摘(zhai)要：為適應醫學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)技術(shu)4年(nian)(nian)制理學(xue)學(xue)士(shi)培養(yang)方案改(gai)革，制訂4年(nian)(nian)制醫學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)技術(shu)畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)習指(zhi)導手冊，構(gou)建(jian)(jian)新的4年(nian)(nian)制本科醫學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)技術(shu)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)踐教學(xue)體系。本文從4年(nian)(nian)制本科醫學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)技術(shu)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)踐教學(xue)體系的構(gou)建(jian)(jian)、創新及(ji)臨床(chuang)實(shi)踐教學(xue)應用中(zhong)尚(shang)存(cun)在的問題進行分(fen)析，提(ti)出改(gai)進策(ce)略，建(jian)(jian)立一個醫學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)技術(shu)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)范化實(shi)習管理的框架和(he)指(zhi)南。

關鍵(jian)詞：臨床實(shi)習；醫學(xue)檢驗技術(shu)；教學(xue)體系

醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨床(chuang)實(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)占(zhan)據4年(nian)(nian)(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1／4，是(shi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)系(xi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)鞏(gong)固(gu)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)理(li)論知識，掌握檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)操作技能(neng)，為(wei)(wei)以(yi)后臨床(chuang)工作打下基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)必(bi)不(bu)可(ke)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)過程(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)期間(jian)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)系(xi)統(tong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)了(le)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)知識，理(li)論知識已經有(you)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)。在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)階段，更需要(yao)實(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)指(zhi)導(dao)手冊(ce)指(zhi)導(dao)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)系(xi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)1年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)部“普通高(gao)等學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校本(ben)(ben)科(ke)專業(ye)目錄”要(yao)求將以(yi)往(wang)目錄中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5年(nian)(nian)(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)“醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)”（醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)士(shi)）更改為(wei)(wei)4年(nian)(nian)(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)“醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)技術(shu)(shu)”（理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)士(shi)）。2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)第一批4年(nian)(nian)(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)開始畢業(ye)實(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)，本(ben)(ben)校檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)系(xi)也(ye)即(ji)時(shi)擬定了(le)2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)案，并(bing)制(zhi)(zhi)訂了(le)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)綱。教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)部高(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)司頒布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)目標為(wei)(wei)：培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)具有(you)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、臨床(chuang)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)等方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)理(li)論知識和(he)能(neng)力，能(neng)在(zai)(zai)各級醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院、血(xue)站、防疫站等部門(men)從事(shi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)及醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)類實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)級人才。4年(nian)(nian)(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)思(si)想(xiang)應明確統(tong)一在(zai)(zai)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人才培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)要(yao)求上，突出(chu)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)屬性(xing)［1］。為(wei)(wei)適應醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)技術(shu)(shu)4年(nian)(nian)(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)士(shi)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)案改革，制(zhi)(zhi)訂4年(nian)(nian)(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)技術(shu)(shu)畢業(ye)實(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)指(zhi)導(dao)手冊(ce)，構建新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4年(nian)(nian)(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)技術(shu)(shu)專業(ye)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)體系(xi)，進一步貫(guan)徹和(he)執行(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)部頒布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)目標。

14年制(zhi)本(ben)科醫(yi)學檢驗技術專業實踐教學體系的構建

制訂(ding)4年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)制醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)手(shou)冊，建(jian)立(li)一(yi)個醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規范化(hua)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)框架和(he)(he)指(zhi)(zhi)南。1．1畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)須知(zhi)(zhi)。（1）實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)與要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)：學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)明確(que)(que)(que)1年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)系(xi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，鞏固和(he)(he)加(jia)強(qiang)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)知(zhi)(zhi)識，熟(shu)(shu)悉臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)和(he)(he)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)環境，對(dui)(dui)本專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組織結構有(you)(you)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)透徹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了解(jie)(jie)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)獨立(li)正確(que)(que)(que)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析問題和(he)(he)解(jie)(jie)決問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力。（2）實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)組織結構：負(fu)責(ze)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)由(you)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)單(dan)位(wei)協調完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。構建(jian)一(yi)個由(you)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)單(dan)位(wei)共同參與實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平臺，制訂(ding)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)同學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)守則，從思想、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、能(neng)(neng)力培(pei)養(yang)(yang)、考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)勤(qin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、需(xu)達(da)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)等方(fang)面均(jun)有(you)(you)詳細規定(ding)(ding)，規范實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。（3）實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)績的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)與評(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)：畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)績占(zhan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)校總成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)績的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)15％，各(ge)(ge)(ge)亞(ya)(ya)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)占(zhan)比則根據專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間及(ji)(ji)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)具(ju)體細化(hua)，臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)免疫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)均(jun)占(zhan)17％，臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)血液學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)及(ji)(ji)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)輸血學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)占(zhan)10％，門(men)急診檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)占(zhan)12％，臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)占(zhan)10％。出(chu)(chu)(chu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)績包括出(chu)(chu)(chu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)鑒定(ding)(ding)、技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試，按百(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)制計分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)20％、60％、20％，以技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，體現檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性。（4）畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)寫(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)1年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)，畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)寫(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也是一(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)非常重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)以建(jian)設雙一(yi)流大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)為(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)武漢大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研能(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)也非常重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)。畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)帶教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)同學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)雙向選擇。首先，同學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)查閱(yue)文(wen)(wen)(wen)獻資(zi)料，了解(jie)(jie)國(guo)內外(wai)有(you)(you)關動態(tai)，設計合(he)理(li)(li)(li)可(ke)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)案進行(xing)(xing)開題報告；實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)認(ren)真收(shou)集、整(zheng)理(li)(li)(li)原(yuan)始數據，正確(que)(que)(que)進行(xing)(xing)統(tong)計處理(li)(li)(li)，擬(ni)訂(ding)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)寫(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)大綱(gang)，認(ren)真撰寫(xie)。畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)格(ge)式(shi)和(he)(he)書寫(xie)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)也做(zuo)了相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)規定(ding)(ding)。指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)全(quan)程(cheng)(cheng)參與指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)，并(bing)對(dui)(dui)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)真實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性負(fu)責(ze)。隨(sui)后，評(ping)(ping)閱(yue)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)評(ping)(ping)閱(yue)、修(xiu)訂(ding)，最終論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)答辯(bian)，由(you)答辯(bian)小(xiao)組進行(xing)(xing)評(ping)(ping)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，并(bing)給出(chu)(chu)(chu)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)績。畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)貫穿整(zheng)個實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)階段，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)同學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)手(shou)冊所包涵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1篇畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)撰寫(xie)。1．2制訂(ding)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綱(gang)。結合(he)國(guo)內外(wai)前沿(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)設置制訂(ding)各(ge)(ge)(ge)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)亞(ya)(ya)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綱(gang)。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來，隨(sui)著檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)和(he)(he)方(fang)法(fa)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)層(ceng)出(chu)(chu)(chu)不(bu)(bu)窮。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)書更新(xin)(xin)(xin)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)滯后，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)各(ge)(ge)(ge)亞(ya)(ya)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)進展(zhan)(zhan)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)同步，各(ge)(ge)(ge)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)單(dan)位(wei)亞(ya)(ya)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)水(shui)平也存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)較(jiao)大差別(bie)。針對(dui)(dui)4年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)制醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)(dian)，增(zeng)加(jia)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)亞(ya)(ya)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)培(pei)訓時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，增(zeng)加(jia)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。細化(hua)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)亞(ya)(ya)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)設置：臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)免疫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)血液學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)輸血學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、門(men)急診檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等。有(you)(you)些亞(ya)(ya)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)是傳統(tong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)較(jiao)廣，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)些流程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)上有(you)(you)很(hen)多(duo)相(xiang)(xiang)同點(dian)(dian)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)大綱(gang)中(zhong)，融合(he)了ISO15189認(ren)可(ke)體系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量體系(xi)［2］，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)按照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室建(jian)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)程(cheng)(cheng)序文(wen)(wen)(wen)件規范地進行(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。每個專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)掌(zhang)握、熟(shu)(shu)悉、了解(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)均(jun)有(you)(you)規定(ding)(ding)。各(ge)(ge)(ge)亞(ya)(ya)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)本要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)、較(jiao)高要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)及(ji)(ji)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)均(jun)有(you)(you)詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)述。分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)近年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)迅(xun)速(su)，開展(zhan)(zhan)了很(hen)多(duo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，它以PCR技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)為(wei)(wei)核(he)心，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)熒光定(ding)(ding)量、基(ji)因芯(xin)片、高通(tong)量測(ce)序、微流控等多(duo)種(zhong)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)使檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法(fa)更加(jia)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、準確(que)(que)(que)、便捷，臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)也日(ri)趨(qu)增(zeng)多(duo)［3］。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綱(gang)中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)增(zeng)加(jia)了時(shi)(shi)(shi)間和(he)(he)內容(rong)，適應(ying)(ying)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。1．3加(jia)強(qiang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)有(you)(you)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)格(ge)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)格(ge)含實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)登記(ji)(ji)(ji)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)亞(ya)(ya)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)均(jun)有(you)(you)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)目(mu)(mu)小(xiao)結表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)目(mu)(mu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)（理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)和(he)(he)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試），小(xiao)講課(ke)(ke)(ke)聽(ting)課(ke)(ke)(ke)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。（1）檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)登記(ji)(ji)(ji)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)：實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)內容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。全(quan)程(cheng)(cheng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)和(he)(he)監控學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)情況，有(you)(you)利于(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)明確(que)(que)(que)自(zi)己(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)內容(rong)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)達(da)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)和(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。（2）實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)目(mu)(mu)小(xiao)結表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)：帶教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)填(tian)寫(xie)評(ping)(ping)語、評(ping)(ping)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，根據平時(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)察了解(jie)(jie)及(ji)(ji)其所掌(zhang)握的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、思想狀況和(he)(he)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)及(ji)(ji)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)如(ru)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)填(tian)寫(xie)。采用(yong)(yong)評(ping)(ping)價表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)，督促學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)按照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)《畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)手(shou)冊》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。（3）實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)目(mu)(mu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)：帶教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)負(fu)責(ze)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)勤(qin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，并(bing)進行(xing)(xing)出(chu)(chu)(chu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)中(zhong)采用(yong)(yong)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)直接觀(guan)察法(fa)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)，請(qing)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)主(zhu)任審閱(yue)、簽(qian)署意見。指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)4年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)制醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規范化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)評(ping)(ping)價。（4）聽(ting)課(ke)(ke)(ke)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)：嚴格(ge)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)小(xiao)講課(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)登記(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)，完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)，要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)課(ke)(ke)(ke)件，有(you)(you)登記(ji)(ji)(ji)，有(you)(you)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)片，有(you)(you)總結和(he)(he)反饋。（5）實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)：將實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)、考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)績和(he)(he)聽(ting)課(ke)(ke)(ke)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)匯總在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)《實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)手(shou)冊》上，有(you)(you)利于(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)回(hui)顧和(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析，持續改進。這(zhe)(zhe)些表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)格(ge)加(jia)強(qiang)了實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，強(qiang)調形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)性評(ping)(ping)價在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，為(wei)(wei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)帶教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)提供實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)帶教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)方(fang)案，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)帶教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抓手(shou)和(he)(he)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)指(zhi)(zhi)南。

