導語(yu)：小議電(dian)源設備的(de)管(guan)理(li)及維護一文(wen)來源于網友上傳，不(bu)代(dai)表本站觀(guan)點，若需(xu)要原創文(wen)章可咨詢客服老(lao)師(shi)，歡迎參(can)考。

摘要:在實際工作中,通信電源一旦發生故障,通(tong)信系(xi)統將(jiang)全部中斷,因(yin)此(ci)在通(tong)信網中必須保證(zheng)有高可靠性、高可利用率和抗(kang)干擾能(neng)力強的電源系(xi)統。

關鍵詞:通信電源設備管理設備維護閥控式蓄電池

通(tong)(tong)信電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)基本任務是向(xiang)通(tong)(tong)信設(she)備(bei)提(ti)供不間斷的(de)(de)、符合質量要求的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)。它(ta)作(zuo)為(wei)通(tong)(tong)信網的(de)(de)“血脈”,是確保(bao)通(tong)(tong)信暢(chang)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)必要條件。要保(bao)證(zheng)現代化通(tong)(tong)信網全(quan)程全(quan)網的(de)(de)暢(chang)通(tong)(tong)并做到高可靠、低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)磁干擾(rao),低(di)(di)功耗通(tong)(tong)信電(dian)(dian)源系統是基礎。

一、加強通信(xin)電源管(guan)理的專業化(hua)

隨(sui)著通(tong)信(xin)網(wang)裝備(bei)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逐步提(ti)高(gao),電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)也同樣(yang)處在(zai)大量引(yin)進新(xin)設備(bei)、淘汰舊設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時期,同時為配合維(wei)(wei)護體(ti)制全專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、大配套的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革(ge),用(yong)了許多(duo)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)護手段,出臺(tai)了許多(duo)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)護管理辦法(fa)。所以(yi)在(zai)通(tong)信(xin)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各級管理層次(ci)及建設、維(wei)(wei)護方(fang)面都(dou)應該有獨(du)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管理機構和(he)人(ren)員(yuan)。因為通(tong)信(xin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不(bu)(bu)僅是一(yi)個專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye),而且是一(yi)個包括多(duo)種系(xi)統和(he)學(xue)科的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye),由(you)其他(ta)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)來(lai)兼管電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)是不(bu)(bu)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),也是不(bu)(bu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此,要管理和(he)維(wei)(wei)護好現代化通(tong)信(xin)網(wang),電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)同其專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)一(yi)樣(yang)存在(zai)著維(wei)(wei)護人(ren)員(yuan)素質、水(shui)平(ping)亟待提(ti)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。要解決這一(yi)問題可以(yi)采取以(yi)下一(yi)些措施:

加強日常及定期(qi)管理,根據新(xin)設備(bei)、新(xin)技(ji)術的采(cai)用(yong)及新(xin)的網絡體系(xi)結構重新(xin)制定和完善各(ge)項規章制度(du)。

在新建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)時,要從工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計、方案會(hui)審、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實施到驗收竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)各個階段(duan)積極參(can)與和把關。繼(ji)續搞好技(ji)術練兵,加大培訓力(li)度。引進電(dian)源專業的高素質人才。

二(er)、加強通信電(dian)源安全可靠運行(xing)的管(guan)理與維(wei)護

通(tong)信(xin)(xin)電源安全(quan)可靠運行是由多種因素和環(huan)節(jie)所決定(ding)的(de),它與(yu)設(she)備質(zhi)量、工程勘察與(yu)設(she)計、運行方式選(xuan)擇(ze)、建設(she)管(guan)理、運行維護管(guan)理等各環(huan)節(jie)相關。其(qi)(qi)中對于設(she)備選(xuan)擇(ze)、方案設(she)計、工程管(guan)理等環(huan)節(jie)尤其(qi)(qi)要加強重視和管(guan)理。一個(ge)先天不(bu)足的(de)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)電源系統將(jiang)造成通(tong)信(xin)(xin)安全(quan)的(de)巨(ju)大(da)風險和后期(qi)人力(li)、物力(li)、財(cai)力(li)的(de)巨(ju)大(da)重復投(tou)入。

2.1動力電源

動力電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)設(she)備(bei)(bei)是所有(you)通(tong)信設(she)備(bei)(bei)運(yun)行的動力之源(yuan),其(qi)運(yun)行狀態直(zhi)接(jie)影響到通(tong)信業(ye)務能(neng)否有(you)效提(ti)供。在日常設(she)備(bei)(bei)運(yun)行中,常存在高壓電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)單引入、逆變(bian)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不穩定、UPS應用(yong)不當等(deng)問題,為此應做好以下(xia)工作(zuo):

機房(fang)的(de)高壓宜(yi)采用(yong)雙回(hui)路供電(dian)(dian)(dian),即兩(liang)路不同的(de)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站輸入,以確保供電(dian)(dian)(dian)不間斷。對于給機房(fang)通信(xin)設備供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)交直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源列頭柜,也應采用(yong)雙路供電(dian)(dian)(dian),以保障業(ye)務設備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)安全。

逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)(yu)整(zheng)(zheng)流電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)采用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)體化設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei),以(yi)保障安(an)全(quan)供(gong)電(dian),易于監(jian)控(kong),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)減少(shao)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)投資(zi),降低維(wei)(wei)護(hu)工作(zuo)(zuo)量。目(mu)前,一(yi)(yi)些(xie)通(tong)信(xin)機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)為部分設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)提供(gong)220V交(jiao)流電(dian)時(shi)(shi),采用(yong)(yong)2KVA～6KVA的(de)UPS(另帶有220V蓄電(dian)池組)供(gong)電(dian),單機(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao),成本(ben)高。建(jian)議使用(yong)(yong)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)且(qie)與(yu)(yu)整(zheng)(zheng)流功(gong)能(neng)一(yi)(yi)體化的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei),其(qi)結構為:在整(zheng)(zheng)流電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)機(ji)(ji)架的(de)空余(yu)子框中(zhong)插(cha)入1KVA～1.5KVA逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)模(mo)(mo)塊,1個(ge)子框一(yi)(yi)般(ban)插(cha)3～4個(ge),逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)模(mo)(mo)塊均流輸出,實現N+1容量冗(rong)余(yu),這樣不(bu)會因(yin)某個(ge)模(mo)(mo)塊出現故障而影(ying)響正常供(gong)電(dian)。逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)模(mo)(mo)塊的(de)運(yun)行監(jian)控(kong)由整(zheng)(zheng)流電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)監(jian)控(kong)模(mo)(mo)塊統(tong)一(yi)(yi)實現,從而可(ke)(ke)(ke)節(jie)省(sheng)機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)空間(jian)。由于共用(yong)(yong)原有的(de)-48V蓄電(dian)池組,省(sheng)去了UPS必須另帶其(qi)他(ta)型號電(dian)池組的(de)費用(yong)(yong)(以(yi)16個(ge)單體65AH電(dian)池為一(yi)(yi)組,約(yue)需1.5萬元)及其(qi)維(wei)(wei)護(hu),并減少(shao)了動(dong)力環境監(jian)控(kong)系統(tong)的(de)協議轉換節(jie)點(約(yue)需0.4萬元),6KVA的(de)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(4個(ge)1.5KVA模(mo)(mo)塊)比同(tong)容量UPS少(shao)2萬元,因(yin)此1個(ge)機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)就可(ke)(ke)(ke)減少(shao)建(jian)設(she)(she)投資(zi)及運(yun)行維(wei)(wei)護(hu)成本(ben)約(yue)4萬元,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)大幅度減少(shao)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)工作(zuo)(zuo)量,設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)運(yun)行也更安(an)全(quan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)建(jian)議在機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)新建(jian)通(tong)信(xin)項目(mu)時(shi)(shi),不(bu)應(ying)另購(gou)小的(de)UPS/逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器,而應(ying)使用(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)原有的(de)大UPS交(jiao)流電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan),以(yi)保障設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao),減少(shao)故障環節(jie)。

2.2蓄電池

蓄電(dian)(dian)池作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(直(zhi)流(liu)系(xi)統(tong))或(huo)交(jiao)流(liu)(UPS系(xi)統(tong))不間斷供電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)保證(zheng),在整個系(xi)統(tong)中最為(wei)(wei)關鍵。電(dian)(dian)池不但(dan)在交(jiao)流(liu)系(xi)統(tong)或(huo)整流(liu)器出現(xian)問(wen)題時保證(zheng)不間斷供電(dian)(dian),而且還要(yao)在市電(dian)(dian)正常(chang)轉換時提供保證(zheng)。如果電(dian)(dian)池喪(sang)失(shi)容量,即(ji)使對前端的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)高(gao)低壓系(xi)統(tong)、整流(liu)系(xi)統(tong)等(deng)配置(zhi)管理得再(zai)好,在一次正常(chang)的(de)(de)市電(dian)(dian)轉換中,都可能造成(cheng)失(shi)電(dian)(dian)而引致(zhi)通信故(gu)障。因此(ci),應(ying)把蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)維(wei)護管理作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)一項重點工作(zuo)來抓(zhua)。目前閥控式(shi)密封蓄電(dian)(dian)池以其體積小、電(dian)(dian)壓穩定、無污染、重量輕、放電(dian)(dian)性能高(gao)、維(wei)護量小等(deng)特點,而成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)通信電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)首選(xuan)電(dian)(dian)池。但(dan)在實(shi)際使用中,達不到(dao)理論預期壽命的(de)(de)比比皆是(shi)。

2.2.1影響閥控式(shi)蓄電池使用壽命的主要因素

閥控(kong)式(shi)蓄電(dian)池全(quan)浮充正常使用(yong)壽(shou)命在10年以上(shang),理論(lun)上(shang)可到(dao)20年,但在實際使用(yong)中(zhong),影響閥控(kong)式(shi)蓄電(dian)池使用(yong)壽(shou)命的因素很多,主要有:

