan)滲(shen)透法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、微(wei)濾(lv)、納濾(lv)等形式(shi)(shi)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膜分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)對(dui)(dui)(dui)設(she)(she)備(bei)要(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高，同時(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)運行(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)膜容易造成(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堵(du)塞，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)未(wei)來需要(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)膜分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺點(dian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)，使技(ji)術(shu)得(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷優化(hua)(hua)。（3）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通過(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)繁衍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)或者生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)體方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)吸附，通過(guo)該(gai)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)將(jiang)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)重金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)去(qu)除。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)該(gai)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)吸附過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，會(hui)(hui)吸附相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)菌或者真菌，吸取效果(guo)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)幾個優勢：第(di)一(yi)(yi)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)吸附，適應(ying)(ying)(ying)能(neng)力較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)強。第(di)二(er)，具有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)強選擇性(xing)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)時(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)堿金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)影響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。第(di)三，操(cao)作(zuo)起來較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為方(fang)(fang)(fang)便。操(cao)作(zuo)步(bu)(bu)驟較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)少并(bing)(bing)且(qie)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)力較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)強，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)多(duo)次(ci)使用(yong)(yong)[6]。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)未(wei)來有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)，需要(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)吸附時(shi)會(hui)(hui)同時(shi)吸附真菌或者細(xi)菌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這一(yi)(yi)問題進(jin)(jin)行(xing)改(gai)善(shan)(shan)，這樣才能(neng)保證生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)發揮自身最(zui)大作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)價值，對(dui)(dui)(dui)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)有(you)(you)(you)效處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，實現有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)行(xing)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)更(geng)(geng)好發展。

4結語

綜上所述，有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)屬冶(ye)煉(lian)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)問(wen)題，是我國目前較為關注且重視的(de)一個(ge)問(wen)題。因為如果有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)屬冶(ye)煉(lian)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)經過處(chu)理(li)，排放(fang)在(zai)環境當中(zhong)，那么不僅會(hui)(hui)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)們的(de)健(jian)康(kang)造(zao)成影響，還會(hui)(hui)對(dui)(dui)(dui)社(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)穩定產生(sheng)威脅。所以，有(you)(you)(you)關部門需(xu)要(yao)加大監管(guan)力度(du)，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)屬冶(ye)煉(lian)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)問(wen)題制定相(xiang)應的(de)管(guan)理(li)政策，促使各個(ge)工業(ye)在(zai)產生(sheng)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)屬冶(ye)煉(lian)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)后，能夠及時對(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)進行處(chu)理(li)。與此(ci)同時，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)隨(sui)意排放(fang)的(de)企業(ye)等，需(xu)要(yao)給(gei)予嚴厲的(de)懲(cheng)罰，使其(qi)認識到(dao)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)屬冶(ye)煉(lian)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)的(de)重要(yao)作用(yong)。除此(ci)之外，隨(sui)著科學技術的(de)不斷發展，需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)相(xiang)應的(de)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)金(jin)屬冶(ye)煉(lian)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)技術與處(chu)理(li)方法進行完(wan)善。

作者:莫(mo)國(guo)榮 吳忠(zhong)何 單(dan)位:中(zhong)鋁(lv)廣西(xi)國(guo)盛稀土開發有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司