24年(nian)制本科(ke)醫學檢驗技術(shu)專業實踐(jian)教(jiao)學體系的創新

1“531”實(shi)踐教學體(ti)系的構建(jian)目標

實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)是高(gao)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗技術人(ren)才培(pei)養的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要環節，是培(pei)養崗(gang)位(wei)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)能(neng)力(li)(li)、職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)素養和加(jia)深學(xue)(xue)(xue)生理解專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)基礎理論(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)要環節［2］。我們按(an)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗技術專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)能(neng)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)過程及(ji)認知規律，結合崗(gang)位(wei)需求特點，分析現有實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)課(ke)(ke)程體系和實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足，借鑒兄弟(di)院(yuan)校經驗［3、4］，形成(cheng)以(yi)崗(gang)位(wei)需求為(wei)導向、職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)能(neng)力(li)(li)培(pei)養為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)理念，制定特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)新人(ren)才培(pei)養方案和專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)課(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)大綱，實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)理論(lun)遵(zun)循(xun)“必(bi)須夠(gou)用原則”，專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)課(ke)(ke)程加(jia)強針(zhen)對性，原則上總學(xue)(xue)(xue)時保(bao)持基本不(bu)變，構建與(yu)人(ren)才培(pei)養目(mu)標(biao)相適(shi)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)理論(lun)與(yu)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)、課(ke)(ke)內(nei)與(yu)課(ke)(ke)外、校內(nei)與(yu)校外相結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)層(ceng)次(ci)、多(duo)模(mo)塊、全方位(wei)、一體化的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)框(kuang)架。