環境(jing)溫度(du)。環境(jing)溫度(du)過高(gao)(gao)對蓄電池(chi)(chi)使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)(shou)命的影(ying)響(xiang)很大。溫度(du)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)時(shi),蓄電池(chi)(chi)的極板腐蝕將(jiang)加劇,同時(shi)將(jiang)消(xiao)耗更(geng)多的水(shui),從而使(shi)(shi)電池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命縮(suo)短。蓄電池(chi)(chi)在25℃的環境(jing)下可(ke)獲(huo)得較長(chang)的壽(shou)(shou)命,長(chang)期運行溫度(du)若升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)10℃,使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)(shou)命約降低一半。

過度充電(dian)。長期過充電(dian)狀態下,正極(ji)因析(xi)氧(yang)反應,水被消耗,H+增加,從而導致正極(ji)附(fu)近(jin)酸度增加,板(ban)柵腐蝕(shi)加速,使(shi)板(ban)柵變薄(bo)加速電(dian)池(chi)的腐蝕(shi),使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)降低同時因水損耗加劇,將使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)有干(gan)涸(he)的危(wei)險,從而影響蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命。

過(guo)度(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)度(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)要發生(sheng)在交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后,蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長時間(jian)為(wei)負載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)被過(guo)度(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)低(di)甚至(zhi)為(wei)零時,會(hui)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部有(you)大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)硫酸(suan)鉛(qian)被吸附到蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陰極表(biao)面(mian),在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陰極造成“硫酸(suan)鹽(yan)化”。硫酸(suan)鉛(qian)是一種絕緣體,它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成必將對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充、放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能產生(sheng)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)負面(mian)影響,因此在陰極上形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)硫酸(suan)鹽(yan)越(yue)多,蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內阻(zu)越(yue)大,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充、放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能就(jiu)越(yue)差,蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用壽命就(jiu)越(yue)短。

2.2.2閥控式蓄電池(chi)的(de)正確使用和維護(hu)

蓄電(dian)池應放(fang)置在(zai)(zai)(zai)通(tong)風、干燥、遠離熱源處和不易產生火(huo)花(hua)的地方,安全距(ju)離為0.5m以(yi)上。在(zai)(zai)(zai)環境溫度(du)為25℃～0℃內,每下(xia)降(jiang)1℃,其(qi)放(fang)電(dian)容量約(yue)下(xia)降(jiang)1%,所以(yi)電(dian)池宜在(zai)(zai)(zai)15℃～20℃環境中工作。

要使蓄電池(chi)有較(jiao)長的使用(yong)壽命,應使用(yong)性能良(liang)好的自動穩(wen)壓限(xian)流充(chong)電設(she)備。當負載在(zai)正常范圍(wei)內變化時,充(chong)電設(she)備應達到(dao)±2%的穩(wen)壓精度,才能滿足電池(chi)說明書中(zhong)所規定的要求。浮充(chong)使用(yong)的蓄電池(chi)非(fei)工作(zuo)期間不要停(ting)止浮充(chong)。

必須嚴(yan)格遵守蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)后,再(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)恒流(liu)限壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)→恒壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)→浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)規律,條件允許的(de)最好使用高頻開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源型充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置,以便隨時(shi)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行智能管理。

新(xin)安裝或大修后的閥(fa)(fa)(fa)控(kong)式蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組,應(ying)進行(xing)全(quan)核(he)對(dui)(dui)性放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan),以后每隔2～3年進行(xing)一次核(he)對(dui)(dui)性放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan),運行(xing)了6年的閥(fa)(fa)(fa)控(kong)式蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),每年作(zuo)一次核(he)對(dui)(dui)性放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。若經過3次核(he)對(dui)(dui)性放(fang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian),蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組容量均達不(bu)到額定容量的80%以上(shang),可(ke)認(ren)為此組閥(fa)(fa)(fa)控(kong)式蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命終止(zhi),應(ying)予以更換。

結語

雖然(ran)通信(xin)(xin)電源(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)通信(xin)(xin)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)主流(liu)設(she)備(bei),但(dan)它(ta)卻是(shi)(shi)整個(ge)通信(xin)(xin)網(wang)中(zhong)最重(zhong)(zhong)要、最關鍵的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)。必(bi)須看到,通信(xin)(xin)電源(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)整個(ge)通信(xin)(xin)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)能量保(bao)證,它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)作用是(shi)(shi)整體性和全(quan)局性的(de)(de)(de)。在日常(chang)維(wei)護工作中(zhong),要引(yin)起(qi)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)視,明確工作重(zhong)(zhong)點,抓住工作重(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),確保(bao)重(zhong)(zhong)點系統的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)運行(xing),減少因(yin)電源(yuan)(yuan)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)通信(xin)(xin)故障,降低故障的(de)(de)(de)影響程度,從(cong)而確保(bao)通信(xin)(xin)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)暢通。

參考文獻:

1阿爾卡特通信(xin)電源設(she)備的使用與維護(hu)于(yu)佳(jia)亮(liang)鐵道(dao)通信(xin)信(xin)號1997-06-17

2通信電源設備虛擬試驗(yan)技術研究哈喜(xi)寧北京郵電大學2009-02-12