2“531”實踐教學(xue)體(ti)系(xi)的構建過程與方法

本項(xiang)目(mu)研(yan)(yan)究在我(wo)校(xiao)長期注(zhu)重實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上，從2011級(ji)高(gao)職醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)術專業(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)第(di)三學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)期(即(ji)(ji)2013年(nian))開(kai)始進(jin)行(xing)，6年(nian)來進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)探索，逐(zhu)步成(cheng)熟(shu)，并(bing)推廣應用(yong)(yong)。“5”即(ji)(ji)“五位一體(ti)”，以知識(shi)傳(chuan)授、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、素質拓展(zhan)、創新(xin)(xin)(xin)創業(ye)(ye)、網絡(luo)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)五個(ge)方面為重點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)系。“3”即(ji)(ji)“實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)三平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)”，校(xiao)內(nei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)、校(xiao)外(wai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)、科研(yan)(yan)訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)(lian)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)利用(yong)(yong);“1”即(ji)(ji)“一個(ge)專業(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)評價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)制”，形成(cheng)性(xing)評價(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)終(zhong)結性(xing)評價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)結合(he)(he)(he)(he)確(que)保實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩步提(ti)(ti)升。2．1構(gou)建(jian)(jian)“五位一體(ti)”實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)系。針對培(pei)養(yang)目(mu)標，優(you)(you)化實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)容(rong)。專業(ye)(ye)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)大綱剔除陳舊內(nei)容(rong)，根據(ju)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要設置實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)項(xiang)目(mu)，避免課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)間內(nei)容(rong)重復，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)知識(shi)含(han)量(liang)。為了(le)(le)(le)加(jia)強實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)(lian)，促(cu)進(jin)臨(lin)床思路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)職業(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應臨(lin)床崗位工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，增加(jia)綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)比重。以《臨(lin)床檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)》實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)為例，設置了(le)(le)(le)4類21個(ge)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)項(xiang)目(mu)作(zuo)(zuo)為基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)(lian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，同時(shi)精選(xuan)4個(ge)項(xiang)目(mu)作(zuo)(zuo)為綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)(lian)內(nei)容(rong)。有(you)效(xiao)利用(yong)(yong)2個(ge)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)校(xiao)外(wai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)基(ji)(ji)地-丹(dan)東市第(di)一醫(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)丹(dan)東市中(zhong)心醫(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)，增加(jia)臨(lin)床見習(xi)(xi)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)早期接觸醫(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)優(you)(you)秀理念、管(guan)理機(ji)制、先(xian)進(jin)技(ji)術，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現校(xiao)院(yuan)(yuan)深度融合(he)(he)(he)(he)，培(pei)養(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職業(ye)(ye)習(xi)(xi)慣(guan)與職業(ye)(ye)理念。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方式(shi)也由(you)單一向(xiang)(xiang)多(duo)元化轉變(bian)，以《認(ren)識(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)》為例，開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)“項(xiang)目(mu)+角色扮演”實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式(shi)改(gai)(gai)革研(yan)(yan)究，在專業(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)滲(shen)透人文(wen)素質培(pei)養(yang)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)素養(yang)，職業(ye)(ye)素養(yang)。我(wo)們依(yi)托醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)分子醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)究室(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)為科研(yan)(yan)訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)(lian)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)，指(zhi)導高(gao)職醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)術專業(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)開(kai)展(zhan)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)創業(ye)(ye)訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)(lian)項(xiang)目(mu)。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施，讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)夠接觸到教(jiao)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科研(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，培(pei)養(yang)了(le)(le)(le)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)意識(shi)和(he)(he)團隊合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)開(kai)展(zhan)網絡(luo)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)促(cu)進(jin)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)整合(he)(he)(he)(he)。遼東學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)園網建(jian)(jian)設已(yi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現全(quan)覆(fu)蓋，《寄生(sheng)(sheng)蟲學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)及(ji)檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》、《免疫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)及(ji)檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》、《臨(lin)床檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)》、《畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)》四門專業(ye)(ye)課(ke)已(yi)經基(ji)(ji)本完成(cheng)泛雅平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設，構(gou)建(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)資源(yuan)庫，可以實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現對學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)跟蹤、監控(kong)(kong)與學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)狀態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)進(jin)，有(you)助于提(ti)(ti)高(gao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效(xiao)果(guo)。2．2有(you)效(xiao)利用(yong)(yong)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)三平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)。為培(pei)養(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科知識(shi)、綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)設計(ji)、臨(lin)床技(ji)能(neng)(neng)、團隊合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)、創新(xin)(xin)(xin)精神，將學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)(lian)劃分為不同階(jie)段并(bing)連(lian)續(xu)起來，有(you)效(xiao)利用(yong)(yong)校(xiao)內(nei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi))、校(xiao)外(wai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)校(xiao)外(wai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)基(ji)(ji)地)、科研(yan)(yan)訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)(lian)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)分子醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)究室(shi))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)三平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)，解決(jue)了(le)(le)(le)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)資源(yuan)匱乏問題(ti)。并(bing)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)自(zi)編實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)材(cai)配(pei)套教(jiao)材(cai)建(jian)(jian)設，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)自(zi)行(xing)研(yan)(yan)制儀器設備(bei)不斷(duan)完善校(xiao)內(nei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)建(jian)(jian)設，既提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)(le)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)(yong)率，也大大激發了(le)(le)(le)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)興趣，使(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)由(you)封閉向(xiang)(xiang)開(kai)放轉變(bian)。2．3建(jian)(jian)立精準(zhun)化、多(duo)元化、多(duo)層次化專業(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)評價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)制為確(que)保實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩步提(ti)(ti)升，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)對實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精準(zhun)化管(guan)理，采(cai)取學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)評價(jia)(jia)(jia)、教(jiao)師評價(jia)(jia)(jia)、專家評價(jia)(jia)(jia)三級(ji)評價(jia)(jia)(jia)，開(kai)展(zhan)形成(cheng)性(xing)評價(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)終(zhong)結性(xing)評價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)結合(he)(he)(he)(he)。以《畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)》為例，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)引入(ru)“互(hu)聯網+手機(ji)”新(xin)(xin)(xin)媒體(ti)方式(shi)，依(yi)托泛雅平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)，對實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)環節進(jin)行(xing)管(guan)理、指(zhi)導、評價(jia)(jia)(jia)、監控(kong)(kong)，以評促(cu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，立體(ti)地評價(jia)(jia)(jia)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)質量(liang)，健全(quan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)體(ti)系。

3“531”實踐教(jiao)學(xue)體系的構(gou)建取(qu)得(de)的成效

“531”實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)體系的(de)構建(jian)由問題的(de)提(ti)出到成功(gong)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)，經(jing)歷了(le)由點(dian)及(ji)面的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，形成了(le)以職業能力培(pei)(pei)養(yang)為理念的(de)高職醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)技術專業“531”實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)體系。6年來共培(pei)(pei)養(yang)畢(bi)(bi)業生180余人(ren)(ren)，在實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)改革(ge)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)建(jian)設(she)、基(ji)地(di)建(jian)設(she)、創新教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)、專業實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)能力評價(jia)、網絡(luo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)質(zhi)量等方面成效顯著。學(xue)(xue)(xue)生綜合素質(zhi)不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)升，技能基(ji)本功(gong)更加扎實(shi)(shi)(shi)，臨(lin)床技能訓練層次清(qing)晰，探索精神(shen)得到加強，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位的(de)廣泛認可。近兩(liang)屆畢(bi)(bi)業生的(de)初次就(jiu)業率保持在100%，年終(zhong)就(jiu)業率在95%左右(you)。在對近兩(liang)年畢(bi)(bi)業生實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)滿意度調查中(zhong)，就(jiu)業專業對口率60%，畢(bi)(bi)業生檢驗(yan)士(shi)資格(ge)考(kao)試通過(guo)(guo)率平均(jun)在70%以上。“531”實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)體系的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)推進了(le)我校現代應(ying)用(yong)技術大學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)建(jian)設(she)，有利于醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)技術專業培(pei)(pei)養(yang)目標(biao)的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現，有較好的(de)應(ying)用(yong)前(qian)景。

摘要:隨著互聯網技術(shu)的發展,碎(sui)片化(hua)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)法(fa)已成為在教(jiao)育領域廣泛應(ying)用的一種學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)方(fang)法(fa)。針(zhen)對(dui)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗技術(shu)專(zhuan)業學(xue)(xue)生在臨(lin)床實(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)中(zhong)存在的問題(ti),利用慕(mu)課(MOOC)、視頻(pin)公開課、遠(yuan)程教(jiao)育等,重點(dian)對(dui)臨(lin)床實(shi)(shi)踐學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)內容進行篩選,并定期進行考核評估,不斷更新專(zhuan)業知識,從而構建(jian)碎(sui)片化(hua)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)法(fa)的知識體系。將碎(sui)片化(hua)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)法(fa)廣泛應(ying)用于醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗技術(shu)專(zhuan)業臨(lin)床實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)可切(qie)實(shi)(shi)提高教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)水平(ping)和帶教(jiao)質量。

關鍵詞:碎片(pian)化(hua)學習法(fa);醫學檢驗技術(shu)專業;臨床實踐;實習

碎(sui)(sui)片(pian)化(hua)學(xue)習(xi)法(fa)(fa)是指利用(yong)(yong)碎(sui)(sui)片(pian)化(hua)時間,采(cai)取網(wang)絡媒(mei)體學(xue)習(xi)碎(sui)(sui)片(pian)化(hua)內容的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi),通(tong)過(guo)平時積累的(de)(de)(de)信息和知識(shi),掌握實(shi)際現(xian)狀(zhuang),增長知識(shi),提高技(ji)能的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)方法(fa)(fa)[1]。醫學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)臨床(chuang)實(shi)踐是醫學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)技(ji)術(shu)專業(ye)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)走向工作崗(gang)位(wei)前(qian)非常重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段(duan),通(tong)過(guo)實(shi)習(xi)將(jiang)在(zai)學(xue)校學(xue)到的(de)(de)(de)理論知識(shi)和臨床(chuang)操(cao)作技(ji)能有機結合(he)起來(lai),將(jiang)基礎知識(shi)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)工作實(shi)踐能力[2]。隨著(zhu)電(dian)子科技(ji)及(ji)互聯網(wang)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展,碎(sui)(sui)片(pian)化(hua)學(xue)習(xi)法(fa)(fa)已(yi)成為(wei)時代發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)必然趨勢。目(mu)前(qian)各類網(wang)絡教學(xue)資源的(de)(de)(de)內容和種(zhong)類越來(lai)越豐(feng)富,針對醫學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)技(ji)術(shu)專業(ye)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)實(shi)習(xi)中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)問題,如何將(jiang)碎(sui)(sui)片(pian)化(hua)學(xue)習(xi)法(fa)(fa)更加規律(lv)、高效地(di)(di)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)臨床(chuang)實(shi)踐中(zhong),已(yi)成為(wei)實(shi)習(xi)基地(di)(di)培養實(shi)習(xi)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)教學(xue)重(zhong)點。

1研究背景

21世紀以(yi)來,大(da)數據、移動通(tong)信、云計算等(deng)新(xin)一(yi)代信息技(ji)術(shu)促進了整(zheng)個教(jiao)(jiao)育行業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)展,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)“互聯網(wang)+教(jiao)(jiao)育”的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)下,翻轉課堂、微課等(deng)一(yi)系列(lie)新(xin)型的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)育領(ling)域(yu)層出不(bu)窮,學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)可以(yi)根據自(zi)身需求(qiu)利用(yong)(yong)零散時間隨(sui)時隨(sui)地對慕課(MOOC)、視(shi)頻公開課等(deng)進行學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),這(zhe)種學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)法就是(shi)(shi)碎片化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)法。賀喜(xi)[3]認(ren)為碎片化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)法是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種時間短、方(fang)式(shi)(shi)靈(ling)活,可以(yi)根據學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)興趣(qu)選擇學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)內容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法;王竹立(li)[4]認(ren)為,碎片化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)法具(ju)有(you)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)時間可以(yi)靈(ling)活把控、時間相對較短,容(rong)易保持學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)注意(yi)力、效(xiao)率高等(deng)諸多優勢(shi)。醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)不(bu)僅要求(qiu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)理論知(zhi)識(shi)豐富(fu),對學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)動手能力要求(qiu)也比較高。臨(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)實習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)階(jie)段是(shi)(shi)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗人才培養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要階(jie)段。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)進入臨(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)實習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)時,大(da)部(bu)分(fen)時間都在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實驗室里(li),動手能力有(you)了提升,但對檢(jian)測方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)原理、檢(jian)測項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)臨(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)意(yi)義等(deng)理論知(zhi)識(shi)掌握不(bu)夠,對檢(jian)測結果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析能力仍較缺乏(fa)。為了解決上(shang)述問題,筆(bi)者(zhe)(zhe)團(tuan)隊探(tan)索出將碎片化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)法與(yu)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗技(ji)術(shu)專業(ye)(ye)臨(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)實踐相結合的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)法。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)操作前先線上(shang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)MOOC、視(shi)頻公開課、遠程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育等(deng)平臺相關的(de)(de)(de)視(shi)頻資料,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實際操作中(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)師進行重(zhong)點和(he)難點強調在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)操作后對問題開展討(tao)論該(gai)方(fang)法對于提升學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)理論水平,提高臨(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)實踐能力具(ju)有(you)非常好的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)。目(mu)前,碎片化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)法應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗技(ji)術(shu)專業(ye)(ye)臨(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)實踐中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)報道還比較少。因此,本文將碎片化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)法應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)到醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗臨(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)實踐中(zhong),重(zhong)點加強對教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內容(rong)視(shi)頻的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),突(tu)出操作前先學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、操作后討(tao)論的(de)(de)(de)設計,探(tan)討(tao)碎片化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)法的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果(guo),以(yi)此全面提升教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質量(liang)。

2醫學(xue)檢驗技術專業臨床實踐中存(cun)在的主要問(wen)題

【摘要】近幾年，由于我國臨(lin)床醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)基礎試驗(yan)(yan)技(ji)術的(de)(de)快速發展以及生(sheng)活水平(ping)的(de)(de)提高(gao)，使得我國的(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)療事(shi)業突飛(fei)猛進的(de)(de)同(tong)時，大(da)家對于醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量也要求越(yue)來越(yue)高(gao)，在(zai)此種(zhong)狀況下，對于臨(lin)床醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)基礎試驗(yan)(yan)技(ji)術就提出了更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)要求，基于此，本(ben)文(wen)對如何提高(gao)臨(lin)床醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)基礎檢驗(yan)(yan)技(ji)術進行(xing)了探討，以供相關人員的(de)(de)參考。

【關(guan)鍵(jian)詞】臨床醫學；檢(jian)驗(yan)技(ji)術；提高措施

隨著社會科技(ji)的(de)(de)快(kuai)速發(fa)展，醫學(xue)中不斷地引入了(le)大量(liang)地先進(jin)技(ji)術，使(shi)得臨(lin)(lin)床醫學(xue)基(ji)礎檢(jian)(jian)驗技(ji)術逐漸朝著自(zi)動化、智能(neng)化地方向發(fa)展，就(jiu)(jiu)當前狀況(kuang)來(lai)看，臨(lin)(lin)床醫學(xue)基(ji)礎檢(jian)(jian)驗對臨(lin)(lin)床診斷、治(zhi)(zhi)療非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)(zhong)要，可(ke)以(yi)為臨(lin)(lin)床診斷、治(zhi)(zhi)療提(ti)供一定地以(yi)及。就(jiu)(jiu)現(xian)階段醫學(xue)基(ji)礎檢(jian)(jian)驗工(gong)作來(lai)看，還是(shi)有(you)一些問題需要解決。如果臨(lin)(lin)床基(ji)礎檢(jian)(jian)驗技(ji)術得到良好的(de)(de)發(fa)展，會不同程度的(de)(de)提(ti)高臨(lin)(lin)床檢(jian)(jian)驗工(gong)作的(de)(de)總(zong)體質(zhi)量(liang)，這對于醫院界來(lai)講是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)(zhong)要，因此(ci)，進(jin)行此(ci)方面的(de)(de)研究具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)意義(yi)。

1臨床(chuang)醫學檢驗技術的概(gai)述

在臨床(chuang)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學檢驗(yan)(yan)技術中(zhong)(zhong)需要(yao)使用(yong)正確(que)(que)且(qie)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)方法來(lai)收集臨床(chuang)上的(de)(de)(de)標本(ben)，并對(dui)這(zhe)些標本(ben)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢測(ce)之后(hou)，及(ji)(ji)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)把檢測(ce)報告反(fan)饋給相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)，給醫(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)診斷相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)疾病(bing)(bing)提供(gong)參考，就現階段來(lai)看(kan)，在臨床(chuang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)檢驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)標本(ben)主要(yao)有血清、微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物、細胞、抗原、抗體以及(ji)(ji)其他相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)血液。在對(dui)臨床(chuang)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學試驗(yan)(yan)技術進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)也可以和(he)氣態檢查(cha)技術進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)結合，可以使得相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)在對(dui)患者病(bing)(bing)情進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)確(que)(que)定的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)更加的(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)確(que)(que)，更加有針對(dui)性地進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)治療。且(qie)由于臨床(chuang)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學檢驗(yan)(yan)技術發展越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)成熟，檢測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)更加的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)效(xiao)準(zhun)確(que)(que)、可靠，以至于在對(dui)疾病(bing)(bing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)診斷的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)更加及(ji)(ji)時(shi)和(he)高(gao)效(xiao)。

2臨床(chuang)醫(yi)學基礎檢驗技術的重要性(xing)

【摘要】畢(bi)業(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習是培養學(xue)生實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐技(ji)(ji)能、臨(lin)床(chuang)思(si)維和(he)創(chuang)新能力的(de)重要途經，2012年9月，教(jiao)育部(bu)將醫(yi)學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)專業(ye)改為醫(yi)學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)專業(ye)，學(xue)制統(tong)一調(diao)整為四(si)年，授(shou)予理學(xue)學(xue)士學(xue)位。我校檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)醫(yi)學(xue)系通過調(diao)研社會和(he)行業(ye)發展對醫(yi)學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)專業(ye)人(ren)才的(de)需求，在2014屆和(he)2015屆本(ben)科生畢(bi)業(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習階段，從改革實(shi)(shi)(shi)習內(nei)容(rong)和(he)考核方(fang)式，將實(shi)(shi)(shi)習教(jiao)學(xue)與臨(lin)床(chuang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)工作相(xiang)結合(he)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室認(ren)可體系與畢(bi)業(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習教(jiao)學(xue)相(xiang)結合(he)，堅(jian)持畢(bi)業(ye)論(lun)文“帶教(jiao)老師”制度，加強(qiang)學(xue)生創(chuang)新能力培養這(zhe)五(wu)個方(fang)面，對畢(bi)業(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習模(mo)式進行了(le)積極(ji)探索與實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐，取得(de)了(le)較好的(de)教(jiao)學(xue)效果(guo)。

【關鍵(jian)詞】檢(jian)驗醫(yi)學；醫(yi)學檢(jian)驗技(ji)術；畢業實習(xi)；教學模(mo)式(shi)；探索；實踐

檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)是一(yi)(yi)門實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)性較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科，畢(bi)業實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)是培(pei)(pei)養學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)技(ji)(ji)能、臨床(chuang)思(si)維和(he)創(chuang)新(xin)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)途經[1-4]，通(tong)過實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)使學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)將所(suo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理論知識(shi)(shi)應用于臨床(chuang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際，鞏固和(he)提高所(suo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業知識(shi)(shi)，為(wei)進一(yi)(yi)步深造和(he)就(jiu)業打(da)下良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。2012年(nian)(nian)9月國(guo)家教(jiao)育部正(zheng)式(shi)下發通(tong)知，自2013年(nian)(nian)起，將醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業改為(wei)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業，學(xue)(xue)(xue)制統一(yi)(yi)調整(zheng)為(wei)四年(nian)(nian)，授(shou)予理學(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)士學(xue)(xue)(xue)位,培(pei)(pei)養目(mu)(mu)標(biao)調整(zheng)為(wei)培(pei)(pei)養具有一(yi)(yi)定科研(yan)發展潛能的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用型醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)門人(ren)(ren)才(cai)[5]。改革后的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)(pei)養模式(shi)更突出(chu)技(ji)(ji)能型應用型人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)養。如何在(zai)新(xin)形勢下，培(pei)(pei)養出(chu)適應社會經濟(ji)發展需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高級檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)門人(ren)(ren)才(cai)，是當前我國(guo)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)艱巨任務(wu)。我校檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)系結合五年(nian)(nian)制醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)經驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，依據四年(nian)(nian)制醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)(pei)養目(mu)(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，在(zai)2014屆和(he)2015屆本科生(sheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)階(jie)段，對(dui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)畢(bi)業實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)模式(shi)進行了積極探索和(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)，現(xian)報(bao)道如下：

1調研畢業(ye)生(sheng)的就業(ye)情況以及(ji)師生(sheng)對(dui)畢業(ye)實習的反(fan)饋(kui)意見

1.1醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)率(lv)調(diao)查。為了使學(xue)(xue)校培養(yang)出(chu)(chu)滿足(zu)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)崗位需(xu)要、社會(hui)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)才(cai)，我們(men)(men)對(dui)2017年(nian)(nian)56名畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、2018年(nian)(nian)27名畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)去(qu)向以及用人(ren)單位對(dui)檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)進行調(diao)查分(fen)析。調(diao)查結果顯示：這(zhe)兩年(nian)(nian)讀研（包括出(chu)(chu)國繼續學(xue)(xue)習）學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)分(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)總人(ren)數的(de)(de)(de)50.0%（28/56）、37.0%（10/27），進入醫(yi)院(yuan)檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)科(ke)(ke)、輸血(xue)科(ke)(ke)等(deng)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室工作的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)比率(lv)分(fen)別(bie)為35.7%（20/56）、37.0%（10/27），去(qu)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)相關行業(ye)(ye)(ye)如醫(yi)療器(qi)械公司(si)、試(shi)劑營銷公司(si)和第三方獨立(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室的(de)(de)(de)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)占(zhan)3.6%（2/56）、11.1%（3/27），二次(ci)考研占(zhan)7.1%（4/56）、11.1%（3/27）,其他情況(kuang)占(zhan)3.6%（2/56），3.7%（1/27）。調(diao)研中一些三甲醫(yi)院(yuan)反(fan)饋近兩年(nian)(nian)未招聘本科(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。以上就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)情況(kuang)表明(ming)：隨著社會(hui)發展(zhan)醫(yi)院(yuan)對(dui)應聘者(zhe)學(xue)(xue)歷層次(ci)要求(qiu)增(zeng)高，醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)本科(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)壓力(li)增(zeng)大，考研人(ren)數較多，繼續深造成為本科(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)提升就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要選擇。1.2聽(ting)取(qu)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、在(zai)校生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、一線(xian)教(jiao)師(shi)對(dui)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)習的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)議。我校醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)從2003年(nian)(nian)設立(li)(li)，截(jie)止(zhi)2018年(nian)(nian)7月已培養(yang)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)十(shi)一屆，這(zhe)些畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)分(fen)布在(zai)國內和省內各醫(yi)院(yuan)檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)科(ke)(ke)，獨立(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室、試(shi)劑公司(si)等(deng)。檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)系具有一支教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)經驗(yan)(yan)(yan)豐富的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)師(shi)隊伍。這(zhe)些畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、在(zai)校生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和一線(xian)教(jiao)師(shi)對(dui)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)習深有體會(hui)，我們(men)(men)廣泛(fan)征求(qiu)他們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見。

2制定科(ke)學(xue)合理(li)的畢業實綱(gang)

快(kuai)速發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)現代化(hua)信(xin)息技(ji)術(shu)(shu)促進(jin)了(le)高(gao)(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)改革、加速了(le)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)模式(shi)的(de)(de)多元化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展。虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)(ni)仿(fang)(fang)(fang)真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)是(shi)一種基(ji)于Web技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)(ni)現實(shi)(shi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)（VR）構建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)開放式(shi)網絡化(hua)的(de)(de)虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)(ni)實(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)系統(tong)［1］，是(shi)高(gao)(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育信(xin)息化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設和實(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)示范(fan)中心建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)重要內容，是(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科專(zhuan)業(ye)與(yu)信(xin)息技(ji)術(shu)(shu)深(shen)度融合的(de)(de)產(chan)物。隨著虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)(ni)仿(fang)(fang)(fang)真(zhen)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)成(cheng)熟(shu)，虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)(ni)仿(fang)(fang)(fang)真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)驗在科學(xue)(xue)(xue)研究、實(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)中得到了(le)越來越廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)應用［2］。自2013年教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育部開展了(le)國家虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)(ni)仿(fang)(fang)(fang)真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)項目建(jian)(jian)設工作以來，虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)(ni)實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)建(jian)(jian)設成(cheng)為高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)實(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)改革的(de)(de)新方向，虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)(ni)仿(fang)(fang)(fang)真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)的(de)(de)開發(fa)(fa)與(yu)應用將會對醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗技(ji)術(shu)(shu)專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)改革產(chan)生變革性的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。

1醫學(xue)檢驗技術專(zhuan)業實驗教學(xue)的現(xian)狀(zhuang)

實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)是醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院校非常重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐性(xing)(xing)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環節(jie)，在(zai)(zai)培養(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)動(dong)手能力和(he)創新(xin)能力方面有著(zhu)不(bu)(bu)可取代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術屬(shu)于(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，十分強調學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐操(cao)作(zuo)能力和(he)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)操(cao)控(kong)能力，尤(you)其(qi)是隨著(zhu)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術及(ji)(ji)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)更(geng)是發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)著(zhu)日新(xin)月異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化，這(zhe)對(dui)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人才培養(yang)提出了更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。而本(ben)(ben)校醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)受儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)設備、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)內容(rong)、場(chang)地、師資等多(duo)個(ge)因素約(yue)束、限(xian)制，使得(de)本(ben)(ben)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)校生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法得(de)到像臨床檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)科一樣(yang)真實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐操(cao)作(zuo)機會［3］。1．1檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)設備滯后。檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)科常規使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全自(zi)(zi)動(dong)分析儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)，由于(yu)價(jia)格(ge)昂貴(gui)，使用及(ji)(ji)維(wei)護成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)高，因此本(ben)(ben)校的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全自(zi)(zi)動(dong)分析儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量少，而且(qie)規格(ge)陳舊，元器(qi)(qi)件老化，無(wu)(wu)(wu)法滿足日常實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，大多(duo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)情況僅(jin)作(zuo)為示教(jiao)使用，使得(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)設備滯后于(yu)臨床，很(hen)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)方法、新(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術無(wu)(wu)(wu)法在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中展開，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)項目多(duo)以傳(chuan)統經(jing)(jing)典、驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)證性(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為主，缺(que)乏對(dui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)創新(xin)性(xing)(xing)思維(wei)和(he)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培養(yang)［4－5］。1．2實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)內容(rong)受限(xian)。臨床樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)獲(huo)取困難(nan)(nan)，尤(you)其(qi)是臨床基礎檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、臨床血液學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形態學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)資源缺(que)乏，臨床病原微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疑難(nan)(nan)罕(han)見樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)短(duan)缺(que)［6］，導致實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)內容(rong)單一、項目陳舊，與臨床實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)應用存在(zai)(zai)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脫節(jie)。1．3影(ying)響(xiang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室安全。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)標本(ben)(ben)多(duo)來(lai)源于(yu)人體體液的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)樣(yang)品，具有極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感染性(xing)(xing)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室存在(zai)(zai)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污染隱(yin)患。1．4實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)經(jing)(jing)費和(he)場(chang)地限(xian)制。近年來(lai)本(ben)(ben)校醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)招生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人數(shu)(shu)(shu)逐(zhu)年增加(jia)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)室少，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)師缺(que)乏，即使實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)采用小班教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也分成(cheng)(cheng)4人一組，無(wu)(wu)(wu)法保(bao)證每個(ge)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)都(dou)有操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機會，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)難(nan)(nan)免生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)出偷懶、坐享其(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為，難(nan)(nan)以保(bao)障教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效果(guo)。且(qie)常規實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)所(suo)需耗材量大，從(cong)而造成(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校對(dui)本(ben)(ben)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)費投入(ru)巨大。1．5實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)時不(bu)(bu)足。醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)本(ben)(ben)科由五年制改為四年制，各課(ke)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時數(shu)(shu)(shu)都(dou)在(zai)(zai)減(jian)少，包括實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時，勢必造成(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內容(rong)減(jian)少、教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)進(jin)度加(jia)快、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)項目壓縮、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)全、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)得(de)不(bu)(bu)精，教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質量難(nan)(nan)以保(bao)證。

2醫學檢驗(yan)技術專(zhuan)業(ye)構建虛擬(ni)仿(fang)真實驗(yan)室的意(yi)義

教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)著眼點是(shi)提升專(zhuan)業(ye)人才(cai)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)質(zhi)(zhi)量。在(zai)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)“五改(gai)四”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背景下，傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方法和(he)(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)條件已明顯滯(zhi)后于當(dang)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人才(cai)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)需(xu)求，不(bu)僅直(zhi)接(jie)影響學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質(zhi)(zhi)量，更影響學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)未來在(zai)社會及行業(ye)領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)(li)(li)。虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)仿(fang)真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)(he)應用，充分發揮學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)專(zhuan)業(ye)優勢，改(gai)造實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)手段(duan)、革(ge)新(xin)(xin)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內容、突破(po)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模式，是(shi)探索醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技術(shu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)途徑。2．1改(gai)善(shan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)條件。尤其是(shi)價格昂貴、結構復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大型、新(xin)(xin)型儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)中全面(mian)展(zhan)現，避免儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨額投資和(he)(he)(he)重復添置［7］，降低(di)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)設(she)備建(jian)(jian)設(she)、管理(li)和(he)(he)(he)運行成本(ben)，減輕(qing)保養(yang)(yang)(yang)維護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量［8］，保證了實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)開(kai)出率(lv)及使用率(lv)。有(you)(you)效(xiao)緩解(jie)(jie)了實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)經費、場(chang)地、器(qi)(qi)材等方面(mian)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困難和(he)(he)(he)壓力(li)(li)(li)，解(jie)(jie)決了實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)設(she)備落后、配置不(bu)足、試劑耗材浪費、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物安全隱患等傳(chuan)統實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足。2．2改(gai)革(ge)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模式。虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)仿(fang)真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)開(kai)放共享的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)環(huan)境，形象(xiang)逼真(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)場(chang)景，直(zhi)觀(guan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)對(dui)象(xiang)，靈活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)方式，可(ke)再現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模式［9］，極(ji)大地調(diao)動(dong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主動(dong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)積極(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，激(ji)發學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)興趣［10］。虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)組建(jian)(jian)上具有(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)靈活性(xing)(xing)(xing)，能(neng)夠適應測(ce)試功(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣(yang)化，可(ke)用表(biao)格、圖形快速準(zhun)確顯示結果，方便教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師與(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之間進行互(hu)動(dong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)，從而改(gai)變了實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模式，有(you)(you)效(xiao)地提高(gao)(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質(zhi)(zhi)量。2．3培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)高(gao)(gao)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)人才(cai)。構建(jian)(jian)具有(you)(you)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)仿(fang)真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)，模擬(ni)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)環(huan)境、工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)方式，讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)猶如(ru)身(shen)臨檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)科(ke)，真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地體會到檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)模式，能(neng)有(you)(you)效(xiao)地培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)將所(suo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)知(zhi)識融入臨床(chuang)(chuang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，促(cu)進學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)臨床(chuang)(chuang)思(si)(si)維能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)、臨床(chuang)(chuang)操作(zuo)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)訓練［11］，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現與(yu)(yu)臨床(chuang)(chuang)無縫對(dui)接(jie)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師可(ke)利用虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)仿(fang)真(zhen)系統搭建(jian)(jian)綜合(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、設(she)計(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)或案(an)例，極(ji)大地促(cu)進了綜合(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、設(she)計(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)設(she)，活躍學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)思(si)(si)維，增強學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)手能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)，鍛煉學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)獨立思(si)(si)考和(he)(he)(he)設(she)計(ji)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)，對(dui)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)思(si)(si)維及開(kai)拓精(jing)神起到積極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引導作(zuo)用，促(cu)進醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技術(shu)專(zhuan)業(ye)高(gao)(gao)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)、創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)人才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)［12］。

3醫學檢驗(yan)虛擬仿真實驗(yan)室(shi)建設思(si)路與規劃

1多媒體技術在檢驗核醫學教學中的應用

1．1電離輻射的(de)生(sheng)物學(xue)效應(ying)

射(she)線照射(she)到(dao)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)上(shang)，將發(fa)生(sheng)復(fu)雜變化，大致(zhi)分為4個(ge)階段(duan)(duan)，即(ji)物(wu)(wu)理階段(duan)(duan)、物(wu)(wu)理-化學(xue)(xue)階段(duan)(duan)、化學(xue)(xue)階段(duan)(duan)和生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)階段(duan)(duan)。繪制(zhi)動作按鈕(niu)，用鼠(shu)標點擊按鈕(niu)一步步展示生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)變化過程，當射(she)線照射(she)到(dao)機體上(shang)，機體發(fa)生(sheng)電離、激(ji)發(fa)，化學(xue)(xue)鍵斷裂、產生(sheng)自由基等(deng)。通(tong)過動作按鈕(niu)，可依次展示效應過程，加深學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)印象，從(cong)而更好地理解生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)效應發(fa)生(sheng)過程。

1．2放射性測量儀器

講(jiang)解氣體(ti)電離(li)探(tan)測器和半導體(ti)探(tan)測器時，可應(ying)用(yong)動畫顯(xian)示這一(yi)過程(cheng)：射(she)線(xian)照(zhao)射(she)到物體(ti)上，物體(ti)受激電離(li)，產(chan)生出正負離(li)子(zi)對(dui)，在電場的(de)作用(yong)下(xia)，離(li)子(zi)到達電極，電路由斷變通(tong)，通(tong)過電流邊(bian)指針擺動變化反應(ying)射(she)線(xian)的(de)強度，形象(xiang)地展示了這兩種放射(she)性測量儀器的(de)工作原理(li)。

1．3閃(shan)爍型探測(ce)儀

摘(zhai)要：在(zai)分析醫學檢(jian)驗(yan)技(ji)術專(zhuan)業發展現狀和存(cun)在(zai)問題(ti)的(de)(de)基礎上，從(cong)培養方向、縱向課(ke)程整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合、橫(heng)向課(ke)程整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合、實驗(yan)教學體系(xi)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合、線上線下整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合、考核方式、教學團隊等方面入手，探索新形勢(shi)下醫學檢(jian)驗(yan)技(ji)術專(zhuan)業課(ke)程整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合體系(xi)的(de)(de)構建(jian)，為該專(zhuan)業教學改革提供參考。

關(guan)鍵詞：醫學檢(jian)驗技術(shu)；課程整合；新醫科

隨(sui)著(zhu)精準(zhun)醫療及診(zhen)斷技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)發展和廣泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)交(jiao)叉(cha)的(de)(de)復合型醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)人(ren)才培養日趨重要。各個高(gao)校都在大(da)力促進(jin)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)與(yu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)交(jiao)叉(cha)融通，貫(guan)徹“以學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心”的(de)(de)教育理(li)念，滿(man)足學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生個性化、多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣化的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習和發展需(xu)求(qiu)，引導(dao)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生自主(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習。但目(mu)前(qian)大(da)多(duo)(duo)(duo)數高(gao)校的(de)(de)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)技(ji)術(shu)專(zhuan)業(ye)主(zhu)要采用(yong)(yong)傳統的(de)(de)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教育模(mo)式，以學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，以知(zhi)識(shi)點為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心，保持學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)獨立性與(yu)完整(zheng)(zheng)性，這(zhe)在一定程度上造成(cheng)了(le)(le)各學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)內容(rong)相互(hu)割裂和碎(sui)片(pian)化，不利于學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生對(dui)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)知(zhi)識(shi)的(de)(de)系統掌握。同時，醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)技(ji)術(shu)專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)制由5年減為(wei)(wei)(wei)4年，推行(xing)(xing)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分制后(hou)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時也(ye)大(da)為(wei)(wei)(wei)減少(shao)，在這(zhe)些多(duo)(duo)(duo)重因(yin)素影響(xiang)下(xia)，再按照以往(wang)的(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)程模(mo)式教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)已經不能適應當前(qian)的(de)(de)形勢。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)適應醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變(bian)，培養未來社會需(xu)要的(de)(de)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)人(ren)才，必須(xu)對(dui)原有的(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)程體(ti)(ti)系進(jin)行(xing)(xing)優化整(zheng)(zheng)合[1]。

1實施課程整合的(de)必要性

醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)(yan)技術專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)目前的(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)系主要(yao)存在以下(xia)問題：首先，專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)必修(xiu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數量過(guo)多，選(xuan)修(xiu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)偏(pian)少(shao)，不利于(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)主動學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)和自主學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)能力的(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)；其次，專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)必修(xiu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)交叉重復，占用學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時過(guo)多，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)負擔較重；最后，基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)臨床(chuang)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相互脫節(jie)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)難以將(jiang)各(ge)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科知識融會貫通[2]。這是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)以學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科為(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)，由于(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科知識的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)和學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科完整性的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)，導致各(ge)門課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)知識越(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)多，重復的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)也越(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)多。整合(he)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)將(jiang)原來(lai)(lai)獨立的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)門課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)或各(ge)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環(huan)節(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)有關的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)重新組(zu)合(he)，減少(shao)多余內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，優(you)化課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結構，發揮(hui)整合(he)優(you)勢[3]。目前國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院校中(zhong)(zhong)開展(zhan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)整合(he)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)以臨床(chuang)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)主，其他醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)相關專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)開展(zhan)較少(shao)。根據(ju)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)外醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院校課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)經驗(yan)(yan)，以器官系統或疾病為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)和以問題為(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)是(shi)兩(liang)種(zhong)操作性比較強的(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)整合(he)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)[2]。針對當前我國(guo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)(yan)技術專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)存在的(de)(de)(de)突(tu)出問題，本研究對原有的(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)系進(jin)(jin)行優(you)化和整合(he)，將(jiang)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、臨床(chuang)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)與(yu)檢驗(yan)(yan)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)主要(yao)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)進(jin)(jin)行縱向整合(he)和橫向整合(he)，實(shi)現不同學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科之間的(de)(de)(de)交叉融合(he)，針對不同的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)方向建(jian)立選(xuan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)系，并且配(pei)套教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)、考核方式(shi)、教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)團隊的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革(ge)，構建(jian)適合(he)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)(yan)技術專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)整合(he)體(ti)系，培(pei)養(yang)(yang)適應新醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)科背(bei)景下(xia)社會多元化人才需求的(de)(de)(de)高素質應用型醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)(yan)技術專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)人才。

2課(ke)程整(zheng)合體(ti)系的(de)建(jian)立

摘要：目前，高(gao)校的(de)教學質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)監控著重關(guan)注(zhu)校內環節(jie)評價(jia)，而社會力量(liang)(liang)(liang)對人才培養質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)監控與評價(jia)還不(bu)夠(gou)。本研究從校外(wai)社會力量(liang)(liang)(liang)對醫學檢驗技術(shu)專業(ye)學生培養質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)監控的(de)必要性、方(fang)(fang)式與方(fang)(fang)法(fa)、反饋(kui)與評價(jia)等幾(ji)個(ge)方(fang)(fang)面，以“全(quan)員參與、全(quan)程(cheng)監控、全(quan)面評價(jia)”為原則，建立校外(wai)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)監控體系(xi)，促進教學質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)全(quan)面提高(gao)。

關鍵詞：社會力量;教學質量監控;評(ping)價

近年來，隨著(zhu)高校(xiao)招生規(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)逐步(bu)擴大，教育資源緊張(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾逐步(bu)顯現，加強(qiang)質(zhi)量監(jian)控(kong)(kong)，提高教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質(zhi)量成為(wei)高校(xiao)辦學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)需要(yao)解決的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵問題。醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗專業自2013年本科專業目錄調整后改為(wei)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗技(ji)術(shu)專業,由(you)五年制改為(wei)四年制，由(you)原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)授予醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位改為(wei)授予理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位，四年制醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)驗技(ji)術(shu)人才(cai)培養的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)列(lie)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)體系(xi)建設、教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方法及(ji)手段等改革(ge)是否有(you)效，更需要(yao)完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質(zhi)量監(jian)控(kong)(kong)與(yu)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)體系(xi)去檢(jian)測(ce)，而目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)及(ji)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)機制，主要(yao)側重于校(xiao)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)教評(ping)(ping)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，針(zhen)對校(xiao)外社會力量對教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)與(yu)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)仍不(bu)完善(shan)，急(ji)待加強(qiang)與(yu)提高。

一(yi)、社會力量參與教學質量監(jian)控與評(ping)價的(de)必要(yao)性(xing)

社會(hui)力量(liang)主要(yao)包括醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)技術專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)臨床(chuang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習單位(wei)及(ji)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)單位(wei)。醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)技術專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環節(jie)中有四分之一(yi)(yi)(yi)（一(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)年）的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間在(zai)(zai)(zai)醫(yi)院檢驗(yan)科(ke)或第(di)三方獨立實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)開展畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習，在(zai)(zai)(zai)臨床(chuang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐過程中，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內容與(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習存在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定脫(tuo)節(jie)現象，臨床(chuang)帶(dai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)質量(liang)有待于進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步提高，實(shi)(shi)(shi)習學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生在(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習過程中學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習積極性和實(shi)(shi)(shi)習紀律還有待于進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步加強等(deng)問題依(yi)然存在(zai)(zai)(zai)。通過臨床(chuang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐環節(jie)發現課堂教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內容、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方式等(deng)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不足是(shi)開展系列教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)依(yi)據。有效提高人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養與(yu)(yu)社會(hui)需求契(qi)合(he)度是(shi)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)目(mu)標，用(yong)人(ren)單位(wei)對專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐技能(neng)及(ji)綜合(he)素質的(de)(de)(de)(de)評價對指導(dao)校內理(li)論及(ji)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)也(ye)必將發揮重要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)。通過多(duo)方面、多(duo)渠道、全(quan)方位(wei)、多(duo)元(yuan)參與(yu)(yu)監控與(yu)(yu)評價醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)技術專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質量(liang)已經成為提高醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢驗(yan)應用(yong)型人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養的(de)(de)(de)(de)必然需求。

二、社(she)會(hui)力量參與教(jiao)學質量監控與評價(jia)的方(fang)式與方(fang)法

摘要:本文在探(tan)討(tao)建(jian)(jian)立醫學(xue)(xue)檢驗技術專(zhuan)業大學(xue)(xue)生校外(wai)(wai)(wai)實踐(jian)(jian)(jian)基(ji)地的緊迫性及必要性基(ji)礎上，明確了(le)校外(wai)(wai)(wai)實踐(jian)(jian)(jian)基(ji)地的共(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)目標(biao)及途(tu)徑，構建(jian)(jian)了(le)共(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)雙方的組織架構，完善了(le)共(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)基(ji)地的管理制度。大學(xue)(xue)生校外(wai)(wai)(wai)實踐(jian)(jian)(jian)基(ji)地在人才培(pei)養(yang)模(mo)式(shi)的創新、實踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)師隊伍建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)、課程建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)、及教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)模(mo)式(shi)改革等方面發揮(hui)重要作(zuo)用。

關鍵(jian)詞(ci):醫學(xue)檢驗技術;實踐基地;共建;實踐教學(xue)

醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)從業(ye)(ye)人員承擔著為(wei)臨(lin)床(chuang)疾(ji)病(bing)預防、診斷、治療、愈后(hou)觀察、藥(yao)效評價(jia)等提(ti)供佐(zuo)證的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)職(zhi)責。隨(sui)著現(xian)代醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)發(fa)展，臨(lin)床(chuang)醫(yi)(yi)生(sheng)在(zai)疾(ji)病(bing)診療中，對(dui)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)等輔助科室出(chu)(chu)(chu)具的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測結果的(de)(de)依賴程(cheng)度逐(zhu)(zhu)漸提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，這對(dui)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機構出(chu)(chu)(chu)示檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)報告(gao)的(de)(de)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性、準確(que)性及(ji)(ji)客觀性提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了更(geng)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。近年來，伴隨(sui)著大眾對(dui)健(jian)康(kang)需(xu)求的(de)(de)日益迫切，一批第(di)三方醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中心、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)試劑(ji)和(he)(he)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)儀器設備的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)、生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)營(ying)銷公司(si)應運(yun)而(er)生(sheng)，醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)畢業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)需(xu)求量逐(zhu)(zhu)年提(ti)高(gao)(gao)。高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)急需(xu)為(wei)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)一線崗(gang)位(wei)培養具有良(liang)好(hao)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)精(jing)神、實操能(neng)力(li)強、“下(xia)得去、留得住、用(yong)得上”的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)素質應用(yong)型技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)人才。醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)實踐教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)是培養學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)基本(ben)能(neng)夠從事臨(lin)床(chuang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環節，通(tong)過實踐教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)應具備的(de)(de)核心競爭力(li)包(bao)括熟練的(de)(de)實際動手能(neng)力(li)、良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)素養及(ji)(ji)團隊協作(zuo)精(jing)神，使學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)初步掌握(wo)基礎(chu)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)基本(ben)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)、醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)以及(ji)(ji)運(yun)用(yong)基礎(chu)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)解決實際問題的(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)，為(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)盡快走上臨(lin)床(chuang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)工作(zuo)崗(gang)位(wei)做好(hao)準備。

1建(jian)立大學生校外實踐基地的必要性(xing)

現代(dai)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展要(yao)(yao)(yao)求醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)人員不僅(jin)要(yao)(yao)(yao)精通檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)規程(cheng)和(he)各種儀器的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)，而且能(neng)(neng)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)地(di)(di)分(fen)析(xi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)測(ce)試結果，并(bing)進(jin)行科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)規范的(de)(de)(de)(de)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)管理(li)和(he)質量(liang)控制。這(zhe)就要(yao)(yao)(yao)求醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)培(pei)養(yang)出一批(pi)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)第一線直(zhi)接(jie)從事檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)操作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高級檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)人才。《醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業設置(zhi)基本標(biao)準》中(zhong)規定，應當(dang)設置(zhi)臨床檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)基礎實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)、微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)、寄生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蟲(chong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)、免疫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)以(yi)及(ji)與專(zhuan)(zhuan)業相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)無機及(ji)有(you)機化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、分(fen)析(xi)化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)等，由我校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)心統籌管理(li)。由于我校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)高職醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業成立較晚，鑒于現代(dai)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)儀器設備(bei)及(ji)試劑更新(xin)速度(du)非常(chang)快，而且費(fei)用特別昂貴，我校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)還(huan)沒有(you)設置(zhi)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)內醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)綜(zong)合實訓實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)，只建立了專(zhuan)(zhuan)業課程(cheng)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)。而且，目前我校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)還(huan)沒有(you)直(zhi)屬(shu)關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)實質性教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)附(fu)屬(shu)醫(yi)(yi)院，部分(fen)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業任課教(jiao)師及(ji)實習(xi)帶教(jiao)老(lao)(lao)師實踐經驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)不足(zu)(zu)，部分(fen)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)設備(bei)老(lao)(lao)化，無法在(zai)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)內完全滿(man)足(zu)(zu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)需求。因此，為實現校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)內教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內容與工作(zuo)場景、教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過程(cheng)與職業標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效銜接(jie)，建立大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)外實踐基地(di)(di)顯得尤為重要(yao)(yao)(yao)，這(zhe)為學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)早(zao)期(qi)形成臨床檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)思維、培(pei)養(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐動手能(neng)(neng)力(li)、提高學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職業能(neng)(neng)力(li)及(ji)就業本領提供必要(yao)(yao)(yao)保障。

2共建目(mu)標及合作基礎